Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

主付钢丝固定法在外伤松动牙上的应用78例分析

目的：评价主付钢丝固定法在外伤松动牙上的临床应用价值。方法：利用主付钢丝固定法，操作简单快捷。固定可靠，对78例外伤所致牙齿松动的牙进行固定法修复。结果：主付钢丝固定法修复牙齿外伤78例，失败6例。结论：主付钢丝固定法临床性能可靠。     

封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染

目的探讨封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染的疗效。方法应用封闭式负压引流治疗开放性骨折发生软组织感染18例。结果18例均获随访,时间6个月-1年6个月。软组织感染均愈合,骨折正常愈合12例,延迟愈合6例,无慢性骨感染发生。结论封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染,可短期控制感染,为进一步治疗创造条件,尤其适用于深部软组织感染患者。手术简单,疗效可靠,适合基层医院应用。     

综合疗法治愈颈部结核1例护理体会

2003年10月我科收治1例颈部结核，患者，男，62岁，为一脑梗塞后遗症病人，表现为颈部两侧胸锁乳突肌处各有一经久不愈合的窦道。大约有1年的时间，窦道深约6cm，直径约1．5cm。我们采用综合疗法，40天治愈病人，现谈一下心得体会。     

跌打膏治疗软组织损伤150例疗效观察

软组织损伤为临床常见多发症 ,笔者自制跌打膏治疗该病患者 15 0例 ,取得了较好疗效 ,现将方法报道如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　患者有外伤史 ,局部肿胀或有瘀血 ,损伤部位有压痛点 ,功能障碍 ,均经X线排除骨折、病史在 7d以内。本组患者 15 0例 ,其中男 98例 ,女 5 2例 ;年龄最大70岁 ,最小 10岁 ;发病时间最短 2 4h ,最长 7d ;肘关节扭伤 10例 ,腕关节扭伤 2 3例 ,膝关节扭伤 2 6例 ,踝关节扭伤5 0例 ,腰肌损伤 41例。1 2　药膏组成　桃仁、红花、乳香、自然铜、三七、冰片。上药研成细末 ,蜜炼为膏。1 3　治疗方法　关节部位 :在伤…     

经导管局部溶栓治疗髂-股静脉血栓:58例回顾性分析

目的　探讨经导管局部溶栓治疗髂 股静脉血栓的效果及临床应用中的有关问题。资料与方法　对 5 8例髂 股静脉血栓形成患者 (病程 <4周 4 5例 ,>4周 13例 ) ,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶 ,尿激酶先团注2 5 0 0 0 0U ,然后以 12 5 0 0 0～ 15 0 0 0 0U/h持续灌注。结果　全组溶栓治疗时间 4～ 5 6h ,平均 36h ,尿激酶用量75 0 0 0 0～ 72 5 0 0 0 0U ,平均 4 70 0 0 0 0U。阻塞段完全开通 (残存狭窄率 <30 % )者 30例 ,部分开通者 2 3例 ,无效 5例 ,有效率达 91.4 %。对残存狭窄率 >30 %的 2 3例 ,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术 (PTA)治疗 ,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。 6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论　经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗髂 股静脉血栓的安全、有效方法。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效     

乳腺癌根治术前局部切除及反复穿刺对其预后相关分析

自1996-2005年在乳腺癌根治术前接受局部切除或反复穿刺活检术组47例患者与60例直接一次根治术组作对比分析，现报告如下：     

奥硝唑局部给药治疗成人牙周炎的疗效观察

牙周病是局部感染性疾病，细胞及其产物是牙周病的重要致病因素，常规的牙周洁治和刮治虽然有效，但在牙周感染过深，牙根形态复杂和根分叉病变情况下其疗效有限，药物应用可起到一定辅助作用，在牙周袋内设置药物，用药量小，药物浓度高。奥硝唑是近期报告的硝基咪唑类新药，已广泛应用于口腔多种疾病治疗。我们制作出奥硝唑药棒治疗成人牙周炎，通     

The Application of Topical Anesthesia Combined with Subconjunctival Anesthesia for Glaucoma Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility, reliability and analgesia effect of topical anesthesia combined with subconjunctival anesthesia in anti-glaucomatous surgery.Methods: Two hundred and four cases (357 eyes) underwent anti-glaucomatous surgeries under topical anesthesia with 0.5％ Alcaine eye drops combined with subconjunctival anesthesia with 2％ Lidocaine. The analgesic effect was analysed with visual analogue pain scale.Results: Among all of 357 eyes, 62 eyes underwent peripheral iridectomy, 67 eyes underwent simple trabeculectomy, 167 eyes underwent compound brabeculectomy and 12 eyes nonpenetrating trabecular surgery. The effects of anesthesia were as follows: 304 eyes (85.2％) were painless (Grade Ⅰ), 50 eyes (14.0％) were slight painful (Grade Ⅱ), and 3 eyes (0.8％) were more painful (Grade Ⅲ) during surgery. And no severe complications were observed in all the cases during surgery and postoperatively. Amaurosis fugax was not observed in the glaucoma patients at the late stage with narrow vi