峡部植骨修复拉力螺钉张力带固定治疗青少年下腰椎峡部裂

目的　探讨青少年下腰椎峡部裂的治疗中直接峡部植骨修复拉力螺钉张力带固定手术方法及其价值。　方法　共 12例 ,年龄范围 12 0～ 2 6 0岁 ,平均 18 4岁。术中暴露峡部并清理缺损区的纤维组织 ,分别切除两侧 1 0～ 2 0mm骨质 ,暴露新鲜骨界面 ,间隙内植入髂骨块 ,以椎板下缘中线旁开 8mm为进钉点 ,向头端和外侧各 30°倾斜安装长度 35 0～ 4 5 0mm ,直径 3 5mm钛质拉力螺钉 ,穿越峡部缺损和植骨块直至穿透椎弓根的外上缘皮质并紧固。峡部缺损表面植入条状植骨条 ,采用高强度尼龙线在螺钉尾部和横突基底部间形成张力带结构 ,关闭切口并留置负压引流。手术后石膏腰围固定 2个月。　结果　手术平均时间为 (10± 5 5 )min ,失血量为 170ml,术后随访 12～ 36个月 ,平均 17个月 ,所有修复的 2 2个峡部均在术后 3个月愈合。　结论　峡部植骨修复拉力螺钉张力带固定治疗青少年下腰椎峡部裂是一种简单、安全、可靠的术式 ,结合了生物力学和生物学过程 ,具有创伤小和保留病变节段运动功能的优点。     

The stabilizing potential of anterior, posterior and combined techniques for the reconstruction of a 2-level cervical corpectomy model: biomechanical study and first results of ATPS prototyping

Clinical studies reported frequent failure with anterior instrumented multilevel cervical corpectomies. Hence, posterior augmentation was recommended but necessitates a second approach. Thus, an author group evaluated the feasibility, pull-out characteristics, and accuracy of anterior transpedicular screw (ATPS) fixation. Although first success with clinical application of ATPS has already been reported, no data exist on biomechanical characteristics of an ATPS-plate system enabling transpedicular end-level fixation in advanced instabilities. Therefore, we evaluated biomechanical qualities of an ATPS prototype C4–C7 for reduction of range of motion (ROM) and primary stability in a non-destructive setup among five constructs: anterior plate, posterior all-lateral mass screw construct, posterior construct with lateral mass screws C5 + C6 and end-level fixation using pedicle screws unilaterally or bilaterally, and a 360° construct. 12 human spines C3–T1 were divided into two groups. Four constructs were tested in group 1 and three in group 2; the ATPS prototypes were tested in both groups. Specimens were subjected to flexibility test in a spine motion tester at intact state and after 2-level corpectomy C5–C6 with subsequent reconstruction using a distractable cage and one of the osteosynthesis mentioned above. ROM in flexion–extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending was reported as normalized values. All instrumentations but the anterior plate showed significant reduction of ROM for all directions compared to the intact state. The 360° construct outperformed all others in terms of reducing ROM. While there were no significant differences between the 360° and posterior constructs in flexion–extension and lateral bending, the 360° constructs were significantly more stable in axial rotation. Concerning primary stability of ATPS prototypes, there were no significant differences compared to posterior-only constructs in flexion–extension and axial rotation. The 360° construct showed significant differences to the ATPS prototypes in flexion–extension, while no significant differences existed in axial rotation. But in lateral bending, the ATPS prototype and the anterior plate performed significantly worse than the posterior constructs. ATPS was shown to confer increased primary stability compared to the anterior plate in flexion–extension and axial rotation with the latter yielding significance. We showed that primary stability after 2-level corpectomy reconstruction using ATPS prototypes compared favorably to posterior systems and superior to anterior plates. From the biomechanical point, the 360° instrumentation was shown the most efficient for reconstruction of 2-level corpectomies. Further studies will elucidate whether fatigue testing will enhance the benefit of transpedicular anchorage with posterior constructs and ATPS.     

Systematic effects of surgical treatment of hip fractures: Gliding screw-plating vs intramedullary nailing

Aim

Numerous studies have been published regarding the comparison between intramedullary nail and the dynamic hip screw and plate for the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. In this paper we present a comparative study of these two methods regarding their systemic effects on this group of patients.

Materials-methods

This is a randomized trial of 120 consecutive patients with an intertrochanteric fracture treated with either extramedullary fixation (dynamic hip screw and plate; DHS, Synthes-Stratec, Oberdorf, Switzerland) or intramedullary nail (Gamma nail, Stryker Howmedica, Freiburg, Germany and Endovis BA, Citieffe, Bologna, Italy).The parameters that we assessed pre-operatively, in addition to their demographics, included their mental state (MMSE), their nutritional and immune state and their pulmonary function. Intra-operatively we calculated the amount of radiation exposure, the amount of blood loss and the length of operative time for each procedure. Postoperatively we repeated the calculation of the mental and pulmonary state and the blood loss, during days 1, 3, and 10 and related them to the ease of the patient's mobilization.

Results

Decreased bleeding and post-operative pain, reduced post-operative morbidity and faster recovery of function were better but not significant in the group of intramedullary fixation (all p > 0.05). However, in the same group there were slightly more patients in whom the MMSE was falling, together with their pulmonary function, suggesting that this method probably predisposes to higher chances of pulmonary dysfunction and the possibility of pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion

We found no significant differences between the two methods of stabilization of these fractures regarding their systemic effects perioperatively. The classic dynamic hip screw can preserve its position as a safe and effective solution for these already vulnerable patients having sustained a trochanteric fracture against the novel intramedullary techniques.     

颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损

目的：探讨应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损的方法。方法：对10例眉额部皮肤缺损的患者,应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复。结果：10例患者皮瓣全部成活,颜色、质地与正常额部皮肤相似,效果满意。结论：应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损是一种简单、可行的方法。     

Posterior scoliosis correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using side-opening pedicle screw-rod system utilizing the axial translation technique

Background:

Though adequate literature is present depicting the results of pedicle screw-rod instrumentation using top loading systems for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), using the rod rotation technique, few published data is available regarding side loading systems used for a similar purpose. We report a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with strict inclusion criteria who underwent surgical correction of AIS with side-opening pedicle screw-rod posterior instrumentation using the axial translation technique of curve correction to assess the efficacy of side opening system for scoliosis correction with regards to patient satisfaction, Cobb''s angle correction and spinal balance.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical and radiological outcomes were measured in 14 consecutive patients (3 males, 11 females) with an average age of 14.0 years (range 9 to 23 years). They were followed up for an average period of 13.0 months (range – 2.2 to 28.5). All patients underwent posterior instrumentation only with pedicle screws used as anchor points. Hybrid constructs using hooks/wires or curves requiring anterior release were excluded from the study. All levels were not instrumented – more screws were put on the concavity and in the peri-apical region. Radiological evaluation was done by whole spine standing AP, lateral radiograms preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 and12 months after surgery. Cobb''s angles were measured and the spinal balance was noted. Clinical evaluation was done by SRS questionnaire. The complications were documented.

Results:

The mean preoperative Cobb''s angle was 58.35° (range – 44 to 72°), which came down postoperatively to 23.45° (range – 10 to 38°) signifying a mean correction of 59.57% (range – 26.92 to 76.17%). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the SRS – 30 questionnaires. The values of mean pre- and postoperative scores are 3.68 and 4.18, showing an improvement of 0.5 points. Other than one patient of superficial wound infection, which healed with antibiotics, there was no major complication. No patient had neurological deterioration.

Conclusion:

Side-opening spinal instrumentation systems, using the axial translation technique, achieved good clinical and radiological outcome for patients of AIS.     

Multiple osseous involvements in a case of disseminated cryptococcosis

Osseous involvement occurs in 5–10% of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis. We are reporting an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcosis involving the sternum and lumbar vertebra with the formation of psoas abscess with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient presented with fever for 3 months. A diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made on thoracic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and she was put on antituberculosis treatment. She was immunocompetent with negative human immunodeficiency virus. She conceived subsequently and had complaints of backache and swelling over the sternum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of L5 vertebra with psoas abscess. Vertebral cryptococcosis may mimic tuberculosis and malignancy. She had a bad obstetric history and experienced five, first-trimester spontaneous abortions in each successive year since 2001. This pregnancy again resulted in spontaneous abortion. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from two different sites: pus-involving the sternum and ultrasound-guided psoas abscess aspirate. Serum latex agglutination test for cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was positive. The diagnosis of cryptococcosis was delayed because the patient was diagnosed as a case of pulmonary tuberculosis, wherein clinical signs, symptoms and radiological findings in both the conditions are similar. Amphotericin B was started but she developed varicella infection and expired due to cardiac failure.     

后腹腔镜肾切除术肾蒂血管处理方法探讨 (附39例报告)

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术中用腔内直线切割器(Endo-cut)和威克外科结扎锁(Hem-o-lok)处理肾蒂血管的安全有效性、经济性及优越性。方法:回顾性分析行后腹腔镜肾切除术39例,包括单纯性肾切除23例,根治性肾切除11例,肾输尿管全切除5例;其中用Endo-cut同时处理肾动、静脉18例,用Hem-o-lok分别处理肾动、静脉21例。结果:手术均获得成功,均未中转开放手术。1例Endo-cut离断肾动、静脉后残端严重渗血,近心端加用2个钛夹夹闭后未再渗血,其他处理肾蒂血管均顺利,术中、术后均未出现血管并发症。手术时间136～220min,平均160min;术中估计出血量60～320ml,平均125ml;腹膜后引流管于术后2～3天拔除,术后住院时间5～9天。结论:后腹腔镜肾切除术中用Endo-cut和Hem-o-lok处理肾蒂血管均安全有效,但Hem-o-lok更经济、便捷;对于肾蒂粘连严重,肾动、静脉无法游离者,用Endo-cut有优越性。     

Herbert螺钉治疗Pipkin''''s骨折

目的评价Herbert螺钉治疗髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折（Pipkin’s骨折）的疗效。方法1994年4月至2006年4月，应用Herbert螺钉经Gibson入路治疗此类患者共11例。据Pipkin’s分型，Ⅰ型3例，Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型1例，Ⅳ型3例。结果11例均获得随访，随访时间6个月～12年。采用Epstein评分方法，优3例，良5例，可2例，差1例，优良率72．7％。结论Herbert螺钉提供牢固的内固定，对关节软骨损伤小，是Pipkin’s骨折较理想的内固定材料。     

椎体后凸成形术与保守治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的对比研究

目的通过临床对比研究分析椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法 2006年3月-2007年8月,收治60例骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者。其中40例选择椎体后凸成形术治疗(试验组),20例选择保守治疗(对照组)。试验组:男6例,女34例;年龄56～78岁,平均68.7岁。病程10～18个月,平均12个月。骨折涉及73个椎体。对照组:男5例,女15例;年龄57～80岁,平均70.1岁。病程9～16个月,平均13个月。骨折涉及41个椎体。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、欧洲脊柱骨质疏松症研究(EVOS)问卷评分,以及伤椎前中柱椎体高度、后凸Cobb角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果试验组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无骨水泥渗漏。两组患者均获随访,随访时间36～38个月。试验组治疗后1～3 d及12、36个月VAS评分、EVOS评分、伤椎前中柱椎体高度及后凸Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P<0.05);对照组治疗后以上指标与术前比较无改善(P>0.05)。治疗后12、36个月,试验组以上指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后36个月,对照组患者新发脊柱骨折发生率高于试验组(χ2=16.347,P=0.015)。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折后,疼痛症状可明显缓解,活动功能恢复,且新发脊柱骨折发生率较保守治疗低。     

经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰段骨折

目的探讨经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的适应症及临床疗效。方法 2008年7月至2010年7月,对14例胸腰椎骨折采用后路单节段伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定、经伤椎植骨融合。经过5～29（平均16.8）个月随访,随访内容有术前后VAS疼痛评分、神经功能ASIA评分、术前、术后随访时椎体的高度、伤椎的后凸畸形,内固定物的状况。结果所有患者均得到随访,术后VAS疼痛分级平均0-1分,其中0分8人,1分6人,无需服药治疗。神经功能均恢复至正常;X线检查术后椎体高度恢复满意,术后伤椎高度恢复了96%,随访椎体高度丢失0.4mm,丢失率为1.4%。无内固定物断裂、松动、脱出,所有病例均获得骨性融合,无假关节形成。结论选择好适应证,后路单节段伤椎内固定是治疗胸腰段骨折的有效方法之一。