结构光方法在荧光分子断层成像系统的三维轮廓重构中的应用

荧光分子断层成像系统需要获取成像物体的三维表面轮廓,用于荧光团浓度重建的前向模型,本文提出了基于结构光方法的成像物体的三维表面轮廓重构。首先利用8比特格雷码对图像进行编码,再将编码后的图像投射到成像对象,这时经成像物体的三维表面轮廓调制后的图像再通过二值化、解码、插值和轮廓重构等步骤最后输出三维表面轮廓。圆柱物体和小鼠实验表明,该方法可以较好地重构成像物体的三维表面轮廓,并且具有硬件系统简单、易实现等优点。     

应用三维重建测量股骨颈前倾角的计算机方法研究

目的寻求一种测量结果更符合真实前倾角值的测量方法。方法应用计算机重建股骨CT断层图像获得三维模型,将股骨头拟合成球体以确定股骨头中心;然后截取股骨颈区域并重新分割为断层图像,测量每层的体积进行比较以确定股骨颈峡部,从而确定股骨颈中心;经三维模型表面直接选取内、外髁。结果股骨头中心、股骨颈中心的连线即为颈轴线,内、外髁的连线即为髁状轴,根据Billing对前倾角的定义,两线所形成的夹角即为前倾角。结论该研究符合定义法测量,故测量结果更为可信。     

三维超声成像在诊断胎儿唇腭裂上的应用

目的探讨三维超声成像在诊断胎儿唇腭裂上的应用价值。方法对门诊常规及系统产科超声检查发现的74例胎儿唇腭裂畸形进行回顾性分析。结果单纯唇裂16例,约占21.6%,唇裂伴腭裂58例,约占78.4%,其中左侧28例,右侧12例,双侧13例,正中5例。71例三维获得较满意直观的图像,三维显示率为95.9%。结论三维超声能更清晰、直观、准确地显示胎儿唇腭裂的直接征象,是二维超声必要的补充。     

三维超声成像诊断卵巢肿瘤研究进展

三维超声是对二维超声技术的一种补充,能更好地显示组织的解剖特征和空间关系。近年,三维超声成像技术飞速发展,在临床诊断上已取得良好的成效,在卵巢肿瘤诊断中亦起了重要作用。     

遗忘型轻度认知损害患者海马三维磁共振影像特点

Objective To identify the characteristics of hippocampal 3-dimensional MRI in patients diagnosed as having subtypes of amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI)using hippocampal surfacebased analytic technique.Methods Fifry aMCI patients and 16 healthy controls who were equivalent in age and education(NC)were recruited.Every subiect carried out a 3-dimensional MRI scan.After the imaging data were acquired.the borders of the hippocampus were manually traced in coronal vlew using the software of InsightSNAP1.4.1. Hippocampal volume was computed automatically and statistically analysed.Hippocampal 3-dimension MRI were transformed into 3-dimension parametric surface mesh models of 400×200 prids.Hippocampal radial distance measures which was the distance from the surface point to the central axis were statistically compared between two groups.The radial atrophy significance maps were acquired and adjusted for multiple comparisons.Hippocampal morphological difference maps of aMCI in contrast with NC were acquired.Results The average normalized volume of left hippocampus were(3247.5±600.2)mm3 in aMCI patients and(3467.9±451.3)mm3 in NC subjects.The average normalized volume of right hippocampus were(3416.8±699.1)mm3 in aMCI patients and(3469.1±358.9)mm3 in NC subjects.Comparison of hippocampal volume did not differ significantly between aMCI patients and NC subjects(t=1.161,P=0.255;U=0.178,P=0.859).By using hippocampal surface-based morphologic analytic technique,3-dimension hippocampal morphological difference maps between two groups were acquired,showing significant atrophy on the lateral and inferior hippocampal surface which corresponded to CA1 and subiculum hippocampal subfields bilaterally in aMCI patients compared with NC subjects. Conclusions aMCI patients do not have significant volume loss in the hippocampus. Through hippocampal surface-based morphologic analyses, partial regional atrophy of hippocampus at some degree is found, mainly localizing in the lateral and inferior hippocampal regions which correspond to CA1 and subiculum hippocampal subfields bilaterally in aMCI compared with NC. These results may reflect the early image marker in aMCI.     

丰颞求美者颞部三维CT测量分析

目的：分析要求行颞部填充治疗的女性的颅颌面三维结构,为临床治疗提供依据。方法：实验组11例（26～35岁）、对照组20例（28～30岁）,均为女性,行全头颅螺旋CT扫描,在GE工作站上行三维CT骨组织和软组织重建,数据比较后,测量结果行t检验分析。结果：两组面中部软组织和骨组织宽度均没有显著性的差异,甚至翼点间距也没有显著性差异,但在额眶点间距和颞点软组织间距两个测量项目上出现了非常显著的统计学差异。结论：要求颞部充填女性的颞部及额部均有不同程度的狭窄,主要是由于颞部软组织厚度不足与额部骨组织宽度发育不足引起。     

离体冻伤模型创面愈合过程中基质细胞衍生因子1促表皮干细胞迁移的研究

Objective To study the promotion effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) on the migration of epidermal stem cells (ESC) in the healing process of frostbite-wound model ex vivo. Methods A three-dimensional model of full-thickness frostbite of skin was constructed (with slot-like wound) out of skin equivalent. The expression of SDF-1 in wound stroma was observed with immunohisto-chemistry staining on post injury days (PID) 3 and 7. The model frostbite wounds were divided into control group (treated with PBS 50 μL per wound) , SDF-1 group (treated with 100 ng/mL SDF-1, 50 μL per wound) , and AMD3100 group [treated with 100 ng/mL AMD3100 (50 μL per wound) for 30 minutes, and then SDF-1 50 μL was added per wound]. The redistribution of ESC around wound was observed. Results The expression of SDF-1 in wound stroma increased gradually on PID 3 and 7. Compared with those in control and AMD3100 groups, there were more ESC and epithelial cell layers, and more integrin β1-positive cells appeared at the basal layer of wound in SDF-1 group, and some of the positive cells migrated upward to epidermis. Conclusions SDF-1 contributes to wound repair through promoting ESC to migrate toward and gather around wound edge. This may be one of the mechanisms of ESC participating in wound repair.     

《中华普外科手术学杂志（电子版）》对于图表的要求

作者投稿时,原稿中若有图示,每幅图表应单占1页,集中附于文后,分别按其在正文中出现的先后次序连续编码。每幅图应冠有图题。说明性的文字应置于图下方注释中,并在注释中标明图表中使用的全部非公知公用的缩写。线条图应墨绘在白纸上,高宽比例以5：7为宜。以计算机制图者应提供激光打印图样。照片图要求有良好的清晰度和对比度;图中需标注的符号（包括箭头）请用另纸标上,不要直接写在照片上。每幅图的背面应贴上标签,注明图号、方向及作者姓名。     

联合计算机三维仿真技术与手术治疗复杂跟骨骨折临床应用

以46例复杂跟骨骨折患者为研究对象,对患者采取联合计算机三维仿真技术手术治疗。分析其临床疗效。计算机测量术前健侧Bohler角(34.59±3.27)°,患侧Bohler角(8.34±8.23)°,经统计学分析,两侧Bohler角比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经计算机对手术复位进行模拟,其骨折块旋转角度为(28.85±5.43)°,患侧Bohler角恢复至(32.85±4.66)°,与术前健侧Bohler角比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与术前患侧Bohler角比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者均准确复位。对患者进行随访3~12个月,患者均恢复良好。联合计算机三维仿真技术手术治疗复杂跟骨骨折效果较好,是临床上治疗复杂跟骨骨折的新型可靠的方法。     

中下段食管癌三维适形放疗并发放射性肺损伤的相关因素分析

目的:探讨中下段食管癌患者行三维适形放疗(three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT)时的临床物理参数及患者的免疫学指标与发生放射性肺损伤的相关性。方法:收集46例行3DCRT的初治中下段食管癌患者的临床资料,分析年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、TNM分期、双肺体积、是否行同步化疗、放疗总量和布野方式等与发生放射性肺损伤的相关性;采用靶区等剂量曲线和剂量体积直方图(DVH)分析放射性肺损伤患者(RP组)3DCRT的靶区和肺组织剂量参数的变化;比较RP组和非RP组(未发生肺损伤患者)放疗后静脉血中淋巴细胞(LC)数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、T细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+)比例、CD4~+/CD8~+。结果:食管癌肿瘤直径、同步化疗和放疗总量均与放射性肺损伤的发生相关(P0.05);RP组的双肺受照平均剂量(MLD)和肺V25、V20、V5均明显大于非RP组;RP组与非RP组放疗后的LC、CRP以及CD3~+、CD4~+T细胞亚群比例和CD4~+/CD8~+,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),RP组放疗前后LC以及CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞亚群比例和CD4~+/CDD8~+差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:食管癌放疗引起的放射性肺损伤是一个多因素参与的炎性反应病理过程,与放射物理参数和患者的免疫功能有关。