Assessment of pharmacy students' communication competence using the Roter Interaction Analysis System during objective structured clinical examinations

Objective

To determine the value of using the Roter Interaction Analysis System during objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) to assess pharmacy students'' communication competence.

Methods

As pharmacy students completed a clinical OSCE involving an interview with a simulated patient, 3 experts used a global rating scale to assess students'' overall performance in the interview, and both the student''s and patient''s languages were coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). The coders recorded the number of utterances (ie, units of spoken language) in each RIAS category. Correlations between the raters'' scores and the number and types of utterances were examined.

Results

There was a significant correlation between students'' global rating scores on the OSCE and the number of utterances in the RIAS socio-emotional category but not the RIAS business category.

Conclusions

The RIAS proved to be a useful tool for assessing the socio-emotional aspect of students'' interview skills.     

Characterizing the Phase-Structure and Rheological Response-Behavior of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Asphalt-Binder

In this study, the phase-structure and rheological response-behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) modified asphalt-binder (MWCNTs-MA) were measured and quantified in the laboratory. The changes in the molecular dynamics due to MWCNTs modification were simulated and quantified based on the intermolecular interaction energy computations, electrostatic potential surface analyses and phase-structure modeling of the asphalt-binder matrix. The rheological properties such as the asphalt-binder viscosity and complex modulus, of both the base and modified asphalt-binders, were determined using the standard Brookfield viscometer (BV) and dynamic shear rheology (DSR) test devices, respectively. In comparison to the base asphalt-binder, the corresponding BV-DSR test results exhibited higher viscosity and complex modulus for the MWCNTs modified asphalt-binder, with reduced sensitivity and susceptibility to temperature variations. From the study results, it was observed that MWCNTs significantly improved the rheological properties and high-temperature performance of the asphalt-binder. Overall, the study has demonstrated that MWCNT modified asphalt-binder has great promising potential for application and usage as a road-pavement material, particularly with respect to mitigating the high temperature related distresses such as rutting.     

虚拟仿真实验在医学微生物实验混合式教学中的应用

该研究采用线上虚拟仿真实验教学系统结合传统教学,与单纯传统教学和线上虚拟教学比较,初步探索虚拟仿真实验教学在医学微生物实验混合式教学中应用的可行性.选取在校348名学生作为传统教学组、448名学生作为虚拟教学组和127名学生作为混合教学组,课程完成后向学生发放问卷进行教学效果调查.超过80％的学生对混合式实验教学效果持...     

Dosimetric effect of set-up error in accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy for head and neck cancer

The dosimetric effect of set-up error in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for head and neck cancer remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the tendency of dose error by treatment location when simulating the set-up error of patients. We also determined the tolerance level of the set-up error in BNCT for head and neck cancer. As a method, the distal direction was shifted with an interval of 2.5 mm, from 0.0 mm to +20.0 mm and compared with the dose at the reference position. Similarly, the horizontal direction and vertical direction were shifted, with an interval of 5.0 mm, from −20.0 mm to +20.0 mm. In addition, cases with 3.0 mm and 5.0 mm simultaneous shifts in all directions were analyzed as the worst-case scenario. The dose metrics of the minimum dose of the tumor and the maximum dose of the mucosa were evaluated. From unidirectional set-up error analysis, in most cases, the set-up errors with dose errors within ±5% were Δdistal < +2.5 mm, Δhorizontal < ±5.0 mm and Δvertical < ±5.0 mm. In the simulation of 3.0 mm shifts in all directions, the errors in the minimum tumor dose and maximum mucosal dose were −3.6% ±1.4% (range, −5.4% to −0.6%) and 2% ±1.4% (range, 0.4% to 4.5%), respectively. From these results, if the set-up error was within ±3.0 mm in each direction, the dose errors of the tumor and mucosa could be suppressed within approximately ±5%, which is suggested as a tolerance level.     

基于虚拟切片的体视学模型仿真与分析

目的 建立虚拟组织切片的体视学模型,并以软件系统作为实现手段,模拟虚拟切片过程,为体视学的理论提供一个客观实证工具.方法 以数学手段描述组织切片可能出现的二维形态特征,模拟切片过程,将所得到的数据进行数值分析,与经验公式进行了拟合比较.结果 基于此算法可实现虚拟随机模拟切片,经拟合优度检验数据分布的均匀性检验通过率达94.5％以上.独立性检验通过率达92％以上.且均符合正态性要求.经线性和曲线拟合能够得到与经验公式相一致的体视学参数相关关系.结论 本文所述算法具有可行性,可以反映数值模拟结果的正确性.     

Fuzzy Simulation of Pharmacokinetic Models: Case Study of Whole Body Physiologically Based Model of Diazepam

The aim of the present study is to develop and implement a methodology that accounts for parameter variability and uncertainty in the presence of qualitative and semi-quantitative information (fuzzy simulations) as well as when some parameters are better quantitatively defined than others (fuzzy-probabilistic approach). The fuzzy simulations method consists of (i) representing parameter uncertainty and variability by fuzzy numbers and (ii) simulating predictions by solving the pharmacokinetic model. The fuzzy-probabilistic approach includes an additional transformation between fuzzy numbers and probability density functions. To illustrate the proposed method a diazepam WBPBPK model was used where the information for hepatic intrinsic clearance determined by in vitro-in vivo scaling was semi-quantitative. The predicted concentration time profiles were compared with those resulting from a Monte Carlo simulation. Fuzzy simulations can be used as an alternative to Monte Carlo simulation.     

CFD仿真动脉阻塞的研究

通过CFD仿真动脉内一硬斑部分阻塞的血液流动特性,与理论计算值进行比较研究。对CFD应用于医学领域进行了初步的探讨性研究。     

T1WI_Star_VIBE_FS序列在头颈部放疗MR定位中扫描方法研究

目的:对比分析T 1WI_Star_VIBE_FS序列在头颈部肿瘤患者MR定位中不同扫描方式对图像质量、信噪比、对比噪声比等参数的影响,确定优选扫描方式。 方法:回顾性分析78例头颈部MR定位患者,分别采用组织补偿法(A组23例)、分段扫描拼接法(B组18例)和二者结合法(C组37例)进行增强扫描...     

药效学相互作用的定量计算方法与模拟研究

目的:建立一种药效学相互作用的定量计算方法和模拟方法,用以分析复方的配伍规律。方法:根据复方的组分数,采用相应的正交设计;1水平为"高剂量,"2水平为"低剂量"。并用一个实例对此模型进行了考证;模拟偏倚由两种散点图结合评价。结果:本法可计算各组分不同剂量水平对复方药效贡献大小,从而确定最佳的组方;还可分析各配伍组的相互作用性质和交互效应;采用的复方效应模型,可对不同剂量水平组合的复方进行药效模拟,由散点图来评价预测的准确程度。结论:本法将定量分析方法和计算机模拟相结合,具有可行性,能为同类研究和二次文献分析等提供一个新的方法。