蝙蝠葛酚性碱对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响蝙蝠葛酚性碱对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响

目的观察蝙蝠葛酚性碱(PAMD)对血栓形成、血小板聚集的影响并研究其作用机制。方法用动静脉短路血栓形成模型观察血栓形成；比浊法测定血小板聚集度；电镜技术观察血小板超微结构变化；放射免疫法测定TXB₂和6-酮基-PGF1α的水平；硝酸还原酶法测定兔血浆NO浓度。结果PAMD体内给药可剂量依赖性地抑制血栓形成及由ADP，AA和THR诱导的大鼠和兔的血小板的聚集；可显著抑制血小板超微结构的变化；能明显升高兔血管壁6-酮基-PGF1α产生量，对血小板释放的TXB₂无明显影响；还可提高兔血浆NO的浓度。结论PAMD具抗血栓形成和抗血小板聚集的作用，其机制与增加血管壁PGI₂含量，提高兔血浆NO的浓度有关。     

链脲佐菌素-糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管病理改变

目的：观察SIZ-糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管的早期病理变化。方法：45只SD大鼠被随机分为糖尿病组(DM)和对照组(CON)，用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin，STZ)诱导SD大鼠建立糖尿病动物模型，分别饲养3个月和6个月。各组大鼠到期后，取眼球，采用视网膜消化铺片PAS染色、细胞图像分析及透射电镜技术进行早期糖尿病视网膜微血管形态学检查，记数微血管细胞数和无细胞血管数目，观察微血管及细胞超微结构。结果：糖尿病视网膜早期微血管周细胞数目逐渐减少，无细胞血管增多。超微结构显示微血管细胞结构异常，基底膜变性、增厚。结论：糖尿病视网膜病变早期存在微血管细胞病变、基底膜变性增厚及无细胞血管形成的改变。临床应重视糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的早期防治，改善微血管循环。     

前庭器官超微结构研究及结构图构建

目的通过扫描电镜观察小鼠椭圆囊、球囊、壶腹超微结构,研究分析并据此构建前庭器官新的结构示意图。方法选取3个年龄段小白鼠各10只,分别是年轻组≤2个月、中年组2~12个月、老龄组>12个月。分离出椭圆囊、球囊、壶腹,采用扫描电镜技术样品制备方法制备样品,应用扫描电镜进行样品观察。结果扫描电镜下可以得到:①椭圆囊斑及球囊斑不同层面图片:表面为堆积并相互黏附的"表面耳石",表面耳石下是无结构胶状质;底层表面耳石深入到无结构胶质层里;无结构胶质层下面是毛细胞纤毛及"纤毛间耳石"层,不同纤毛束之间均有纤毛间耳石存在,立于支持细胞表面,表面平坦;蜂窝状胶质物质联接无结构胶质层、纤毛间耳石及毛细胞纤毛。②壶腹超微结构的图片:嵴帽是无结构的胶状质与壶腹外侧壁紧贴,但较易分离,嵴帽和壶腹外侧壁之间有纤细的晶状体物质,在壶腹嵴两侧壁上也有纤细晶体物质(壶腹嵴表面耳石);不同的毛细胞纤毛之间有耳石结构的存在(壶腹嵴纤毛间耳石)。结论通过对前庭器官扫描电镜的观察,发现了椭圆、球囊斑及壶腹的新结构成分,由此构建出新的前庭器官超微结构示意图。     

“标本配穴”电针对慢性心肌缺血模型大鼠线粒体结构及呼吸酶活性的影响

目的:以心肌线粒体为切入,观察“标本配穴”电针对慢性心肌缺血模型大鼠心肌线粒体结构、GAPDH、CS、CCO的酶活性及心肌组织ATP含量的影响,探讨“标本配穴”电针对慢性心肌缺血模型大鼠心肌线粒体的保护机制。方法:将30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、标本配穴组,每组10只。模型组、标本配穴组大鼠皮下注射盐酸异丙肾上腺素制备慢性心肌缺血大鼠模型。标本配穴组在造模结束后取“内关”“足三里”“关元”电针干预10 min,疏密波,2~100 Hz,1 mA,连续21天。运用透射电镜观察心肌线粒体结构变化,采用试剂盒检测3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)、柠檬酸合成酶(CS)、细胞色素C氧化酶(CCO)的酶活性及心肌组织ATP含量。结果:与空白组比较,模型组线粒体结构破坏明显,大部分线粒体出现变形空泡化;而与模型组比较,标本配穴组线粒体结构损伤程度明显减轻。与空白组相比,模型组、标本配穴组心肌组织ATP含量、GAPDH、CS、CCO活性均明显降低(P<0.01)。但与模型组相比,标本配穴组4指标均显著增高(P<0.01),且心肌组织ATP含量与GAPDH、CS、CCO活性成线性相关。结论:在慢性心肌缺血状态下,标本配穴电针可提升线粒体呼吸酶活性,增加有氧呼吸产能效率,改善心脏能量代谢,从而减轻心肌细胞的结构破坏,对心肌组织起到保护作用。     

Regional differences in the pineal gland of the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus: Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical observations

Abstract: Light microscopic, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical observations of the various portions of the pineal gland of the cotton rat ( Sigmodon hispidus ) were made. The volume of the proximal half occupied about 30% of the whole organ, and pinealocytes were slightly smaller in size in the proximal portion than elsewhere. The distal and intermediate portions contained few interstitial cells and numerous astrocytes, but the proximal portion lacked interstitial cells and had more abundant astrocytes than elsewhere. Astrocytes, which were immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, mainly lined the pericapillary spaces in the distal and intermediate portions, but in the proximal portion these cells often surrounded isolated or groups of pinealocytes. In the distal and intermediate portions, abundant sympathetic fibers and less numerous non-sympathetic, peptidergic fibers were mainly localized in the pericapillary spaces; these fibers were sparsely distributed in the parenchyma close to interstitial cells or astrocytes. In the proximal portion, non-sympathetic fibers were scarce and sympathetic fibers were distributed abundantly and almost exclusively in the parenchyma. Most of the sympathetic fibers were adjacent to astrocytes and, occasionally, made specialized contact with them. Fenestrae in the capillary endothelium were numerous in the distal portion but absent in the proximal portion. Thus, marked differences in structure existed between the distal and proximal portions of the pineal gland of the cotton rat, suggesting that both portions are functionally dissimilar. In addition, the present study indicates that the proximal portion of the cotton rat was well developed and showed morphological features similar to the deeply situated pineal glands of other mammals.     

Two Cases of Juvenile Type Generalized Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis: An Ultrastructural Study of Storage Material

The clinical course, distribution and morphology of the characteristic inclusions in two cases of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis of juvenile type were investigated. The first case was a Japanese man who died aged 21. He developed visual disturbances at the age of 6 years, and became blind within a year. Epileptic seizures and dementia progressed from the age of 12. The second case was a Japanese woman who also died aged 21 years. She developed dementia, convulsions and visual disturbances at the age of 6 years and progressed gradually. She became almost completely blind at the age of 14 years. In both of the cases, the autopsy revealed diffuse atrophy of the brain. The histology showed numerous lipofuscin-like granules in the swollen cytoplasm of nerve cells and astrocytes. The storage materials revealed four distinct ultrastructural profiles as follows; 1) multilamellar body (MLB), 2) curvilinear body (CB), 3) crystalloid profile (CP), 4) finger print profile (FPP). The distribution of these storage materials in both central and peripheral nervous system and in various tissue of the body was studied systematically and shown in a table.     

Physiology: A comparative morphological and ultrastructural study of endometrial gland and Fallopian tube epithelia at different stages of the menstrual cycle and the menopause

Cyclical ultrastructural changes in the endometrium and Fallopiantube have been reported previously but in different subjects.The aim of this study is to compare cyclical changes in endometrialgland and tubal (isthmic, mid-tube, ampulla, and fimbria) epitheliain the same subjects with a view to identifying any similaritiesor differences which may have clinical implications for assistedreproduction treatment. Endometrial and Fallopian tube sampleswere obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy and salpingectomy.We report similar epithelial surface changes taking place inthe endometrial glandular and endosalpingeal epithelia withthe exception of the fimbriae. Secretions within endometrialgland lumen and the isthmus increase throughout the late follicularphase and before ovulation, then dissipate in these two regionssimultaneously in the early/mid luteal phase. Similarly, inthe late follicular and pre-ovulatory phases, the process ofgranule secretion is similar in the glandular epithelium, isthmusand ampulla. In the fimbriae, no comparable activity is notedduring these phases of the menstrual cycle. The differencesreflect the functional differentiation between these regions.Equally, the observed similarities highlight the need for furthercomparative studies to determine the role of these secretionsin early embryonic development and their clinical relevance.     

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ILEAL GRAFTING FOLLOWING ILEOCYSTOPLASTY IN THE RAT: A KINETIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM

lleocystoplasty was performed in rats and the morphological and cell-kinetic changes occurring in the ileal grafts were determined at intervals up to 18 months postoperatively. The intestinal mucosa underwent no progressive changes but included villous and avillous regions associated with crypts of various sizes at all time intervals. Newly appearing and densely packed epithelial cells, shaped like petals, were always present in the lower parts of the villi associated with crypts showing no elongation, but seldom present in those with elongated crypts in the villous mucosa. Bromodeoxyuridine studies showed that the petal-shaped cells interfered with cell migration. No petal-shaped cells were observed in avillous mucosa in which the rate of cell turnover depended on crypt size. Fine-structural changes in absorptive epithelial cells in both types of mucosa included features of prematurity or hypermaturity in the cytoplasm and close adherence to the basal portions of adjacent cells and to the basal lamina. These changes may possibly contribute to the prevention of reabsorption of urine. However, some of the mechanisms responsible for adherence of the basal parts might incidentally interfere with the normal cell kinetics of the intestinal epithelium, resulting in dense packing of cells and the formation of multiple types of mucosa in ileal grafts.     

Richner-Hanhart's Syndrome: New Ultrastructural Observations on Skin Lesions of Two Cases

New ultrastructural observations are described in skin lesions of two brothers with Richner-Hanhart's syndrome (RHS). Physical examination of the two patients showed painful skin lesions of palms and soles combined with denderitic corneal ulceration and mental retardation. The diagnosis of RHS was confirmed biochemically with high tyrosine levels in both blood and urine. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed several abnormal ultrastructural changes in the epidermal cells. The horny cells contained heterogeneously, electron-dense cytoplasm with many lipid droplets. The granular cell cytoplasm contained abundant tonofibrils and keratohyaline granules. The spinous cell cytoplasm was vacuolated due to the presence of minute tyrosine crystals, which are known to have a lytic effect. The surrounding keratinocytes contained multilobed nuclei. The basal epidermal cells appeared normal except for Merkel cells, which were severely damaged by vacuolatio, also due to the presence of tyrosine crystals. This study showed that high tyrosine levels can induce several ultrastructural pathological changes in the epidermal cells, including the skin chemoreceptor Merkel cells.     

活动力不足精子尾部微管超微结构研究

以２２例活动力不足精子病人的精液为标本，对其精子进行形态学研究，以了解精子尾部的形态变化。电镜观察发现：１例精子尾部形态变化较一致。轴丝排列为９＋０微管形式；另１例精子尾部形态变化呈多样性，或部分周围微管和部分外围致密纤维以及中央微管消失，或所有微管和外周致密纤维排列混乱。结果显示部分活动力不足精子病人精子尾部的微管异常和Ｋａｒｔａｇｅｎｅｒ‘ｓ综合征特征相似，这种异常可能影响精子的运动能力，而导