Glial process elongation and branching in the developing murine neocortex: a qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis

Cells of astroglial lineage in the murine cerebrum undergo a succession of transformations during prenatal and early postnatal development. The bipolar radial cell, the earliest astroglial form to appear, provides a radially aligned, parallel array of fibers that serves as a guide to neuronal migration. The multipolar astrocyte is the representative of this lineage that persists in the adult cerebrum. The processes of the multipolar astrocytes form a complex reticulum, which is considered critical to the development, function, and maintenance of neural circuits. A monopolar radial cell appears to be transitional between the two. The shift from the radial glial fiber system to a diffuse glial network is achieved largely in the E17-P2 interval in the mouse. This phenomenon has been studied qualitatively and quantitatively by staining cerebral tissue with monoclonal antibody RC2, a specific and sensitive ligand for cells of astroglial lineage in the mouse. Elongation and branching of glial processes contribute to the glial transformation. Elongation of radial fibers occurs under the guidance of other radial glial fibers (fasciculated elongation) or independently of other fibers (nonfasciculated elongation). Fasciculated elongation results in an increase in the density of radial glial fibers that span the cortical layers. Nonfasciculated elongation appears to be associated with process branching. This is the initial event in transformation of the bipolar radial cells to monopolar radial or multipolar cells. Only nonfasciculated elongation is characteristic of processes of the monopolar radial cells and multipolar astrocytes. Branching of the processes of all three cell forms appears to occur both by bifurcation at the elongating tip and by sprouting from the fiber shaft. Elongating fibers are tipped by growth cones that are relatively simple in shape as compared to those observed at the tips of elongating axons. Growth cones at the tips of nonfasciculated fibers are more complex in form than those at the tips of radial fibers elongating in contact with other radial fibers.     

大鼠食管癌前上皮细胞(RE_(46))体外培养的生物学特性

在用体内-体外结合的方法建起了一株食管癌前恶性转化细胞系RE_(26-3)的基础上,用同样的方法建立了另一株不具备恶性转化的癌前细胞系RE_(46).提示两者病理形态上均为不典型增生,通过体外培养RE(46)细胞生物学上只有癌前细胞的特性不具恶性转化潜能,不能继续传代,而RE_(26-3)逐步显示各种恶性转化细胞的生物学特征,建成癌细胞系.     

金利油对小鼠免疫功能的影响

金利油灌胃对 ICR 小鼠血清溶血素形成及 SRBC 诱导的迟发型超敏反应均有抑制作用,并可减轻小鼠脾及胸腺的重量,但对碳廓清率无明显影响。该药在体外可抑制 Con A 诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖。     

Influence of the mucosal epithelium microenvironment on Langerhans cells: Implications for the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix

We have addressed the notion that the initiation and progression of human papillomavirus associated cancer of the uterine cervix are associated with alterations of Langerhans cells (LC) within the mucosal squamous epithelium. Since the transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix is the site where the majority of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) are initiated, in contrast to the exocervix, we decided to investigate the influence of the local microenvironment within the TZ on the function and density of LC. We show that the TZ is associated with a significant reduction in the density of immature LC (CD1a/LAG) compared to the exocervix. In contrast, the development of SILs is attributed with a relative increased density of immature LC, compared to the TZ. Furthermore, we show that this variability in LC density is correlated with a differential expression of TNFα and MIP3α within the micro‐environment of the TZ and SILs. Both TZ and SIL epithelium‐derived LC, in the presence of allogeneic PBMC, induced lower levels of proliferation and IL2 production and higher levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL10 in comparison to the exocervix. Nevertheless, the epithelium‐derived LC in SILs exhibits a reduction in their functional activity, relative to the TZ. Together our studies suggest that the immunosurveillance within the epithelium of the TZ may be intrinsically perturbed due to the altered expression of chemokines/cytokines and the concomitant diminished density of LC. Furthermore, following HPV infection and the development of SILs, the function of LC may be further incapacitated by viral associated mechanisms. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓组织学变异的探讨

本文报道16例慢性粒细胞白血病(CGL)骨髓活检组织学变异的结果,其中CGL慢性期初治6例,复治4例;CGL急变4例和完全缓解2例。各期骨髓组织学变化与细胞成分和造血细胞过度增生有关。急变期可出现骨小梁紊乱、水肿和坏死等。骨髓细胞学检查2例完全缓解,骨髓组织学检查仅1例完全缓解。纤维组织增生在各期均可发生,完全缓解时似可恢复正常,增生是病情进展和预后不良的指征。     

An Engineering Model of Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty. II. Clinical Applications

Previously, a modification to the Sunagawa engineering model for the isolated left ventricle and arterial system was proposed and validated for dynamic cardiomyoplasty in an acute goat preparation. To test the hypothesis that this model may be applied to the clinical scenario in cardiomyoplasty patients, we predicted human stroke volume using the model with human clinical data from the literature. Predicted stroke volume correlated well with published stroke volume in patients who have had the dynamic cardiomyoplasty procedure. These results suggest that the modest hemodynamic improvement commonly reported after the procedure is performed may be due to diminished latissimus dorsi strength after transformation. The validity of both the original Sunagawa model and the previously proposed modification for dynamic cardiomyoplasty is further supported with these results. A nomogram methodology for predicting stroke volume after dynamic cardiomyoplasty for any particular patient is presented.     

短波紫外线照射对T淋巴细胞的影响

用136mJ/cm~2短波紫外线照射小鼠,T细胞转化受抑制,抑制率为56％,此作用照射后12小时最为明显,36小时恢复正常。同等剂量照射下对T辅助细胞产生白介素2及胸腺细胞自发增殖无显著性影响。用特大剂量1085mJ/cm~2照射,T细胞转化无显著变化。     

Isolation and characterization of cell wall and cytoplasmic antigens and peripheral blood leukocyte responses in rabbits immunized with Candida albicans

Summary The aim of this study is to carry out enzymatic digestion of cell wall polysaccharides using β-(1–3)-glucanase to prepare antigen extracts of cell wall and cytoplasma of Candida albicans. These antigens were used to measure in vitro lymphocyte transformation and in vivo skin test responses in rabbits following inoculation with living C. albicans. The results of this study show that both cell-wall and cytoplasmic antigens of C. albicans in both the yeast and mycelial phases induce high levels of transformation in the infected host. The in vivo skin test, which gave indurated reactions typical of delayed type hypersensitivity, confirmed the in vitro findings. In addition, the in vitro cellular responses were not influenced in any major way by the presence of immune serum. Whole blood and purified leukocyte microculture techniques were established to test cellular reactivity in vitro. Although no report was found in the literature previously on the use of the whole blood leukocyte (WBL) assay system for the measurement of cellular mediated immune (CMI) responses to Candida antigens, the correlation between the WBL and peripheral blood leukocyte assay system indicates that its use is a valid way to measure CMI in vitro. The nature of the cells involved in the in vitro response of immunized rabbits was further characterized. Leukocyte cultures depleted of T-cells, B-cells or monocytes showed that T-cells and monocytes were essential for the production of the transformation response in vitro.     

柴油机排出颗粒物不同分离组分对SHE细胞恶性转化作用的研究

应用ＳＨＥ细胞对柴油机排出颗粒物不分离组分进行细胞毒性的转化试验，结果表明，各种组分具有明显的诱导ＳＨＥ细胞恶性转化的能力，并在一定范围内存在剂量－反应关系，不同分离组分其细胞毒辣性有所差别。     

Methodology for cell transformation assays with C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts

Summary Basic cell culture conditions required for execution of cell transformation studies with C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts are described. These protocols permit assessment of the ability of chemicals to convert nontumorigenic C3H/10T1/2 cells to a tumorigenic phenotype characterized by altered controls upon in vitro cell division. Recent assay modifications that enhance the sensitivity of this focus formation assay and permit the study of multistage transformation processes are noted.