Comparison of Symptomatic Vasospasm after Surgical Clipping and Endovascular Coiling

Vasospasm, initial neurological damage, rebleeding, and periprocedural complications are associated prognostic factors for clinical outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, factors related to delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) are evaluated using data from our institute for the last 18 years. Data from 2001 to 2018 of patients with aneurysmal SAH who underwent surgical clipping (SC) or endovascular coiling (EC) within 7 days of onset were retrospectively analyzed. Cases of mortality within 5 days after treatment were excluded. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the risk factors for DIND. In total, 840 cases of SAH were assessed; among these cases, 384 (45.7%) and 456 (54.3%) were treated with SC and EC, respectively. The frequency of DIND in the EC group was significantly less than that in the SC group (11.8% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.016). In the results of multivariate analysis, internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm and hemorrhagic complications were the risk factors for DIND. Cilostazol administration and EC were significant factors for vasospasm prevention after aneurysmal SAH (odds ratio of ICA aneurysm: 1.59, hemorrhagic complications: 1.76, SC: 1.51, and cilostazol administration: 0.51, respectively). Cilostazol administration was also a significant factor in patients who were treated with EC. ICA aneurysm, treatment strategy, hemorrhagic complications, and cilostazol administration were associated with DIND. Oral administration of cilostazol and avoiding hemorrhagic complications were effective in DIND prevention. If both treatments are available for ruptured aneurysms, clinicians should choose EC on the basis of its ability to prevent DIND.     

Lipo PGE1治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后脑微循环障碍的改善

目的观察前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂(Lipo PGE1)治疗蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑微循环障碍的改善。方法自发性SAH患者93例,随机分为Lipo PGE治疗组(n=65)和对照组(n=28)。Lipo PGE1治疗组静脉滴注Lipo PGE1,同时行其他传统治疗方法;对照组不使用Lipo PGE1,其余治疗措施同治疗组。观察两组治疗前后影像学、血浆和脑脊液生化指标的改变及脑血管痉挛的发生情况。结果Lipo PGE1治疗组脑血管痉挛的发生率较低,两组存在统计学差异(P<0.05);在治疗后第3、7天,Lipo PGE1治疗组vWF和GMP-140水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);两组再出血发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论Lipo PGE1能降低SAH后脑血管痉挛发生率,改善脑微循环障碍。     

丹珍头痛胶囊联合倍他司汀治疗血管痉挛性头痛的临床研究

目的 探讨丹珍头痛胶囊联合倍他司汀治疗血管痉挛性头痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年3月—2022年3月在北京中医医院怀柔医院接受治疗的102例血管痉挛性头痛患者为研究对象,根据用药差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各51例。对照组口服盐酸倍他司汀片,10 mg/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服丹珍头痛胶囊,2 g/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组相关评分、症状改善情况、血清细胞因子和血流动力学的变化情况。结果治疗组总有效率是98.04%,显著高于对照组的80.39%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组视觉模拟（VAS）评分较治疗前显著降低,而格拉斯哥预后（GOS）评分、明尼苏达满意度量表（MSQ）评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分、生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）评分均显著升高（P<0.05）;治疗后,治疗组相关评分改善优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组头痛发作次数、头痛持续时间均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,并以治疗组改善的更为明显（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、蛋白激...     

多途径应用尼莫地平防治脑血管痉挛的现状及研究进展

脑血管痉挛是动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH)、颅脑损伤、开颅手术及脑血管疾病介入治疗后的常见并发症,可引起脑血流量减少.甚至发生缺血性卒中,从而降低患者的生存质量.是患者致死致残的主要原因之一.循证医学研究结果证实尼莫地平能够降低脑血管痉挛所致的缺血性神经功能损伤及患者死亡率~([1]).为更好地发挥尼莫地平防治脑血管痉挛的疗效.国内外对其不同用药途径进行了探索研究,现复习有关文献综述如下.     

Role of hydrogen sulfide in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common acute and severe disease worldwide, which imposes a heavy burden on families and society. However, the current therapeutic strategies for SAH are unsatisfactory. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), as the third gas signaling molecule after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, has been widely studied recently. There is growing evidence that H₂S has a promising future in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we focus on the effects of H₂S in experimental SAH and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that H₂S has neuroprotective effects and significantly reduces secondary damage caused by SAH via antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptosis mechanisms, and by alleviating cerebral edema and vasospasm. Based on these findings, we believe that H₂S has great potential in the treatment of SAH and warrants further study to promote its early clinical application.     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者垂体前叶功能变化研究

目的：探讨自发性蛛网膜下腔出血（ spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage ,s-SAH）患者垂体前叶功能减退发生情况、与临床资料的相关性及随访期间恢复情况。方法回顾性分析63例s-SAH发病后7 d、1、2及3年期间垂体前叶分泌情况及与临床资料的相关性。结果30例（47.6％） s-SAH出现垂体功能紊乱。促肾上腺皮质激素（ adrenocorti cotrophic hormone ,ACTH）缺乏最常见9例（14.3％）,其次生长激素（growth hormone,GH）分泌不足有8例（12.7％）,促性腺激素分泌不足（gonadotropin deficiency ,GnD）有4例（6.3％）,甲状腺功能减退（hypothyroidism）2例（3.2％）和高催乳素（prolactin,PRL）1例（1.6％）。6例（9.5％）表现为多激素分泌异常。神经内分泌功能异常的发生率和血管痉挛、Fisher分级和恢复时间有相关性。结论 s-SAH 神经内分泌异常和血管痉挛、Fisher分级和恢复时间有相关性,随访时间应延长。     

载脂蛋白E基因型多态性与SAH后血管痉挛的相关研究

目的:探讨载脂蛋白E基因(Apolipoprotein E,APOE)多态性与自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(Subaraehnoid hemorrhage,SAH)后脑血管痉挛(Cerebral vasospasm,CVS)的相关性.方法:采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(Polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)检测185例SAH患者,测定APOE基因型多态性,通过TCD评定SAH患者出血后的CVS情况.分型结果与CVS及相关临床资料等分别进行X~2检验和Logistic回归分析.结果:185例SAH患者中,32例APOE ε4携带者中有21例(占65.7%)发生CVS,153例非ε4携带者中有56例(占36.7%)发生CVS,ε4携带者的CVS发生率明显高于非ε4携带者(P=O.022);单因素和多因素Logistic回归均提示ε4是CVS的危险因素.结论:APOEε4等位基因是SAH患者发生CVS的危险因素.     

脑脊液腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床分析

目的腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（tSAH）的疗效观察。方法对192例创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血对照组采用常规治疗，治疗组除常规治疗外，采用腰椎穿刺加腰大池置管脑脊液（CSF）置换疗法治疗，对两组治疗方法的治疗效果进行总结评估。结果治疗组恢复良好89例，轻残9例；对照组恢复良好44例，轻残38例，重残9例，植物状态生存2例，死亡1例。治疗组疗效明显优于对照组，组间差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论腰大池引流脑脊液置换的方法，治疗tSAH引起的脑血管痉挛（CVS）和脑积水临床疗效良好，对减轻症状及改善预后有重要意义。     

白细胞介素-10对蛛网膜下腔出血所致脑血管痉挛的治疗作用及机制

目的 观察白细胞介素(IL)-10在蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后的脑血管痉挛(CVS)中的治疗作用及其作用机制.方法 日本大耳白兔(30只)随机分为假手术组(A)、SAH组(B)、SAH+IL-10组(C)、SAH+锌原卟啉(ZnPP)+ IL-10组(D)、SAH+ ZnPP组(E),经枕大池2次注血法建立兔SAH后CVS动物模型,术后C、D、E组分别经腹腔注射给予IL-10、ZnPP,术后第5天采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6的水平,取基底动脉血管检测血管直径并检测血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)的表达.结果 SAH后血管痉挛模型造模成功,SAH各组基底动脉直径比A组明显缩小(P＜0.05),TNF-α与IL-6含量升高(P＜0.05),其中基底动脉直径在C、D组[(733.94±17.28)、(646.11±9.79)μm]较B、E组[(595.64±10.15)、(532.81±17.09) μm]增加,TNF-α和IL-6含量在C组[(26.27±1.64)、(58.15±1.38) ng/L]、D组[(43.45±1.77)、(77.17±1.09) ng/L]较B组[(53.56±1.27)、(115.93±1.47) ng/L]、E组[(60.56±1.79)、(136.45±1.73) ng/L]降低;A组脑基底动脉未检测到HO-1蛋白,C组HO-1含量(0.446±0.019)较B、D、E(0.314±0.014、0.251±0.018、0.160±0.011)组含量增加.结论 IL-10能够缓解SAH后所致CVS,可能是经HO-1蛋白发挥其治疗作用.     

枕大池二次注血法建立大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血模型及尼莫地平的脑保护作用

目的:建立一种适于研究蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)诱发脑血管痉挛(CVS)的大鼠模型,并探讨尼莫地平的脑保护作用.方法:将Wistar大鼠分为假手术组(枕大池内注入0.3 mL生理盐水)、SAH模型组(无抗凝自体血0.3 mL注入枕大池)及SAH尼莫地平治疗组(简称治疗组,建模后30 min及术后每日均腹腔注射尼莫地平0....