腹腔镜肝癌根治术的热点与未来发展

随着腹腔镜肝切除技术的发展与推广，腹腔镜肝切除中的一些难点，如术中出血的控制、解剖性肝切除、巨大肝癌切除、腹腔镜下联合肝脏分割与门静脉支结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)等方面均基本解决。术中超声与荧光染色技术也得到普及。本文就上述问题做一概述，并对腹腔镜肝切除未来发展提出思路，以进一步推动我国腹腔镜肝切除的技术进步。     

探究呼吸内科护理中重症患者的护理效果观察

目的观察呼吸内科护理中重症患者的护理效果。方法 2016年11月至2017年2月,在我院的呼吸内科选取了80例呼吸系统疾病重症患者进行研究。为了实验结果的明显性,将实验分成了两组。将对照组的40例患者不给予护理措施,只给予治疗和用药,护理措施全凭患者自己的计划去实行。对实验组的40例患者制定护理计划,并且实行相应的护理措施,为患者做出院指导和防护措施,从各个方面进行护理,阻止病情的进一步发展。结果实验组的40例患者的疾病控制情况要比对照组的40例患者效果要好,结果具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论呼吸系统的疾病,一般分为病原菌的侵入和自身的炎症,无论是哪一种,重症患者都会发生呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰等症状。如果护理措施护理得当,患者会缓解呼吸困难导致的缺氧状态,咳嗽症状也会随着痰液的减少而消失。如果没有得当的护理措施,病情会越来越重,甚至会侵害到其他脏器,导致各脏器的衰竭而死亡。     

甲状腺乳头状癌预后因素的研究进展

甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,近年来发病率迅速上升,其中以甲状腺乳头状癌最为多见.尽管甲状腺乳头状癌患者的肿瘤特异性死亡率较低,但仍有部分患者可出现复发甚至远处转移,严重影响患者的生活质量.包括临床特征和分子特征在内的多种因素可影响甲状腺乳头状癌患者的预后,本文综合相关研究,对甲状腺乳头状癌患者的预后因素进行综述,以便于临床评估患者的预后,并根据患者的个体情况制订合理的治疗方案及临床管理策略.     

人格特征对男性喉鳞状细胞癌患者术后近期心理状况的影响

目的 探讨人格特征对喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）患者术后近期心理健康状况的影响。方法 纳入2017年1月—2019年12月在湖北省肿瘤医院行手术治疗的119例男性LSCC患者，术后5~7 d采用SCL-90、SAS、SDS自评量表评估术后心理状态，采用EPQ问卷测评患者的人格特征。多元线性逐步回归方法分析LSCC患者术后近期SAS和SDS评分的影响因素。结果 男性LSCC患者术后SCL-90、SAS、SDS得分显著高于中国常模（P≤0.05），EPQ中精神质（P）量表和神经质（N）量表得分高于中国常模（P<0.01）。男性LSCC患者术后躯体化、强迫、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子得分均显著高于中国常模（P<0.05）。家庭收入、手术方式、术后近期是否行放化疗、P和N人格特征是术后SAS评分的影响因素（均P<0.01）；家庭收入、手术方式、术后近期是否行放化疗和N人格特征是术后SDS评分的影响因素（P<0.01）。结论 LSCC患者术后近期存在抑郁、焦虑等心理障碍；具有P和N人格特征；家庭收入、手术方式、术后近期是否行放化疗以及P和N人格特征是影响术后SAS及SDS评分的独立危险因素。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.