Series dead space volume assessed as the mean value of a distribution function

Series dead space (VdS) is assumed to be represented by that volume exhaled until alveolar gas is observed. Phase II of the single breath CO₂-diagram contains the (flow, concentration and sequence weighted) distribution off all stationary interfaces (SI) expired before phase III. We describe a new method to estimate the mean value of VdS based on the differentiation of phase II. This approximation of VdS is called the Pre Interface Expirate (PIE) and is compared in this study with the integrative approach of Langley. Tidal volume (Vt) and PEEP were varied from 71 to 123% and from 0 to 6 cmH₂O respectively.The estimation of VdS by differentiation of phase II (PIE) shows excellent reproducibility and depends only on phase II — not on phase III and IV as does VdS-Langley. PIE does not depend on Vt and PEEP per se but reflects the distension of convective airways due to elevated end-inspiratory airway pressure.Our results confirm the predictions of Paiva's model calculations in that the size of VdS is determined by the distension of airways rather than by the altered position of the SI.     

单病种护理质量控制在小儿特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的应用

目的 探讨单病种护理质量控制在小儿特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的应用效果。方法 将我院2020年1月—2021年6月收治的60例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿按照随机数字表法进行编号和分组,其中单号患儿纳入为对照组(30例),接受传统护理模式;双号为观察组(30例),按照小儿特发性血小板减少性紫癜护理质量控制标准分阶段实施评估,制定护理计划,落实护理措施。比较两组患儿:⑴临床治疗相关指标(治疗有效率、平均住院时间及住院费用);⑵护理水平相关指标(护理质量、护理人员业务能力);⑶护理效果相关指标(护理依从性、健康教育知晓率及护理满意度)。结果 ⑴观察组治疗总有效率为80.00%(24/30)高于对照组53.33%(16/30)(χ2=4.800,P=0.028);观察组住院时间及住院费用少于对照组(P<0.001);⑵观察组护理质量及护理人员业务能力高于对照组(P<0.001);⑶护理后,观察组护理依从性、健康教育知晓率及护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.006～0.010)。结论 实施单病种护理质量控制标准管理,有利于提高患儿临床治疗效果及护理效果,提升护理水平,缩短住院时间及费用。     

Vagally Mediated Gut-Brain Relationships in Appetite Control-Insights from Porcine Studies

Signals arising from the upper part of the gut are essential for the regulation of food intake, particularly satiation. This information is supplied to the brain partly by vagal nervous afferents. The porcine model, because of its sizeable gyrencephalic brain, omnivorous regimen, and comparative anatomy of the proximal part of the gut to that of humans, has provided several important insights relating to the relevance of vagally mediated gut-brain relationships to the regulation of food intake. Furthermore, its large size combined with the capacity to become obese while overeating a western diet makes it a pivotal addition to existing murine models, especially for translational studies relating to obesity. How gastric, proximal intestinal, and portal information relating to meal arrival and transit are encoded by vagal afferents and their further processing by primary and secondary brain projections are reviewed. Their peripheral and central plasticities in the context of obesity are emphasized. We also present recent insights derived from chronic stimulation of the abdominal vagi with specific reference to the modulation of mesolimbic structures and their role in the restoration of insulin sensitivity in the obese miniature pig model.     

脑血流SPECT断层显像对糖尿病脑血管病的早期检测

目的 评价脑血流SPECT断层显像对糖尿病脑血管病（DCD）的早期诊断价值。方法 用^99mTc-ECD对30例临床确诊2型糖尿病患者进行了脑血流SPECT断层显像,按脑正常解剖和脑SPECT图像应用解剖关系将有每侧大脑灰质分为11个区域,用目测法对每个区域的核素分布进行判定。结果 糖尿病组检出22人共60处有脑血流灌注异常减低,低灌注以颞叶发生率最高（33．33％）,提示脑缺血以大脑中动脉受累为主。糖尿病＜5年的异常影像主要表现为脑皮层限局性楔形样稀疏／缺损,随病程延长,尤其是＞10年者,主要表现为一叶皮层大范围核素分布稀疏,甚至还可伴有楔形病性,说明糖尿病病程也是影响DCD的主要因素。该法对诊断糖尿病缺血性脑血管病的灵敏度,特异性,准确性分别为73．33％,90．00％和80．00％。结论 脑血流SPECT断层显像能直观显示脑皮层缺血部位,范围及程度,有助于临床早期发现DCD,以达到积极治疗目的。     

Preliminary study of single nucleotide polymorphisms of PRPS2 gene in overproducing type of gouty patients

目的 :探讨编码人磷酸核糖焦磷酸合成酶亚单位 2的基因 PRPS2单核苷酸多态性与产生过剩型痛风患者的关系。方法 :利用聚合酶链反应扩增健康人和产生过剩型痛风患者 PRPS2基因全部外显 (包括外显子与内含子交界区 )的片段 ,采用多荧光标记的 PCR单链构象多态性分析技术对扩增的片段进行了筛选 ,对筛选到的片段进行序列测定 ,并与正常序列进行对照分析。结果 :在 PRPS2基因的第一个外显子区发现了一个 SNP( exon1+45A/G) ,第六个内含子区发现了一个 SNP ( intron6+12G/A) ,健康人与患者间的频率比较分别为 P =0 .0 96和 P =0 .2 73。结论 :提供了 PRPS2基因 SNP的数据库信息 ,为研究痛风发病机制提供了新的途径。     

Monitoring of biological responses of tumor cells after irradiation with99mTc-MIBI — Anin vitro study

Summary To explore the possibility to employ^99mTc-MIBI to monitor biological response of tumor cells after irradiation and to observe the relation between the radiation doses and the uptake levels of^99mTc-MIBI in tumor cells, the cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy respectively. The uptake of^99mTc-MIBI in each dosage group was determined before and 24, 48, 72 h after irradiation respectively. Apoptosis index (AI), plating efficiency (PE) of tumor cells was simultaneously determined. There was a positive correlation between uptake levels of^99mc-MIBI and AI(r = −0.91,P< 0.05). A negative correlation was noted between the uptake levels and PE (r = −0.86,P< 0.05). It is suggested that^99mTc-MIBI may be used as a tracer to monitor the change of viability state of tumor cells after being irradiated with different doses.     

激光照射对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

目的　研究激光照射的生物效应。方法　采用低能量He Ne激光照射小鼠 ,每天 1次 ,每次 10min ,照射 7天后 ,处死小鼠。测定小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的出现率。结果　经低能量He Ne激光照射的小鼠的细胞微核率与对照组比较无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　受低能量He Ne激光照射后小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率无显著增加 ,治疗用低能量的He Ne激光不会致突变     

人脑星形细胞瘤PTEN基因的突变

目的 探讨phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)基因突变在人星形细胞瘤发生和恶性进展中的作用。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性结合银染技术检测星形细胞瘤PTEN基因第5外显子区域的突变情况。结果 10例正常脑组织和10例良性脑膜瘤均无点突变发生,62例星形细胞瘤中7例（11．29％）有点突变发生,并且点突变发生与星形细胞瘤病理分级明显相关（P＜0．05）,其中高恶性度星形细胞瘤（Ⅲ－Ⅳ级）突变率（18．91％）明显高于低恶性度（Ⅰ－Ⅱ级）星形细胞瘤（P＜0．05）。结论 PTEN基因突变与星形细胞瘤病理分级关系密切,属于星形细胞瘤恶性进展的后期事件。     

单精子胞质内注射治疗严重男性不育和受精障碍102个周期的回顾性分析

回顾性分析从 1 998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月在我室接受单精子显微授精治疗的共 1 0 2个周期。以 2 0 0 0年2月为界 ,随着显微操作技术 ,的改进和操作环境的改善 ,后阶段单精子显微注射的存活率 (90 6 % )、受精率 (73 3 % )、胚胎发育率 (97 3 % )较前阶段 (分别为 68 8% ,39 0 % ,78 7% )有显著提高。两阶段临床妊娠率分别为 41 3 %和2 1 4% ,目前本室建立的单精子胞质内注射技术能有效地治疗临床严重男性不育和受精障碍