海洛因成瘾复吸大鼠脑组织超微结构和部分神经递质的变化

目的：建立海洛因成瘾、脱毒，复成瘾、脱毒，再成瘾、脱毒3个阶段大白鼠模型，了解海洛因致各阶段大白鼠脑损害的动态趋势。方法：电镜下观察脑超微结构变化，荧光分光度法测定脑NA、DA、5-HT等神经递质的含量。结果：3个阶段大鼠脑内多部位神经元胞体、轴突、树突都出现变性、凋亡、胀亡等超微病理结构改变，神经胶质细胞、神经毯也出现相应的超微病理结构改变，而且随复吸次数增多而病变加重。脑NA、DA、5-HT、含量升高，而且随复吸次数增多而升高。结论：大白鼠脑组织出现广泛性超微病理结构改变，随复吸次数增多而病变加重，脑神经递质含量也随复吸次数增多而升高。     

Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal skin of Wistar-derived hypotrichotic WBN/ILA-Ht rats following UVA-irradiation

Ultrastructual characteristics of the dorsal skin responses to a single irradiation of UVA (1100 kJ/m2) were examined in Wistar-derived hypotichotic WBN/ILA-Ht rats (HtRs). In the epidermis, mitochondrial swelling of some keratinocytes and dissociation of keratinocytes due to intercellular edema developed at 3 hours (h) after irradiation and continued to 48 h. At 6 h, in addition to these changes, necrosis of keratinocytes accompanied with infiltration of neutrophils was also observed in some portions, and epidermal hyperplasia with many keratinocytes showing nucleolar hypertrophy and some mitotic keratinocytes was observed at 48 h. In the dermis, mitochondrial swelling and/or partial cytoplasmic destruction in capillary endothelial cells and edema with inflammatory cell infiltration were observed at and after 3 h, and extravasation of erythrocytes was found in some capillaries at 48 h. Mitochondrial swelling was also frequently found in pericytes and fibroblasts. Inflammatory cells were mainly composed of neutrophils throughout the experimental period. Mild degranulation of mast cells which also showed mitochondrial swelling was observed at and after 3 h, and a close special relationship between mast cells and fibroblasts or neutrophils was sometimes observed. In conclusion, the most prominent change in the dorsal skin of HtRs exposed to UVA was degeneration of capillary endothelial cells, resulting in edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the most characteristic cytopathic effect of UVA was mitochondrial swelling, and it was common to keratinocytes, capillary endothelial cells, pericytes, mast cells, and fibroblasts.     

Nuclear bodies in rat hepatocytes: Dynamics of appearance and formation during aging and functional loads

Department of Pathomorphology, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 203–208, February, 1992.     

兔心窦房结的亚微结构观察

本文观查了8例杂种成免心脏窦房结的亚微结构。窦房结主要由P细胞和T细胞构成。P细胞多成团存在。细胞圆形或多边形,胞核大,可见双核细胞;胞质内肌原纤维和线粒体较少;核糖体、糖原颗粒、高尔基氏器、粗面和滑面内质网均较丰富;高尔基氏器附近有电子密度较高的球形颗粒;胞膜下见到许多小凹和小囊;P细胞间有散在的中间连接。T细胞的形态和结构介于P细胞和心肌细胞之间。最后对窦房结内各细胞的功能特点加以讨论。     

Cushing's Syndrome from an Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma with Peliosis: A Histological,Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study and Review of the Literature

Ectopic pituitary adenoma (EPA) is rare and, to the authors’ knowledge, its association with peliosis has not yet been described. The case of a 38-yr-old woman with clinical and biochemical evidence of Cushing’s syndrome is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a normal pituitary and a separate mass in the sphenoid sinus. The surgically remove’s hyaline change in the corticotrophs, indicating exposure to glucocorticoid excess. By histology, the mass in the sphenoid sinus was a congested, chromophobic, partly basophilic, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive pituitary adenoma composed of pleomorphic, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-positive, corticotrophs. There was focal immunopositivity for MIB-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of corticotroph adenoma. A striking finding, consistent with the diagnosis of peliosis, was the presence of multiple large blood-filled spaces lacking an endothelial lining. The capillaries were dilated, but often appeared empty and the fenestrated endothelium exhibited discontinuities. The cause of peliosis is obscure. It may be that the venous outflow was impaired in this case leading to capillary dilation, congestion, hyperpermeability, rupture, and accumulation of blood in extravascular spaces.     

Primary osteosarcoma of the uterine corpus: case report and review of the literature

A rare case of rapidly growing osteosarcoma that developed in the uterine corpus of a 62-year-old woman is presented. The tumor occupied almost the entire pelvic cavity and extended into the abdominal cavity, with marked involvement of the intestines. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of an osteoblastic component, accompanied by conspicuous bone formation, and a fibroblastic component. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and osteocalcin, as well as desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin, but negative for h-caldesmon. The results indicated myofibroblastic differentiation in a part of the tumor. A review of 14 reported cases and our case of uterine osteosarcoma revealed that this tumor has a biologically aggressive nature, although its histopathological and immunohistochemical features are similar to those of osteosarcomas in soft tissue and bone. As the prognosis of patients with this tumor is poor, it is of importance to differentiate this tumor from other types of tumors arising from the uterine corpus.     

Benign solitary fibrous pleural tumour. Evidence of primitive features and complex genomic imbalances, including loss of 20q

AIMS: Cytogenetic data on solitary fibrous tumours (SFT) are very limited. We studied a benign pleural SFT for its ultrastructural and immunohistochemical details, and made cytogenetic analyses for comparison with other genetic and ultrastructural studies of SFT. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivities for CD34 and vimentin, but no reactions with anti-cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigens. Electron microscopy revealed primitive desmosomes in our SFT. The results thus evinced fibroblast-like cells with intermediate epithelial-mesenchymal character. Comparative genomic hybridization of the tumour revealed losses of 1p33-->pter, 17pter q21, entire copies of chromosomes 19 and 22, and gains of 1p21-p22, 2q23-q32.3, 3pl2-q13.2, 4p14-q28, 6p12-q21, 9p21-->pter and 13q21-q31. Furthermore, there was loss of 20q, as was previously reported elsewhere in a case of benign and a case of malignant SFT. CONCLUSIONS: The results furnish further evidence of the involvement of -20q in SFT. In addition, they show that SFT may have complex genomic imbalances and primitive features, despite having a benign appearance.     

白血病MDR细胞系CEM／ADM超微结构改变的定量研究

对人类淋巴细胞性白血病ＭＤＲ细胞系ＣＥＭ／ＡＤＭ及其亲代药敏细胞系ＣＥＭ进行了超微结构的体视学定量比较。结果表明，ＣＥＭ／ＡＤＭ细胞分裂相较多见、核平均体积增大、核畸形严重、异染色质分布更散在、核仁异型性及边集较多见、多数细胞器不发达，说明ＣＥＭ／ＡＤＭ恶性程度更高，ＣＥＭ／ＡＤＭ线粒体平均体积增大与ＭＤＲ主要机制──Ｐ－糖蛋白过度表达而致能量需求增加相关。     

Thymic sarcomatoid carcinoma with skeletal muscle differentiation: report of two cases, one with cytogenetic analysis

AIMS: Malignant thymic tumour histologically resembling a soft tissue sarcoma is extremely rare and defined as sarcomatoid carcinoma in the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification. We report two such cases in which the tumour cells showed a prominent rhabdomyoblastic differentiation and analyse whether these tumours retain an epithelial nature at least in part. METHODS AND RESULTS: One tumour occurred in a 51-year-old man (Case 1) and the other in a 40-year-old woman (Case 2). Microscopically, both tumours consisted essentially of two types of tumour cells: spindle and large round cells, with no apparent epithelial components. Osteosarcomatous small foci were also found in Case 2. Immunohistochemically, desmin and muscle-specific actin were positive in the majority of both types of tumour cells, whereas myogenin was predominant in the spindle cells and myoglobin in the large round cells. Some of both types of cells expressed cytokeratin with co-expression of myoglobin in the large round cells, but with no myogenin in the spindle cells. Some cytokeratin-positive spindle cells were also negative for desmin. Ultrastructural examination of a recurrent tumour in Case 2 revealed some epithelial features among the spindle cells. Cytogenetic study of the same tumour showed a complex abnormality including der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q12.1), an identical pattern previously reported in a case of thymic squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the definition in the WHO classification of sarcomatoid carcinoma that includes purely sarcomatous tumour as in the present cases. Occurrence of this type of tumour may indicate a relationship between thymic epithelial cells and myoid cells and/or a potential for divergent differentiation in thymic epithelial tumours.