葛根素配合穴位中频电刺激及利百素凝胶对椎动脉型颈椎病的治疗作用

目的:探讨葛根素静脉滴注配合中频电及利百素凝胶综合治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的协同疗效。方法:将83例椎动脉型颈椎病患者随机分为观察组43例和对照组40例,2组均进行葛根素静脉滴注,观察组另加用颈项部中频电治疗及利百素凝胶颈部涂抹,共治疗10天。治疗前后采用《颈性眩晕症状与功能评估量表》进行疗效评定。结果:2组治疗后症状与功能评估总分值均提高(t=-40.065,P<0.001和t=-36.428,P<0.001),但观察组改善指数明显大于对照组(t=-9.263,P<0.001)。结论:葛根素静脉滴注配合中频电及利百素凝胶综合治疗椎动脉型颈椎病疗效明显优于单纯葛根素静脉滴注。     

动力髋螺钉和锁定钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)和锁定钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法将50例老年股骨转子间骨折患者根据随机数字表法分为锁定钢板组(25例)和DHS组(25例),比较两组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、Barthel生活指数、骨折愈合时间、肢体短缩程度、疗效及术后并发症情况。结果两组患者术后均获随访,时间6~12个月。髋关节功能Harris评分:锁定钢板组优14例,良9例,可2例,差0例,优良率23/25;DHS组优9例,良13例,可2例,差1例,优良率22/25;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组住院时间、Barthel生活指数、术后并发症情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。锁定钢板组患者在手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量、骨折愈合时间、肢体短缩程度方面与优于DHS组(P0.05)。结论 DHS和锁定钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折均疗效显著,但锁定钢板内固定具有切口小、出血少、手术时间短等优点。     

空心加压螺钉内固定治疗锁骨骨折

<正>2012年1月~2012年11月,我科采用空心加压螺钉和重建钢板内固定两种方法治疗50例锁骨骨折患者,现报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组50例,男28例,女22例,年龄21~53岁,均为锁骨中1/3闭合骨折:短斜形骨折28例,横形骨折22例。分为两组:1空心加压螺钉组25例,男15例,女10例,年龄     

Compression screw fixation without bone grafting for scaphoid fibrous nonunion

Purpose

Bone graft is often recommended as an adjuvant for treatment of scaphoid nonunions. However, recent literature has suggested that fibrous nonunion may be suited to treatment with rigid fixation without bone grafting. This work reported on outcomes of compression screw fixation for established scaphoid fibrous nonunions without bone graft.

Methods

Fourteen patients underwent surgical compression screw fixation without bone grafting of scaphoid fibrous nonunion between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012, with minimum follow-up until the time of clinical and radiographic healing. Fibrous nonunion of the scaphoid was defined as a scaphoid fracture with all of the following features: (1) persistent tenderness, (2) incomplete trabecular bridging on three X-ray views, (3) injury that had occurred at a minimum of 6 months prior to surgery, and (4) identification of fibrous union at the time of surgery. Outcomes were assessed with range of motion assessment, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, and plain radiographs.

Results

Twelve of the 14 patients healed successfully, while two patients required secondary vascularized bone grafting. Both unhealed patients sustained proximal pole fractures and had a duration of ≥1 year from injury to surgery. Average time to healing was 4.4 ± 2.0 months. Average flexion was 73 ± 22° and average extension was 66 ± 22° postoperatively. Average grip strength was 90 ± 25 lbs on the operative side. Mean postoperative pain score was 1.4 (range, 0 to 7). Mean postoperative DASH score was 10.2 (range, 0 to 52). Increasing age and an interval from injury to surgery of >1 year correlated with worse DASH and pain scores.

Conclusions

Patients with fibrous scaphoid nonunion demonstrated good results with rigid fixation without bone grafting. Increasing age and >1-year interval between injury and surgery resulted in lower self-assessed outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic Level IV, retrospective case series     

胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根椎体内植骨术后伤椎愈合情况的对比

目的研究胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根植骨术后伤椎愈合的方式及影响因素。方法本次研究纳入自2011-01-2013-01诊治的74例具有完整随访结果的患者,采用经椎弓根植骨36例,同期未经椎弓根植骨38例。依据脊柱骨折负荷分享分级、笔者设计的椎体轴位9分区法明确骨折损伤程度、骨折复位及伤椎植骨情况、骨折愈合及伤椎植骨愈合情况。结果术后随访16~24个月,平均20个月。未植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计21.1%。植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计24.1%。结论胸腰椎骨折后伤椎经椎弓根植骨术中可撬拨复位塌陷及碎裂的上终板,减少髓核组织的突入发生,形成椎体内有效的可填充空腔,便于椎体内充分植骨,形成利于骨细胞爬行替代的框架结构,减少晚期上终板的塌陷及椎体内空洞的形成。     

Length Matters: Short Base-Plate Angle Guides May Lead to Guide-Wire Mal-Positioning When Inserting a DHS. A Radiographic Modeling Study

The dynamic hip screw (DHS) consists of a barrel-plate fixed to the relatively-straight proximal femoral shaft, and a screw which slides within the barrel at a fixed angle, usually 135°. The guide-wire is inserted using a guide at the set angle. Guide design varies between manufacturers, with some new guides being particularly short. We analysed the impact of guide design on the resulting trajectory of the guidewire, and its potential to cause a surgical error. Twenty AP hip radiographs were analysed. Trauma Cad (Brainlab, Munich, Germany) software was used to template a 4-hole 135° DHS onto the intact femur with the screw positioned in the center of the head. A template of a Stryker (Michigan, USA) 135° DHS guide (37 mm long) was then overlaid at the hip screw entry point, and the set trajectory marked. The divergence between the two trajectories was measured (α angle). The distance the guide would have to be moved inferiorly to attain the correct position in the head was then noted. The median divergence (α angle) caused by the guide relative to the ideal position was 6° (range 2–12). This led to the guidewire placement being a median of 9.1 mm (range 3–23) superior in the head (β).To achieve the correct position of the wire in the head, the guide needed to be moved inferiorly a median of 8 mm (range 2–10). © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:574–577, 2020