PPH治疗内痔发生术后大出血的危险因素分析及对策

目的探讨PPH治疗内痔发生术后大出血的危险因素,指导术中、术后采取干预措施以减少其发生。方法将2003年1月至2013年6月佛山市第二人民医院普外三科收治的38例内痔患者采用PPH术后大出血病例作为研究对象;按性别、年龄(相差不超过5岁)及混合痔分度进行1:2匹配,选取同期76例PPH术后无大出血病例为对照。采用单因素及多因素条件Logistic回归分析以明确PPH术后大出血的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,切除痔上黏膜完整性(P=0.047)、切除痔上黏膜厚度(P=0.005)、吻合口距齿线的距离(P=0.034)、吻合口缝扎止血(P=0.034)、术后便秘(P=0.002)与PPH术后大出血相关。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,切除痔上黏膜厚度、吻合口距齿线的距离、吻合口缝扎止血处数及术后便秘是PPH术后大出血危险因素(均P0.05)。结论 PPH术后大出血的独立危险因素是切除痔上黏膜厚度、吻合口距齿线的距离、吻合口缝扎止血处数及术后便秘。荷包缝合仍是PPH术的核心技术,术中注重荷包缝合的质量和术后加强通便是消除PPH术后大出血的重要对策。     

经尿道前列腺解剖性剜除术(附光盘)

经尿道前列腺解剖性剜除术结合了开放前列腺摘除术与传统经尿道前列腺电切术的各自优势,颠覆了传统电切的手术理念,极大改良优化了传统前列腺电切术。本文将系统介绍经尿道前列腺解剖性剜除术的手术理念、手术方法与技巧、围手术期准备、手术并发症及其处理要点、以及本技术的拓展与推广。     

Pumilio2在中枢神经系统的作用

Pumilio2（Pum2）是近年新发现的一种转录后调控因子,与微小RNA功能相似,通过其特定的结构域与m RNA结合以阻断翻译起始复合物的形成、抑制靶基因的表达。近年研究表明,Pum2与中枢神经系统的形态发生和功能执行密切相关,其表达变化参与中枢神经系统疾病的生物学进程。本文拟就Pum2在中枢神经系统作用的研究进展简要概述。     

Mash1 efficiently reprograms rat astrocytes into neurons简

To date, it remains poorly understood whether astrocytes can be easily reprogrammed into neurons. Mashl and Brn2 have been previously shown to cooperate to reprogram fibroblasts into neurons. In this study, we examined astrocytes from 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and found that Brn2 was expressed, but Mashl was not detectable. Thus, we hypothesized that Mashl alone could be used to reprogram astrocytes into neurons. We transfected a recombinant MSCV-MASH1 plasmid into astrocytes for 72 hours, and saw that all cells expressed Mashl. One week later, we observed the changes in morphology of astrocytes, which showed typical neuro- nal characteristics. Moreover, β-tubulin expression levels were significantly higher in astrocytes expressing Mashl than in control cells. These results indicate that Mashl alone can reprogram astrocytes into neurons.     

Stem cells in neuroinjury and neurodegenerative disorders： challenges and future neurotherapeutic prospects

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury disorders is increasing worldwide. Research is now focusing on improving current neurogenesis techniques including neural stem cell therapy and other biochemical drug-based approaches to ameliorate these disorders. Unfortunately, we are still facing many obstacles that are rendering current neurotherapies ineffective in clinical trials for reasons that are yet to be discovered. That is why we should start by fully understanding the complex mechanisms of neurogenesis and the factors that affect it, or else, all our suggested therapies would fail since they would not be targeting the essence of the neurological disorder but rather the symptoms. One possible paradigm shift is to switch from neuroprotectant therapies towards neurodegeneration/neurorestorative approaches. In addition, other and our laboratories are increasingly focusing on combining the use of pharmacological agents（such as Rho-associated kinase（ROCK） inhibitors or other growth factors（such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）） and stem cell treatment to enhance the survivability and/or differentiation capacity of transplanted stem cells in neurotrauma or other neurodegeneration animal models. Ongoing stem cell research is surely on the verge of a breakthrough of multiple effective therapeutic options for neurodegenerative disorders. Once, we fully comprehend the process of neurogenesis and its components, we will fully be capable of manipulating and utilizing it. In this work, we discuss the current knowledge of neuroregenerative therapies and their associated challenges.     

Circadian fluctuations in three types of sensory modules in healthy subjects

This study was designed to observe and compare the circadian fluctuations in tactile sense, joint reposition sense and two-point discrimination in healthy subjects. Twenty-one healthy adult subjects received perceptual ability tests through these three different sensory modules at approximately 9：00, 13：00 and 18：00 in a day. The distribution of ranking for perceptual ability was significantly different among the three different time points in each individual, with highest perceptual ability in the evening compared with noon and morning, in terms of tactile sense and two-point discrimination. These findings suggest that the perceptual ability of healthy subjects fluctuates according to the time points in a day.     

“心境促进协作医疗”模式对社区老年抑郁症生活质量影响及初步卫生经济学评价

目的探讨＂心境-促进协作医疗＂（IMPACT）管理模式对社区老年抑郁症患者生活质量影响及卫生经济学价值。方法对30名社区老年抑郁症患者实施为期2年的IMPACT管理治疗,按1：1配对另30例作为对照组,对其实施常规的社区精神病康复管理。在干预第一年末及第二年末使用汉密尔顿量表（HAMD）、家庭负担表（FIS）、生活满意度（LSR）进行评定并观察费用成本。结果在实施干预的第一年末和第二年末,干预组患者的HAMD和FIS得分较对照组显著降低、干预组患者LSR得分较对照组显著升高（列联表卡方检验结果中,χ^2均大于5.9,P值均〈0.05）。2年内干预组患者总费用低于对照组,表现在门诊费用、住院费用、社区防治费用和家属误工费用等方面干预者患者的支出要明显少于对照组患者（t检验结果中,P值均〈0.05）;同时,两者患者在药物费用支出方面无显著差异。结论 IMPACT管理模式能有效减轻社区老年抑郁症患者的抑郁症状,并显著降低患者因疾病产生的各项费用成本。     

应激性溃疡致上消化道出血患者临床诊断与治疗

目的：探讨应激性溃疡致上消化道出血患者临床诊断与治疗。方法对在我院2013年5月-2014年5月间住院治疗的45例应激性溃疡致上消化道出血患者进行回顾性分析,总结导致该病的常见病因、临床表现、治疗方法及效果。结果本组患者45例,经过内科综合治疗有效40例（有效率为88.89%）,另外5例患者由于内科综合治疗无效,中转手术治疗,成功止血4例（8.89%）,1例由于失血过多导致死亡（死亡率为2.22%）。结论内科综合治疗是治疗应激性溃疡致上消化道出血的首选和最重要的方法,内科治疗无效者应积极进行手术治疗以挽救患者的生命。     

老年内科（呼吸系统）医院感染控制中预防性护理的效果分析

目的分析老年（内科呼吸系统）医院感染控制中预防性护理应用的效果。方法随机将我院收治的100例患者分为对照组和观察组,临床对对照组患者主要采用常规护理,对观察组患者主要采用预防性护理,并观察两组患者护理效果。结果观察组患者的感染率为4.0%,对照组患者的感染率为16.0%,观察组明显低于对照组,且两组相比差异统计学意义（P〈0.05）。另外观察组患者的满意率为96.0%,对照组患者的满意率为76.0%,观察组的患者满意度明显高于对照组,且两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组患者的护理质量评分明显高于对照组,（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义。结论预防性护理在老年（呼吸系统医院感染控制中应用效果显著,满意度高,安全性高,指的临床推广使用。     

重庆某区2005-2012年结核病流行趋势分析

目的：分析大足区结核病流行趋势,为今后制定防治计划与策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法和Excel表,对大足区2005-2012年结核病疫情进行分析。结果2005-2012年累计报告结核病6332例,其中涂阳2344例,涂阴3151例,未痰检837例;农民最多占77.5%;男：女=1：0.29。结论大足区结核病疫情呈稳步下降趋势,其现代结核病控制策略成效明显;但结核疫情依然严重,要重点关注农民和学生、开展多种形式的健康教育,降低结核疫情、控制结核蔓延,确保国家结核病防治规划目标的实现。