硬膜外麻醉辅助用药的疗效观察

目的探讨力月西、芬太尼辅助硬膜外麻醉时消除不良记忆的效果。方法上腹部手术90例随机分为两组,A组为行硬膜处麻醉成功后,缓慢静注度冷丁1mg/kg、非那根0.5mg/kg;B组为行硬膜外麻醉成功后,缓慢静注力月西0.05mg/kg、芬太尼0.0015mg/kg。结果B组镇静程度、完全遗忘率、满意度明显高于A组。结论力月西、芬太尼合用能更好消除硬膜外麻醉的缺点,避免了术中知晓,消除了显性记忆和手术所导致的应激。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

腹腔镜辅助下的腹主动脉瘤手术与传统手术的对比

腹主动脉瘤传统手术采用开腹人工血管置换，手术创伤大，术后患者恢复慢。随着腹腔镜在腹部外科应用的进展，传统腹主动脉瘤手术已经可以被腹腔镜辅助下完成人工血管置换所替代。此外，腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术部分并发症也能用腹腔镜辅助方式得到解决，现就该技术的操作、效果以及与传统手术的比较作一综述。     

不同入路腰部硬膜外穿刺对术后腰痛发生的影响

腰痛是腰部硬膜外麻醉的常见并发症，一般认为是由于穿刺损伤所致。硬膜外穿刺有正中入路和旁入路两种方法，旁入路硬膜外穿刺可以避免棘上韧带和棘间韧带的损伤，与正中入路法比较是否可以降低腰部硬膜外麻醉后腰痛的发生有待进一步研究。本研究拟评价不同入路腰部硬膜外穿刺对术后腰痛发生的影响。     

硬膜外麻醉后寒战原因及防治文献复习

麻醉后寒战是指麻醉后病人出现不随意的肌肉收缩，外周血管收缩及中心体温下降，使机体耗氧量增加，呼吸及循环系统负担增大。麻醉后寒战是一种常见的并发症，其发生率为5％～65％，尤其是硬膜外麻醉后发生率较高。所以麻醉后寒战的防治越来越引起临床麻醉工作者的高度重视。现将本文搜集近年来医学期刊所报道的硬膜外麻醉后寒战原因及防治文献复习报告如下。     

低颅压综合征1例报告

低颅压综合征并非少见,常被误诊,尤其是当腰穿见到血性脑脊液时,常被诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,而进行很多不必要的检查,给病人及家属造成过重负担。现将笔者遇到的1例低颅压综合征病例报告如下。1临床资料患者女,40岁。既往健康,无头部外伤史和腰穿史。入院3天前跑步后发生额部疼痛,为持续性疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,无发热和周身不适;卧床时头痛明显减轻,坐起或站立后头痛很快加重。在厂医院对症治疗不见好转来诊。来诊时查体:意识清楚,血压正常,未查到任何神经系统阳性体征。头颅CT未见异常。腰穿脑脊液:初压为60 mm H2O,脑脊液黄染,常规检查蛋…     

股静脉留置双腔导管建立临时性血液透析通道的护理体会

笔者通过对26例行股静脉留置双腔导管建立临时性血液透析通道的护理，体会到科学、合理、认真的护理是保证导管成功的关键，在操作中严格无菌技术，准确无误的封管能显著降低并发症的发生率。     

成立中华医学会心电学分会势在必行

本刊上期发表了"申请成立中华医学会心电学分会的倡议书"及几位著名学者的呼吁,引起了较大的社会反响,热心读者纷纷致电、致函本刊编辑部,表述对这一热点问题的关注和建议,并表示此倡议反映了几十万心电学工作者多年来的心声和渴望。本期焦点争鸣栏目将摘录刊登部分专家学者的来信,衷心希望广大读者朋友继续关注本刊,关注我国心电事业的热点问题,踊跃来函、来电表述自己的观点,为我国心电学事业的不断发展献计献策。     

电视胸腔镜手术30例麻醉处理

电视胸腔镜（VATS）创伤小、恢复快，使用日渐增多。我院从2004年12月-2005年6月共进行了30例电视胸腔镜手术，取得了满意的效果，现将麻醉处理报告如下。     

28例单腔静脉留置导管心包引流

心包积液可由多种病因引起,严重者导致心包压塞,危及患者生命。心包穿刺可明确病因诊断,迅速解除心包压力,对反复发生心包积液,采用留置单腔静脉导管治疗,可显著缓解患者症状。1资料与方法1·1一般资料:3年来我院收治大量心包积液患者28例,男性19例,女性9例,年龄38~71岁,平均59