术前超声双重造影评价胃癌淋巴结转移

目的 在判断胃癌术前淋巴结转移中,通过与螺旋CT检查比较各自的正确率,探讨超声双重造影检查(DCUS)的价值.方法 选择150例经胃镜活检证实为胃癌并进行手术切除的患者,在手术前5d内进行DCUS及螺旋CT检查,根据肿瘤位置不同将各组淋巴结分为3站,对淋巴结转移个数和各站淋巴结转移情况进行术前判断,与术后病理检查结果对照得出正确率,并进行相互间比较.结果 根据淋巴结转移个数,DCUS检查和螺旋CT检查对阳性淋巴结判断总的正确率及N1、N2、N3各期的正确率分别为86.0％比81.4％、82.6％比73.9％、78.1％比75.0％及81.0％比76.2％,两者比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);根据阳性淋巴结分站不同,DCUS检查对第1站阳性淋巴结判断的正确率为88.6％,高于螺旋CT检查的68.6％(x2=4.158,P＜0.05),对第2站和第3站阳性淋巴结判断的正确率分别为74.1％比81.5％和71.4％比78.6％,两者之间相比差异均无统计学意义(均P ＞0.05).结论 在术前判断胃癌淋巴结转移方面DCUS检查有较好的应用价值,尤其是进行分站评价时,其第1站的正确率高于螺旋CT检查.     

Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 in the inner ear and middle ear in lipopolysaccharide-induced otitis media

Conclusion: Significant expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its receptor (CD74) was observed in both the middle ear and inner ear in experimental otitis media in mice. Modulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its signaling pathway might be useful in the management of inner ear inflammation due to otitis media.

Objectives: Inner ear dysfunction secondary to otitis media has been reported. However, the specific mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 in the middle ear and inner ear in lipopolysaccharide-induced otitis media.

Method: BALB/c mice received a transtympanic injection of either lipopolysaccharide or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The mice were sacrificed 24?h after injection, and temporal bones were processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, histologic examination, and immunohistochemistry.

Results: PCR examination revealed that the lipopolysaccharide-injected mice showed a significant up-regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in both the middle ear and inner ear as compared with the PBS-injected control mice. The immunohistochemical study showed positive reactions for macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 in infiltrating inflammatory cells, middle ear mucosa, and inner ear in the lipopolysaccharide-injected mice.     

Safety,reliability, and operability of cochlear implant electrode arrays coated with biocompatible polymer

Conclusion: Polymer-coated electrodes can reduce surgically-induced trauma associated with the insertion of a cochlear implant (CI) electrode array. Objectives: To evaluate if insertion trauma in CI surgery can be reduced by using electrode arrays coated with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer. Methods: We analyzed characteristics of the Contour Advance® electrode arrays coated with MPC polymer. To assess surgical trauma during electrode insertion, polymer-coated or uncoated (n = 5 each) animal electrode arrays were implanted in guinea pig cochleae and operability and electrophysiological and histological changes were assessed. Results: Under light and scanning electron microscopy, polymer-coated electrodes did not appear different from uncoated electrodes, and no change was observed after mechanical stressing of the arrays. Electrode insertion was significantly easier when polymer-coated electrodes were used. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds did not differ between groups, but p1-n1 amplitudes of the coated group were larger compared with the uncoated group at 32 kHz at 28 days after surgery. The survival of outer hair cells and spiral ganglion cells was significantly greater in the polymer-coated group.     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术对小儿气道异物的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术在小儿气道异物临床诊断中的应用价值。方法对我院39例疑似气道异物患儿行64排CT平扫后利用后处理技术重建图像资料,影像诊断为气道异物,并回访临床支气管镜下异物探查结果进行分析讨论。结果39例患儿中提供异物吸入史的为36例,37例支气管镜下异物探查取出术结果证实为阳性,准确率达95%,2例误诊,误诊率为5%;其中2例出现阻塞性肺炎,右侧支气管21例,左侧支气管15例,支气管分叉处1例。结论根据患儿有无吸入史,结合多层螺旋CT后处理技术后重建图像,对气道异物诊断、定位及临床治疗和预后提供了重要价值。     

Fast 3D functional magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T with spiral acquisition

A new method to perform rapid 3D fMRI in human brain is introduced and evaluated in normal subjects, on a standard clinical scanner at 1.5 Tesla. The method combines a highly stable gradient echo technique with a spiral scan method, to detect brain activation related changes in blood oxygenation with high sensitivity. A motor activation paradigm with a duration of less than 5 min, performed on 10 subjects, consistently showed significant changes in signal intensity in the area of the motor cortex. In all subjects, these changes survived high statistical thresholds.     

Comparison of PASL,PCASL, and background‐suppressed 3D PCASL in mild cognitive impairment

We compared three implementations of single‐shot arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: two‐dimensional (2D) pulsed ASL (PASL), 2D pseudocontinuous ASL (PCASL), and background‐suppressed (BS) 3D PCASL obtained in a cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elderly controls. Study subjects also underwent ¹⁸F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F‐FDG PET). While BS 3D PCASL showed the lowest (P < 0.001) gray matter–white matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) contrast ratio, it provided the highest (P < 0.001) temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio. Mean relative CBF estimated using the PCASL methods in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and hippocampus showed hypoperfusion in the MCI cohort compared to the controls consistent with hypometabolism measured by ¹⁸F‐FDG PET. BS 3D PCASL demonstrated the highest discrimination between controls and patients with effect size comparable to that seen with ¹⁸F‐FDG PET. 2D PASL did not demonstrate group differentiation with relative CBF in any ROI, whereas 2D PCASL demonstrated significant differences only in PCC and hippocampus. Mean global CBF values did not differ across methods and were highly correlated; however, the correlations were significantly higher (P < 0.001) when either the same labeling (PCASL) or the same acquisition strategy (2D) was used as compared to when both the labeling and readout methods differed. In addition, there were differences in regional distribution of CBF between the three modalities, which can be attributed to differences in sequence parameters. These results demonstrate the superiority of ASL with PCASL and BS 3D readout as a biomarker for regional brain function changes in MCI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5260–5273, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.