Small Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm: Only 12 cases have previously been documented. This paper describes the clinical evolution, immunohistochemical profile, and ultrastructural features of a case occurring in a 37-year-old woman.     

冰冻机采血小板超微结构回收率以及CD62P、PAC—I的改变

目的研究以终浓度5%二甲亚砜(DMSO)为主的冷冻保存剂加入机采血小板冻存1周、4周后血小板超微结构,体外回收率(RR)以及CD62P和PAC-Ⅰ的改变.方法跟踪30例机采血小板产品,采用全自动血细胞分析仪,透射电镜(TEM)技术和流式细胞术(FCM)等分析并比较加入以DMSO为主的冷冻保存剂在-120 ℃冻存1周,4周后血小板的超微结构,RR值及CD62P和PAC-Ⅰ的改变.结果 30例冷冻保存1周及4周后的血小板仍然具有相对完整的超微结构.冻存1周及4周后血小板的RR分别为冻前的79.49%±6.14%和74.07%±5.39%.新鲜机采血小板的CD62P及PAC-Ⅰ的值分别为50.72%±14.31%,53.23%±20.26%;冻存一周及四周后CD62P和PAC-Ⅰ的值分别为30.96%±11.02%,22.96%±9.90%;32.07%±9.21%,19.55%±10.33%.结论与新鲜机采血小板相比,冰冻血小板仍然具有较高的回收率和相对完整的超微结构,但也显示了不同程度的激活.与较高的回收率相对应, 冷冻保存1周及4周后的机采血小板产品仍然具有较高的CD62P及PAC-Ⅰ活性,其CD62P及PAC-Ⅰ值无显著性差异(P>0.05).     

补阳还五汤对大白鼠血脑屏障影响的实验研究

观察补阳还五汤对百日咳菌液致大白鼠急性脑水肿时血脑屏障(BBB)与细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明,补阳还五汤可明显地减少脑水肿时鼠脑组织蛋白、Evan′s Blue含量,显著减轻脑组织的蓝染范围与程度,轻度减轻左侧大脑皮质脑毛细血管周围星形胶质细胞突与神经元内线粒体水肿,显著减少脑毛细血管内皮细胞(VEC)内吞饮小泡的转运,右侧脑组织含水量亦较对照组显著地减少(p<0.05)。提示补阳还五汤有保护VEC与BBB的功能。     

Histochemistry and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of small mucous cells in carcinoma of the stomach

One hundred and two cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were obtained from 71 surgical and 31 biopsy specimens of the stomach. These tumours produced both intracellular and extracellular mucins, which were demonstrated to be neutral mucins, N-acetyl sialomucins, sulphomucins and O-acetyl sialomucins. The majority of tumours (85.3%) secreted two or more kinds of mucins simultaneously, but only a small proportion (14.7%) produced a single kind of mucin. Ultrastructurally, three types of mucin granules were identified; these differed in shape and density. Tumour cells containing intracellular mucins or mucin granules were designated as mucous cancer cells and further subdivided into small, large and goblet mucous cells; tumour cells having neither mucins nor glandular differentiation were designated as undifferentiated cancer cells. These histochemical distinctions, supported by the electron microscopical observations, may be useful to demonstrate early malignant foci in gastric biopsies.     

Malignant Myoepithelioma (Myoepithelial Carcinoma) of the Breast: An Ultrastructural and Immunocytochemical Study

This report describes the light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) features and the results of an indirect immunofluorescence study (IF), the latter using monoclonal and monospecific antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins, of a malignant, invasive and metastatic breast myoepithelioma. A 53-year-old female underwent mastectomy for a large necrotic mammary tumor that had invaded the overlying skin. By LM, the neoplasm was composed of interlacing bundles of large, elongated and interspersed stellate cells with acidophilic cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells displayed a moderate degree of anaplasia, high mitotic activity, and strong tendency for necrosis. Stromal desmoplasia was marked, especially toward the center of the neoplasm. By IF, the tumor cells revealed bright cytoplasmic fluorescence with antibodies to actin, prekeratin, and cytokeratin. A few scattered spindle cells, which stained with the anti-vimentin and anti-actin antibodies, most likely represented stromal myofibroblasts. The anti-desmin reaction was negative. By EM, the neoplasm was composed of variably differentiated, elongated and stellate myoepithelial cells connected by desmosomes, enveloped by remnants of basal lamina, and containing pinocytotic vesicles, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi areas, aggregates of intermediate filaments that were often arranged in dense curvilinear bundles (tonofilaments), and bundles of microfilaments with fusiform, dense bodies. The combined LM, EM, and IF study of this mammary tumor establishes its myoepithelial origin and, thus, identifies it as myoepithelial carcinoma distinct from other spindle cell breast tumors. This neoplasm was locally invasive and cytologically malignant; moreover, its malignancy was further confirmed by the development of lung and pleural metastases.     

Solid and Papillary Tumor of the Pancreas: Ultrastructural Observations on Two Contrasting Cases

Two papillary and solid tumors of the pancreas are reported which differed in their clinical features, ultrastructure, and biologic behavior. Both tumors contained papillary and solid areas by light microscopy. One tumor followed the more usual indolent course. The second patient presented with a liver metastasis and died of progressive disease in a relatively short period of time. Neither neoplasm showed convincing immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of endocrine differentiation, but the electron microscopic findings hinted that this tumor possesses at least latent endocrine properties.     

Development of synapses between chick retinal neurons in dispersed culture

Morphological criteria allow several kinds of synapse to be recognized in the vertebrate retina. It is, however, not presently known if, or how, these morphological differences reflect physiological distinctions. Since a proper investigation of synaptic physiology in the intact retina is compromised by technical difficulties, we have examined dispersed cultures to discover if they are likely to provide a more tractable physiological preparation. The chief question addressed here concerns the extent to which normal synaptic development takes place in the impoverished conditions of dispersed cell culture. Cultures were established from embryonic day 8 chick retina and fixed for microscopy on embryonic equivalent (E.E.) days 12, 14, 16, and 18. Neuronal processes appeared shortly after plating and continued to increase in number and extent through E.E. 16. Cone cells were recognizable by virtue of their distinctive oil droplets. Two classes of cone could be distinguished on the basis of the density of their cytoplasmic staining. Presynaptic ribbons could be observed in cone cells on E.E. 12, but characteristic dyad and triad postsynaptic organization was seldom present at this stage nor was it often observed at subsequent times. An increase in the number of ribbon synapses in culture was seen on E.E. 18. These synapses may represent those of bipolar cells. Conventional synapses were found at all times examined but the number of these increased greatly between E.E. 14 and 16. Of these conventional synapses, we found some whose anatomy was characteristic of synapses made by amacrine cells as well as some whose anatomy was characteristic of synapses made by bipolar cells.     

寻常型银屑病活动期表皮及真皮的超微结构

对21例寻常型银屑病活动期的皮损进行了超微结构观察.结果显示表皮层的基底细胞、棘细胞增殖活跃,细胞间隙增宽、增宽的间隙内有沉积物,桥粒数目减少,细胞表面有微绒毛样突起,基底膜厚薄不均。真皮层毛细血管扩张,血管外有中性白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞和肥大细胞浸润,成纤维细胞数目增多,胶原纤维肿胀变性.上述结果提示:银屑病表皮及真皮均有病理改变.细胞间的沉积物可能为抗原抗体复合物,肥大细胞在银屑病发病中起重要作用.     

The noradrenergic innervation of vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: An ultrastructural study using radioautography and immunocytochemistry

Immunocytochemical and radioautographic procedures were combined at the ultrastructural level to study the noradrenergic synaptic input to vasopressin neurons in selected portions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of the rat. Radioactive norepinephrine (NE) was infused into the lateral ventricle or applied topically to the region of the PVN. After appropriate survival times, brain tissues were processed for ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of vasopressin using a monoclonal antibody. [3H]NE varicosities were detected by electron microscopic radioautography. In the periventricular zone of the PVN, radioactive varicosities were numerous accounting for 20-30% of all nerve terminals in this zones. These NE terminals primarily innervated dendritic processes of non-vasopressinergic neurons. Although an occasional axosomatic synapse was observed, input to vasopressin positive neurons was exclusively to their dendrites. In the lateral magnocellular sub-nucleus of the PVN (designed pvl2), noradrenergic terminals were fewer in number accounting for only 1-2% of the total. These terminals were found predominately but not exclusively making axodendritic synapses onto non-vasopressin processes. In both regions, many of the radiolabeled terminals had well-defined membrane appositions with their post-synaptic partners which included a synaptic cleft and post-synaptic density of varying thickness. In both the periventricular zone and the lateral magnocellular regions, noradrenergic varicosities were seen in close proximity to numerous blood vessels.     

正常子宫内膜腺上皮和子宫内膜癌细胞的超微结构

观察15例正常排卵前期、排卵后期及绝经后子宫内膜腺上皮和28例子宫内膜癌细胞的超微结构并进行了比较。正常各期内膜腺上皮有其自身特点。子宫内膜癌细胞最显著的变化在细胞核,可见核体及核包涵体,为正常内膜腺细胞所未见。其他细胞器形态、数量及分布异常,这些变化随分化程度下降而显著。从某些特殊类型内膜癌细胞的形态观察,提示它们共同起源于具多向分化潜能的苗勒管上皮。