螺钉内固定、股骨头置换与全髋关节置换治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较螺钉内固定术、股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2013年5月—2018年5月长治医学院附属和平医院骨科280例老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同分为3组,其中行螺钉内固定术76例为A组,男32例、女44例,年龄(70.95 ±8.24)岁;行股骨头置换术92例为B组,男40例、女52例,年龄(72.84 ±9.14)岁;行THA 112例为C组,男59例、女53例,年龄(73.05 ±7.21)岁。比较三组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症发生情况及术后12个月髋关节功能Harris评分。结果 A组术中出血量、手术时间及骨折愈合时间分别为(95.05±20.14)mL、(47.06±10.14)min、(6.64±1.74)个月,B组分别为(208.74±60.15)mL、(82.55±15.47)min、(5.01±1.25)个月,C组分别为(337.69±85.13)mL、(97.85±12.04)min、(4.36±1.04)个月。术中出血量和手术时间比较,B组、C组均大于A组,C组大于B组;骨折愈合时间比较,B组、C组均短于A组,C组短于B组:差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。3组患者均获随访,随访时间12~60(39.45±8.25)个月。三组间并发症发生率比较,B组(20.65%,19/92)、C组(16.07%,18/112)均小于A组(38.16%,29/76),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),而C组与B组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。术后12个月采用Harris评分评定髋关节功能,A组、B组、C组优良率分别为63.14%(48/76)、75.00%(69/92)、83.93%(94/112),C组优良率明显高于A组(P＜0.05),而B组与A组、C组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 对老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者,应综合考虑患者身体耐受程度、个人意愿等因素,选择合适且安全的手术方式。对身体状况相对较好,且对活动能力要求较高的患者,可采取THA,该术式的疗效优于股骨头置换术与加压螺钉内固定术。     

后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的临床效果比较

目的 比较后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿的临床效果。方法 回顾分析2017年1月~2018年6月在我院治疗的124例乳糜尿患者临床资料,根据手术方式分为观察组和对照组,各62例。对照组行开放手术肾蒂淋巴管结扎术,观察组采用后腹腔镜治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、手术出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、术后并发症及复发情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率为1.61%、复发率为0,均低于对照组的11.29%、4.83%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 后腹腔镜行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿具有创伤小、患者恢复快、并发症少、复发率低等优点,应用效果较好。     

Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates

The sacrum occupies a functionally important anatomical position as part of the pelvic girdle and vertebral column. Sacral orientation and external morphology in modern humans are distinct from those in other primates and compatible with the demands of habitual bipedal locomotion. Among nonhuman primates, however, how sacral anatomy relates to positional behaviors is less clear. As an alternative to evaluation of the sacrum's external morphology, this study assesses if the sacrum's internal morphology (i.e., trabecular bone) differs among extant primates. The primary hypothesis tested is that trabecular bone parameters with established functional relevance will differ in the first sacral vertebra (S1) among extant primates that vary in positional behaviors. Results for analyses of individual variables demonstrate that bone volume fraction, degree of anisotropy, trabecular number, and size-corrected trabecular thickness differ among primates grouped by positional behaviors to some extent, but not always in ways consistent with functional expectations. When examined as a suite, these trabecular parameters distinguish obligate bipeds from other positional behavior groups; and, the latter three trabecular bone variables further distinguish knuckle-walking terrestrial quadrupeds from manual suspensor-brachiators, vertical clingers and leapers, and arboreal quadrupeds, as well as between arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds. As in other regions of the skeleton in modern humans, trabecular bone in S1 exhibits distinctively low bone volume fraction. Results from this study of extant primate S1 trabecular bone structural variation provide a functional context for interpretations concerning the positional behaviors of extinct primates based on internal sacral morphology. Anat Rec, 302:1354–1371, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

骨钉和脱钙骨在骨创伤和骨缺损中的应用

目的：探讨同种异体冻干骨钉固定关节内骨折和脱钙骨移植治疗骨缺损的实用价值。方法：应用骨钉治疗关节内骨折７例，其中股骨头骨折４例，距骨骨折１例，内踝骨折２例；应用脱钙骨皮质骨条、松质骨粒移植治疗四肢骨折骨不连６例、骨良性病变切除术后骨缺损６例。结果：术后随访３～１２个月，骨钉固定者８个月后骨钉与宿主骨融合，脱钙骨皮质骨条和松质骨粒植骨者２～６个月愈合，无一例发生免疫排斥反应，近期效果满意。结论：认为骨钉为临床治疗关节内骨折提供了一种新的内固定材料，避免再次手术取内固定物，脱钙骨皮质骨条或骨粒适宜于骨不连和骨缺损的填充植骨治疗。     

A new balloon catheter for selective cerebral perfusion

Selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) is a better method than hypothermic circulatory arrest for brain protection in aortic arch surgery because of fewer time limitations; however; it is more troublesome during surgery. We developed a new catheter for SCP, the SP Stud catheter, with a rib-surface balloon to reduce slipping to eliminate the need for snaring or clamping. To evaluate the slipping resistance of the new catheter, we compared it with two different balloon catheters; a Foley balloon catheter with a smooth-surface balloon as long as the SP Stud catheter, and a Retro-TH catheter with a smooth-surface balloon of discoid shape half as long as the SP Stud catheter. The “draw-strength”, which refers to the slipping resistance, was measured in 20 autopsy carotid arteries in the three groups. The average draw-strengths of SP Stud catheter, foley balloon catheter, and Retro-TH catheter were 92.3±4.0, 20.8 ±1.5, and 17.9±0.8g, respectively, in sclerotic carotid arteries. The SP Stud catheter demonstrated approximately four times more resistance to slipping than the Foley balloon or Retro-TH catheters. The SP Stud catheter demonstrated a higher slipping resistance than conventional catheters, which may allow selective cerebral perfusion without snaring or clamping the carotid arteries, minimize the change of cerebral embolism, and clear the operative field.     

空心螺钉结合带线锚钉治疗青少年股骨小粗隆骨折的疗效

目的 评价空心螺钉结合带线锚钉治疗青少年股骨小粗隆骨折的疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年6月至2014年2月解放军第180医院采用空心螺钉结合带线锚钉治疗青少年股骨小粗隆骨折并接受随访的8例患者临床资料.随访时间12 ～ 25个月,平均(14.3±4.4)个月,随访内容包括临床疗效及放射学评价.疗效评价:并发症及术后12个月Sanders髋关节功能评分;放射学评估:根据X线片判断骨折端位置、愈合情况及股骨近端骨骺发育.结果 骨折愈合时间8～ 12周,平均(10.3±2.1)周.术后切口一期愈合,无软组织及骨骼感染,无内固定松动及断裂,未见股骨近端骨骺发育异常,未出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状.本组Sanders髋关节功能评分均为优秀(60分).结论 空心螺钉结合带线锚钉治疗青少年股骨小粗隆骨折,可使骨折端得到理想复位及牢固固定,并发症少,骨折端愈合快,疗效满意.     

Improved plainfilm diagnosis of right aortic arch anomalies with high kilovoltage-selective filtration-magnification technique

In the pediatric patient, the presence of a right aortic arch is an important roentgen observation. It may be associated with vascular rings and cyanotic heart disease and may complicate the repair of tracheoesophageal fistula. It may be missed on conventional low KVP radiographs but is easily detected on high kilovoltage-filtered films with air gap magnification.     

Successful open stent grafting of a right aortic arch and a descending aortic aneurysm originating from a Kommerell's diverticulum: report of a case

The case of a 43-year-old man found to have an aneurysm developing from a Kommerell's diverticulum at the origin of an aberrant retroesophageal left subclavian artery is reported herein. The aneurysm was treated by the open stent grafting technique and complete revascularization was achieved. Received: February 8, 2001 / Accepted: September 11, 2001     

Persistent truncus arteriosus: Pathologic anatomy in 54 cases

Summary Fifty-four specimens of heart with persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) were reviewed anatomically. According to the Collett-Edwards classification [11] there were 28 examples of type I and 26 type II. The sex distribution was equal. The number of the truncal cusps ranged from one to four (42% tricuspid, 30% bicuspid, 24% quadricuspid, and 4% unicommissural). A unicommissural truncal valve has not been previously reported. In 72% of cases, the truncal valve leaflets were thickened or dysplastic. Two valves were stenotic. The truncus arteriosus originated from both ventricles equally in 42% of the cases, predominantly from the right ventricle in 42%, and predominantly from the left ventricle in 16% of the cases. In unoperated cases of PTA originating predominantly from the right ventricle, it appeared to us that usual operative correction might result in left ventricular outflow obstruction. Variations in coronary arterial origins and patterns were present in nearly half of the cases. A single coronary artery was observed in ten cases (18.5%). Stenosis of the ostium of one coronary artery was seen in each of four cases (7%). High posterior origin of the left coronary artery was observed in ten cases (18.5%). Among the associated cardiovascular anomalies, the most common were right aortic arch (36%) and interruption of the aortic arch (11%). Three cases with the latter condition exhibited crossed pulmonary arteries. Isolated cases with tricuspid atresia, vascular sling (left pulmonary artery arising from right pulmonary artery), and persistent common atrioventricular canal were encountered.