磁共振血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值分析

颅内动脉瘤是蛛网膜下腔出血的重要病因,是在脑动脉腔内压力增高或先天性缺陷基础上发生的内腔局限性的异常扩大,进而导致动脉壁的瘤状突出[1]。该疾病会导致患者出现呕吐、剧烈头痛、视力障碍等临床症状,如不及时治疗,会导致动脉瘤破裂,引发大出血,引发脑水肿、蛛网膜下腔出血等疾病,甚至危及患者的生命安全。临床上,常用数字减影血管造影(DSA)、磁共振血管造影(MRA)等进行诊断颅内动脉瘤。作为诊断该疾病的金标准,DSA检查不仅可以动态展示血管的充盈情况,还可以对血液循环时间进行计算,从而开展血管内的治疗性操作[2]。     

D-ACT与3D-DSA技术对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值探讨

目的早诊断、早治疗是改善颅内动脉瘤(intracranial aneurysm,LAN)患者预后关键,但临床检查及诊断方法较多,当前尚未明确各方法在LAN中诊断价值。本研究探讨LAN患者实施三维CT血管造影术(three dimensional computerized tomography angiography,3D-CTA)与三维数字减影血管造影术(three dimensional digital subtraction angiography,3D-DSA)临床诊断价值。方法选取河南省儿童医院2015-10-01-2018-10-01收治的80例LAN患者作为研究对象,以检验方法分为研究组和对照组,各40例。研究组实施3D-DSA检查,对照组实施3D-CTA检查,以全脑血管造影为金标准,对两组检出情况、敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值进行评估。结果以全脑血管造影为金标准,研究组阳性检出率及阴性检出率分别为62.50%和37.50%,对照组分别为52.50%和47.50%,两组比较差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.818 4,P=0.365 6。瘤体检出率两组比较,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。研究组检出准确率为92.50%,与对照组的90.00%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.058 2,P=0.809 4;灵敏度为92.00%,与对照组的90.48%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.053 2,P=0.817 6;特异性为93.33%,与对照组的89.47%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.082 1,P=0.956 3;阳性预测值为92.00%,与对照组的90.48%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.520 8,P=0.470 7;阴性预测值为93.33%,与对照组的89.47%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.965 1,P=0.325 9。结论 LAN患者实施3D-CTA和3D-DSA技术诊断均有显著价值,临床可根据患者病情、治疗需求及实际需求选择合适诊断方法。     

主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术

主动脉的扩张性疾病可分为真性动脉瘤、动脉夹层（aortic dissection，AD）和假性动脉瘤。随着这类疾病发病率和检出率逐年提高，人们对它们的关注程度也不断提高。如何治疗他们，成为摆在临床医生面前的难题。1991年，Parodi率先报告了支架-人造血管复合体（直型）在腹主动脉瘤治疗中的应用，成为腔内血管治疗历史上的一个里程碑。随着医疗器械的不断发展、技术的不断完善、经验的不断积累总结，微创、安全的腔内隔绝术在主动脉扩张性疾病中的治疗中得到广泛的认可，并在全球范围内迅速推广。     

钝性创伤致肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤一例

1病历资料患者女,46岁,2个月前因交通伤致腹部受伤,于当地医院腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,行保守治疗后出现腹胀、腹痛、左下腹渐增性肿块。体检:贫血貌,左下腹可见一20cm×15cm包块,边界不清,有触痛,无搏动及血管杂音,肠鸣音弱。辅助检查:血红蛋白56g/L,红细胞2.3×1012/L。B超见左下腹有一不规则囊实性肿块,内部回声不均。彩色多普勒超声提示瘤腔内呈涡流的彩色血流信号,破口约0.8cm。CT提示左下腹包块,强化期包块内含造影剂血溢出,向下蔓延形成洋葱层样外观。CT血管成像(CTA)提示肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤。治疗时先采用介入方法,经股动脉…     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

神经病、神经外科和精神病学杂志

严重脑损伤后17年的社会心理调整;由琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDHA）黄素蛋白（Fp）亚单位突变所致Leigh综合征;动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期循环中的内皮细胞激活标记物水平：与脑缺血事件和预后的关系;CSF前列腺素E2水平与认知功能下降和阿尔茨海默病存活率的关系；变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病患者的CSF磷酸-tau蛋白浓度升高：诊断和病理学意义。     

18例主动脉置换术后监测治疗的体会

主动脉夹层（aortic dissection,AD）是心血管系统的急症,病情变化快,死亡率极高,未就诊的患者50%于2 d内死亡,70%于7 d内死亡.除内科保守治疗外,外科手术是最主要的治疗手段,关于AD的术后监测治疗资料报道较少,现将我院18例患者术后治疗体会进行总结.     

颅内动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨应用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。方法2002年6月-2004年6月我们采用GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤126例(其中4例有2个动脉瘤,共130个)。前交通动脉瘤42个,后交通动脉瘤53个,颈内动脉瘤6个,大脑中动脉瘤10个,大脑后动脉瘤8个,大脑前动脉瘤6个,小脑后下动脉瘤2个;基底动脉瘤3个。按Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅰ级38例,Ⅱ级54例,Ⅲ级23例,Ⅳ级11例。必要时辅以篮筐技术、重塑技术、支架技术、双微导管或连环技术、蚕食技术。结果成功栓塞126例动脉瘤,其中103例为100%栓塞,21例为95%,2例为90%。12例在栓塞后6~18个月进行造影随访,所栓塞动脉瘤均未见复发征象。结论GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤是安全、有效和微创的治疗手段。联合运用多种栓塞技术有助于减少术后并发症,提高治愈率。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

一、资料与方法 男7例，女4例，年龄32～68岁，平均48岁。均表现为突发的渐进性头痛，无意识丧失及局灶性神经症状。其中8例出现呕吐、颈抵抗（＋）。所有病人均于发病30min-36h经CT平扫检查发现SAH，按Hunt—Hess分级：Ⅰ级9例，Ⅱ级2例。出血部位主要在中脑周围，以环池为主，有时向周边脑池扩张，出血量较少且较局限。11例病人均在入院2周内行第一次DSA检查，结果呈阴性，2—4周后DSA复查，仍为阴性结果。所有病人入院后予以降颅压、抗血管痉挛等对症治疗。