Four types of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving surgery: Classification of IBTR based on precise pathological examination

We classified ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (IBTRs) based on strict pathological rules. Ninety‐six women who were surgically treated for IBTR were included. IBTRs were classified according to their origins and were distinguished based on strict pathological rules: relationship between the IBTR and the primary lumpectomy scar, surgical margin status of the primary cancer, and the presence of in situ lesions of IBTR. The prognosis of these subgroups were compared to that of new primary tumors (NP) in the narrow sense (NPn) that occurred far from the scar. Distant‐disease free survival of IBTR that occurred close to the scar with in situ lesions and a negative surgical margin of the primary cancer (NP occurred close to the scar, NPcs) was similar to that of NPn. In contrast, IBTR that occurred close to the scar without in situ lesions (true recurrence (TR) that arose from residual invasive carcinoma foci, TRinv) had significantly poorer prognosis than NPn. IBTR that occurred close to the scar with in situ lesions and a positive surgical margin of the primary cancer (TR arising from a residual in situ lesion, TRis) had more late recurrences than NPcs. Precise pathological examinations indicated four distinct IBTR subtypes with different characteristics.     

穴位注射复方麝香注射液治疗急性脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹的临床观察

目的:观察穴位注射复方麝香注射液治疗真性延髓麻痹的临床疗效,并观察对其预后产生重要作用的血栓素TXB2和前列环素6-keto-PGF1a的影响。方法:将60例真性延髓麻痹患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组30例。治疗组采用穴位注射复方麝香注射液并配合基本药物治疗,对照组采用单纯基本药物治疗。观察2组治疗前后吞咽功能、言语功能及血浆TXB2和前列环素6-keto-PGF1a的变化。结果:治疗组吞咽功能的愈显率和总有效率分别为36.6%和86.6%,对照组分别为6.6%和56.6%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组言语功能的愈显率和总有效率分别为33.3%和73.3%,对照组分别为6.6%和50.0%,:2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后血浆TXB2和前列环素6-ketoPGF1a含量与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01,P0.05)。治疗组治疗后血浆TXB2和前列环素6-keto-PGF1a含量与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:穴位注射复方麝香注射液是一种治疗急性脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹的有效方式,能较大程度地提高患者吞咽功能和言语功能,并促进TXB2、6-keto-PGF1a的均衡。     

Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Micro-Sphere with a Diameter of Several Tens of Micrometers

A new method to fabricate an integrated optical fiber micro-sphere with a diameter within 100 µm, based on the optical fiber tapering technique and the Taguchi method is proposed. Using a 125 µm diameter single-mode (SM) optical fiber, an optical fiber taper with a cone angle is formed with the tapering technique, and the fabrication optimization of a micro-sphere with a diameter of less than 100 µm is achieved using the Taguchi method. The optimum combination of process factors levels is obtained, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of three quality evaluation parameters and the significance of each process factors influencing them are selected as the two standards. Using the minimum zone method (MZM) to evaluate the quality of the fabricated optical fiber micro-sphere, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical fitting image of its surface profile and the true sphericity are subsequently realized. From the results, an optical fiber micro-sphere with a two-dimensional (2D) diameter less than 80 µm, 2D roundness error less than 0.70 µm, 2D offset distance between the micro-sphere center and the fiber stylus central line less than 0.65 µm, and true sphericity of about 0.5 µm, is fabricated.     

True and false alibis among prisoners and their detection by police detectives

The present study was designed to determine whether differences exist between true and false alibis and how accurate police detectives and lay people are in determining the veracity of alibis. This article provides a replication of the research by Culhane et al. (2013 Culhane, S. E., Kehn, A., Horgan, A. J., Meissner, C. A., Hosch, H. M., &; Wodahl, E. J. (2013). Generation and detection of true and false alibi statements. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20, 619–638. doi:10.1080/13218719.2012.729018[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) with more representative participants. In the first experiment, real suspects in a remand prison generated true or false alibis. In the second experiment, a subset of those alibis were written out and were provided to experienced police officers and students for alibi evaluation and discrimination. Our results show that differentiating between true and false alibis is difficult, and even when more representative materials and participants are included, the accuracy did not exceed 60%. Interestingly we found that students and police officers focus on other aspects during the alibi discrimination. Thus, research using student participant cannot be, directly, used in alibi discrimination studies.     

Metabolic clues regarding the enhanced performance of elite endurance athletes from orchiectomy-induced hormonal changes

This article examines the metabolic performance of an elite cyclist, Lance Armstrong, before and after his diagnosis with testicular cancer. Although a champion cyclist in 1-day events prior to his diagnosis of testicular cancer at age 25, he was not a contender in multi-day endurance cycle races such as the 3-week Tour de France. His genetic makeup and physiology (high VO2max, long femur, strong heavy build) coupled with his ambition and motivation enabled him at an early age to become one of the best 1-day cyclists in the world. Following his cancer diagnosis, he underwent a unilateral orchiectomy, brain surgery and four cycles of chemotherapy. After recovering, he returned to cycling and surprisingly excelled in the Tour de France, winning this hardest of endurance events 7 years running. This dramatic transformation from a 1-day to a 3-week endurance champion has led many to query how this is possible, and under the current climate, has led to suggestions of doping as to the answer to this metamorphosis. Physiological tests following his recovery indicated that physiological parameters such as VO2max were not affected by the unilateral orchiectomy and chemotherapy. We propose that his dramatic improvement in recovery between stages, the most important factor in winning multi-day stage races, is due to his unilateral orchiectomy, a procedure that results in permanent changes in serum hormones. These hormonal changes, specifically an increase in gonadotropins (and prolactin) required to maintain serum testosterone levels, alter fuel metabolism; increasing hormone sensitive lipase expression and activity, promoting increased free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization to, and utilization by, muscles, thereby decreasing the requirement to expend limiting glycogen stores before, during and after exercise. Such hormonal changes also have been associated with ketone body production, improvements in muscle repair and haematocrit levels and may facilitate the loss of body weight, thereby increasing power to weight ratio. Taken together, these hormonal changes act to limit glycogen utilization, delay fatigue and enhance recovery thereby allowing for optimal performances on a day-to-day basis. These insights provide the foundation for future studies on the endocrinology of exercise metabolism, and suggest that Lance Armstrong's athletic advantage was not due to drug use.     

血清MMP-11、TGF-β1水平在胸主动脉瘤患者中的检测意义

目的 探究血清基质金属蛋白酶11（MMP-11）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β1）水平在胸主动脉瘤患者中的检测意义。方法 选取我院2020年7月~2020年12月收治的30例胸主动脉瘤患者为研究对象,将其纳入研究组;再以30例健康体检志愿者为对照,将其纳入对照组。对比两组受试者初检时血清MMP-11、TGF-β1表达水平差异,经Pearson相关系数分析胸主动脉瘤患者血清MMP-11与血清TGF-β1水平的相关性;根据病理类型,将研究组患者分为真性动脉瘤组和主动脉夹层动脉瘤组两个亚组,比较其血清MMP-11、TGF-β1水平的差异。结果 研究组血清MMP-11、TGF-β1水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;胸主动脉瘤患者血清MMP-11与血清TGF-β1水平呈正相关性（P<0.05）;真性动脉瘤组患者血清MMP-11、TGF-β1水平明显高于主动脉夹层动脉瘤组（P<0.05）。结论 胸主动脉瘤患者中血清MMP-11表达与TGF-β1调控关系密切,了解MMP-11、TGF-β1表达水平有利于临床防治胸主动脉瘤。     

On Characteristics of Ferritic Steel Determined during the Uniaxial Tensile Test

Tensile uniaxial test is typically used to determine the strength and plasticity of a material. Nominal (engineering) stress-strain relationship is suitable for determining properties when elastic strain dominates (e.g., yield strength, Young’s modulus). For loading conditions where plastic deformation is significant (in front of a crack tip or in a neck), the use of true stress and strain values and the relationship between them are required. Under these conditions, the dependence between the true values of stresses and strains should be treated as a characteristic—a constitutive relationship of the material. This article presents several methodologies to develop a constitutive relationship for S355 steel from tensile test data. The constitutive relationship developed was incorporated into a finite element analysis of the tension test and verified with the measured tensile test data. The method of the constitutive relationship defining takes into account the impact of high plastic strain, the triaxiality stress factor, Lode coefficient, and material weakness due to the formation of microvoids, which leads to obtained correctly results by FEM (finite elements method) calculation. The different variants of constitutive relationships were applied to the FEM loading simulation of the three-point bending SENB (single edge notched bend) specimen to evaluate their applicability to the calculation of mechanical fields in the presence of a crack.