埋藏式人工心脏双腔起搏器的护理

埋藏式人工心脏双腔起搏器主要用于治疗严重缓慢型心律失常 ,抢救危重病人[1] 。是一种具有双腔起搏、双腔感知以及触发和抑制双重反应方式的房室全能型起搏器。为了使患者能尽快适应起搏器 ,提高手术成功率 ,加强护理工作尤为必要。1　术前护理1.1　心理护理　接受埋藏式人工心脏双腔起搏器术患者大多有怀疑、焦虑、不安、恐惧等心理 ,因此 ,责任护士应事先做好患者和家属思想工作 ,使患者充分了解手术目的与过程 ,解除顾虑 ,积极主动配合手术。手术前 1天晚上可给地西泮口服 ,让病人充分休息。1.2　术前准备　对择期安置双腔起搏器的患者…     

硬膜外高渗氯化钠溶液术后镇痛的临床双盲研究

为观察高渗盐水硬膜外注射术后镇痛效果,用双盲法对60例病人进行了研究。生理盐水对照级术后镇痛优良率为3.33％,镇痛有效率为10％,均需用镇痛药;高渗盐水组术后镇痛优良率为86.67％,有效率为96.67％,很少使用镇痛药。两组差别显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。对其他感觉和运动功能无明显影响。高渗盐水组与吗啡组比较镇痛效果相同(P>0.05),副作用少(P<0.01)。说明硬膜外高渗氯化钠溶液是一种安全有效的镇痛方法,有较高推广应用价值。     

通腑活血法治疗蛛网膜下腔出血35例

蛛网膜下腔出血属中医“中风”范围，起病急骤，病情凶险，死亡率及复发率均较高。笔者1997年5月～2003年12月采用通腑活血法治疗本病35例，疗效满意。现报告如下。     

持续硬膜外输注法用于剖宫产术后镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察连续恒量硬膜外注射镇痛法用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果及其副作用。方法80例剖宫产手术患者随机分为持续硬膜外输注镇痛组(CCEA组)和对照组(M组)。CCEA组术后保留硬膜外导管,采用负荷量+连续恒量法镇痛,给子负荷量后采用艾克孚镇痛泵2 ml/h持续输注低浓度吗啡、布比卡因、氟哌利多混合液镇痛。M组术毕拔出导管返病房,疼痛时肌注哌替啶1mg/kg。比较两组镇痛效果、术毕及术后生命体征和副作用发生率。结果 术后各时点VAS评分两组差异有极显著性意义;两组产妇术后平均血压、呼吸频率及副作用发生率差异无显著性意义。结论 剖宫产术后用CCEA法镇痛安全有效,是一种值得推广的镇痛方法。     

异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉期间CO2气腹对血流动力学和氧耗的影响

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation on the hemodynamics, oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during intravenous anesthesia with propofol in combination with epidural block. METHODS: Intratracheal intubation was performed after rapid induction of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation was given. Maintenance of anesthesia was achieved using continuous intravenous propofol infusion (2 mg/kg/h) ?N2O inhalation and intermittent epidural administration. Indices of hemodynamics and respiratory function were collected 5 min before induction, 1 min before CO2 insufflation, and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min after the start of insufflation and 5 min after the termination of insufflation. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), end-tidal PCO2 (P(ET)CO2), VO2 and VCO2 1 min before insufflation were markedly reduced(P<0.01), compared with those recorded before induction. MAP and HR did not undergo any conspicuous changes during CO2 insufflation and 5 min after insufflation termination. Compared with that 1 min before insufflation, PETCO2 was significantly increased 20 min after the start of insufflation (P<0.01), and subsequently carried on the increase though of a lesser scale. VO2 and VCO2 gradually rose after the start of insufflation, and VO2 presented a significantly elevation (P<0.01) 10 min after the insufflation while VCO2 did not show this marked increase(P<0.05) till 20 min after the insufflation in comparison with the levels before insufflation. Subsequently, VO2 continued to rise and VCO2 also retained the increase but of smaller magnitude. CONCLUSION: Intravenous propofol anesthesia combined with epidural block assisted by well-managed excessive ventilation before insufflation can alleviate the adverse effects of CO2 insufflation on respiratory and circulatory systems.     

硬膜外阻滞复合异丙酚60例临床观察

目的：探讨异丙酚适时给药方法和剂量的临床效应。方法：组①异丙酚负荷量1．5mg/kg，5min后开始维持3.75mg.kg^-1.h^-1；组②负荷量0．75mg/kg，随之接与组①相同维持量；组③以0．2mg.kg^-1.h^-1共5min为负荷量，随后接维持量。结果：（1）组①血压下降，呼吸抑制、血氧饱和度低于90％的发生率较高。组②③不发生呼吸抑制和血氧饱和度严重降低。（2）有良好的镇静制动作用，其深度调整容易。（3）术中无恶心呕吐或鼓肠，停药后清醒迅速无不适。结论：以适当方式给一定量的异丙酚，是良好的硬膜外麻醉辅助用药。