结直肠子宫内膜异位症恶变的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症在育龄期妇女中是一种相对常见的病变，但肠道的子宫内膜异位组织恶变比较罕见。其病因未明，目前用以解释其起源的理论较多。尽管目前针对这种少见疾病无标准治疗方法，但是根治性手术结合术后辅助治疗的模式可作为一种治疗选择。     

Phyllodes tumor with a benign heterologous osseous component: a diagnostic challenge

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast and constitute 0.3–1% of all primary breast tumors. They should be characterized in to a benign, borderline or malignant category based on a combination of histological features. PTs can show heterologous components, typically sarcomatous, including osteosarcomatous and chondrosarcomatous. Benign heterologous components are exceedingly rare with only one prior reported case in the English literature. This case emphasizes how difficult establishing a correct diagnosis in PTs with heterologous components can be, especially when the tumor consists mainly of a benign heterologous component. We report the case of a 65 year old woman with a recurrent breast tumor initially misdiagnosed as benign osseous metaplasia. The tumor re‐occurred as a malignant PT dominated by benign osseous and chondroid metaplasia. Multiple metastases consisting of primarily mature bone and cartilage were seen in the lungs. On microscopic revision and considering the clinical course the primary breast tumor was re‐classified as a borderline PT.     

Clonal evidence for the development of neuroblastoma with extensive copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity arising in a mature teratoma

Mature teratomas are usually benign tumors that rarely undergo malignant transformation. We report an advanced neuroblastoma arising in a mature teratoma of the ovary. Whole-exome sequencing identified extensive copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in both neuroblastoma and teratoma elements, suggesting that the neuroblastoma evolved from the teratoma. In addition, several truncating germline heterozygous variants in tumor suppressor genes, including RBL2 and FBXW12, became homozygous as a result of LOH. Collectively, we speculate that extensive LOH in teratoma cells may force heterozygous germline variants to become homozygous, which, in turn, may contribute to the development of neuroblastoma with the acquisition of additional chromosomal changes.     

Paradigms and parallels: A commentary on the transformation of the self East and West

Ways of gaining enhanced self understanding have developed in every culture. A modern way of referring to this understanding is insight, defined as the individual's understanding of associations between past and present, typical relationship patterns and their vicissitudes, emotional experiences, and psychological symptoms. This paper explores the similarities and differences among the approaches developed in Europe, the United States, and Asia. An example of evolving changes in psychoanalytic theory and practice in the United States, embodied in the body of work called “self psychology” is described as an illustration of how “western” approaches may be incorporating wisdom from “eastern” practice.     

农杆菌转化法高效构建顶头孢霉sorA和sorB双缺失菌株提高头孢菌素C产量

目的 获得顶头孢霉sorA和sorB双缺失菌株，以阻断sorbicillinoids的合成，并研究其与头孢菌素C(CPC)产量的关系。方法 通过根癌农杆菌转化法，依据同源双交换的原理，同时敲除合成sorbicillinoids骨架结构的两个聚酮合酶基因sorA和sorB，并通过摇瓶发酵实验检测缺失菌和野生菌的产量。结果 筛选并验证了6株A. chrysogenum-?pks菌株，遗传稳定，转化效率约为20%。通过发酵实验测定发现，缺失菌株产CPC能力比野生菌提高了70%。结论 农杆菌转化法是一个高效的顶头孢霉遗传操作系统，并且顶头孢霉中sorbicillinoids的缺失可以提高CPC产量。     

Tendon regeneration induced by umbilical cord graft in a rabbit tendon defect model

Whether tendon regeneration can be induced using the umbilical cord as a whole‐graft structure is unknown. In this study, we explored the potential for tendon regeneration induction using an umbilical cord graft in a rabbit model of patella tendon defects. In 52 of 54 New Zealand White rabbits, the central third of the patella tendons of both hind legs was removed to create tendon defects. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, nonfilling (empty defect), refilling (defect refilled with resected tendon portion), Wharton's jelly (WJ) outside (WJO; defect filled with umbilical cord graft, WJ side facing outward), and WJ inside (WJI; same as WJO with WJ side facing inward) groups. Four rabbits from WJO and WJI groups were sacrificed for human CD 105 evaluation 1 month after surgery. Further histological, biomechanical, and gene expression analyses were performed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The untreated patella tendons in the remaining two rabbits were harvested as normal biomechanical controls. Histological evaluation showed that the formed tissue structure fibers in the tendon defect area were much denser and more mature in the WJI group than in all other groups. Biomechanical testing showed that the failure load of the final tissue structure was the highest in the WJI group. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the expression of most tendon‐related genes was upregulated in the WJI group at 6 months after surgery. We concluded that umbilical cord grafting induces effective tendon regeneration, particularly when the WJ side faces inward.     

Analysis of linear transformation models with covariate measurement error and interval censoring

Among several semiparametric models, the Cox proportional hazard model is widely used to assess the association between covariates and the time-to-event when the observed time-to-event is interval-censored. Often, covariates are measured with error. To handle this covariate uncertainty in the Cox proportional hazard model with the interval-censored data, flexible approaches have been proposed. To fill a gap and broaden the scope of statistical applications to analyze time-to-event data with different models, in this paper, a general approach is proposed for fitting the semiparametric linear transformation model to interval-censored data when a covariate is measured with error. The semiparametric linear transformation model is a broad class of models that includes the proportional hazard model and the proportional odds model as special cases. The proposed method relies on a set of estimating equations to estimate the regression parameters and the infinite-dimensional parameter. For handling interval censoring and covariate measurement error, a flexible imputation technique is used. Finite sample performance of the proposed method is judged via simulation studies. Finally, the suggested method is applied to analyze a real data set from an AIDS clinical trial.     

Supplementation of Aspergillus glaucus with gfdB gene encoding a glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans

In Aspergillus nidulans, there are two putative glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenases encoded by the genes gfdA and gfdB, while the genome of the osmophilic Aspergillus glaucus harbors only the ortholog of the A. nidulans gfdA gene. Our aim was to insert the gfdB gene into the genome of A. glaucus, and we reached this goal with the adaptation of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. We tested the growth of the gfdB-complemented A. glaucus strains on a medium containing 2 mol l^‒1 sorbitol in the presence of oxidative stress generating agents such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, H₂O₂, menadione sodium bisulfite, as well as the cell wall integrity stress-inducing agent Congo Red and the heavy metal stress eliciting CdCl₂. The growth of the complemented strains was significantly higher than that of the wild-type strain on media supplemented with these stress generating agents. The A. nidulans ΔgfdB mutant was also examined under the same conditions and resulted in a considerably lower growth than that of the control strain in all stress exposure experiments. Our results shed light on the fact that the gfdB gene from A. nidulans was also involved in the stress responses of the complemented A. glaucus strains supporting our hypothesis on the antioxidant function of GfdB in the Aspergilli. Nevertheless, the osmotolerant nature of A. glaucus could not be explained by the lack of the gfdB gene in A. glaucus, as we hypothesized earlier.