正常人眼筛板的结缔组织纤维结构

采用组化特染，透射电镜和图象分析仪观察了３５只正常人眼筛板结缔组织的纤维成分和结构形态，根据生物力学原理分析了筛束的力学性质和筛板的结构特征，探讨了筛板的损害形式和在眼压与视神经损害间的中介作用及其影响因素。结果显示，筛束含有细胞间质所有三种纤维，具有弹性、塑性和刚性三重复合性质，筛板纵向椭圆、筛束行径和密度象限性差异及筛板厚度个体性差异等与筛板抗损害性能有关。眼压对筛板作用有两种途径，筛板损害是     

An immediate light microscopic response of neuronal somata,dendrites and axons to contusing concussive head injury in the rat

Summary Thirty-four rats were killed by transcardial perfusion fixation 1 min after a contusing concussive head injury, and 17 rats 1 day later. From the results obtained with a new silver method demonstrating traumatically damaged neuronal somata, dendrites and axons the following conclusions were drawn: (1) outside the contused territories all features of traumatically induced neuronal argyrophilia are similar to those found in non-contusing concussive head injury, as reported in an accompanying paper; (2) within contused territories the neuronal argyrophilia is abolished by some substance released either from damaged blood vessels or from damaged parenchymal cells, while the neuronal damage otherwise underlying the induction of argyrophilia is present; (3) different phenotypes of neurons are vulnerable to different values of the parameters of the intracranial pressure wave generated by the trauma; (4) some of the neurons may recover from the traumatically induced argyrophilic damage; (5) traumatically induced inundation of neurons with extracellular tracers, as reported by other authors, and somato-dendritic argyrophilia may be different manifestations of one and the same phenomenon; and (6) diffuse primary traumatic axonal injury in human neuropathology may be closely correlated to axonal argyrophilia.     

Axonal swellings in human intramuscular nerves.

The presence, morphology, distribution, and abundance of axonal swellings in intramuscular nerves were evaluated. Axonal swellings were present in intramuscular nerves in 42% of 127 muscle biopsies from patients with a variety of conditions. The incidence was highest in muscle from patients with peripheral neuropathy, but swellings were present in muscle from patients with motor neuron disease, primary muscle diseases, and some individuals without clinical or histological evidence of neuromuscular disease. The greatest number of swellings in intramuscular nerves was in muscle from patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. Swellings were spherical or elliptical, 4-20 microns in diameter, 5-30 microns in length, and composed of neurofilaments. Swellings were present only in myelinated axons of intramuscular nerves, proximal to nodes of Ranvier or in internodal regions. Swellings were not associated with axonal degeneration. They were probably not transported. The formation or accumulation of swellings may reflect altered axonal dynamics common to a number of disease processes.     

Reperfusion injury of pancreas allografts: relation to islet cell function

It is unknown to what extent preservation and/or reperfusion may damage islet cells in pancreas allografts. In this study, the release of insulin after reperfusion was used as a marker of injury to the islet cell and compared with the best insulin secretory response (ISR) after glucagon stimulation over a period of 100 days after pancreas transplantation.     

改良前肩峰成形术治疗肩部撞击症23例的临床报告

目的分析、总结、改良前肩峰成形术治疗肩部撞击症的临床疗效。方法本组23例肩部撞击症患者为研究组,全部采用改良前肩峰成形术。另23例为对照组,采用传统手术方法。结果两组治疗结果经统计学处理具有显著意义(P<0.05),研究组23例肩部撞击症患者全部治愈。结论改良前肩峰成形术治疗肩部撞击症,使肩峰下间隙充分减压,以消除撞击因素,维持肩关节原有的解剖结构,保留第二肩关节的完整性,手术创伤小,早期功能锻练,肩关节功能恢复满意,明显优于对照组。     

Activity and distribution of phosphoinositidase C in rat sciatic nerve.

The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by rat sciatic nerve cytosolic phosphoinositidase C [phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PIC)] was studied at neutral pH and at ionic concentrations that approximate intracellular conditions. The principal water-soluble product formed was shown to be inositol trisphosphate by anion exchange chromatography. The maximum hydrolysis rate (2.5 nmol/min/mg protein) was achieved at less than 100 nM Ca2+. Hydrolysis was markedly increased to 15 nmol/min/mg protein by inclusion of K+ in the reaction mixture. In the presence of 200 mM K+, the optimum Ca2+ was increased to approximately 600 nM. Higher Ca2+ concentrations progressively inhibited PIP2 hydrolysis. Mg2+ also inhibited the reaction, but the presence of equimolar amounts of ATP and Mg2+ had no effect. Appreciable degradation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) also occurred in the nanomolar Ca2+ range, whereas breakdown of phosphatidylinositol (PI) required millimolar Ca2+. The presence of PIP but not PI inhibited PIP2 hydrolysis. Upon subcellular fractionation of nerve, more than 50% of recovered PIC activity was in the cytosol and about 20% was located in a myelin-enriched fraction. Using PIP2 as substrate, PIC activities in nerves from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals were not different. However, the myelin-associated enzyme from diabetic animals was more labile to freezing and thawing.     

Macrophage-like cells from explant cultures of rat sciatic nerve produce apolipoprotein E

Apolipoprotein E is synthesized and secreted by degenerating peripheral nerve, but the role of resident endoneurial cells in this process is not clear. To exclude the involvement of nonresident cells, we examined the cellular source of endoneurial apolipoprotein E in explant cultures of rat sciatic nerve. The cellular outgrowth from these explant cultures released apolipoprotein E into the culture medium. The cellular outgrowth contained fibroblasts, Schwann cells, and a population of cells with many phenotypic characteristics of macrophages, including the production of apolipoprotein E. No other cell type in the cultures appeared to contribute to this production. These data suggest that apolipoprotein E is produced by resident endoneurial cells in explant cultures and that these cells are macrophages.     

The trajectory of the sympathetic nerve fibers to the rat cochlea as revealed by anterograde and retrograde WGA-HRP tracing

Wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was injected in the unilateral superior cervical ganglion (SCG), and the projection pathways of postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the cochlea were traced in the rat. The labeled axons advanced along the internal carotid artery (ICA), and a few advanced caudally in the major petrosal nerve (MPN) and entered the facial nerve, while the majority ran rostral to the pterygopalatine ganglion at the point where they crossed the MPN in the carotid canal. The rest of the labeled fibers remained on the surface of the ICA and advanced to the cranial cavity. Most of the labeled fibers along the facial nerve joined the cochlear nerve and finally reached the osseous spiral lamina through the spiral ganglion. Some of the labeled fibers ran along the anterior inferior cerebellar artery from the basilar artery which was previously thought to have been the only pathway. We could not find any labeled fiber on the modiolar artery from anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the cochlea. These observations are consistent with our hypothesis that the sympathetic fibers innervating the neural tissues or related structures follow nerve fibers and meninges as matrices of projection pathways rather than arteries.     

The traumatic dural sinus injury — a clinical study

Summary In a period of 13 years 978 cases of severe head injuries were operated on in our clinic. An analysis of the medical reports includes injuries of the superficial dural sinus (39 cases=4%): among these injuries of the anterior and central part of the superior sagittal sinus (66 per cent), injuries of the transverse sinus (18 per cent), injuries of the posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus (8 per cent), and combined injuries of different dural sinuses (8 per cent).Clinical data, i.e. the causes of accident, radiological examination results, intracranial lesions, operation technqiues and outcome are analysed and discussed. The analysis of cases with dural sinus injuries shows a high mortality rate (total mortality rate: 16 patients=41%; intra-operative mortality rate: 8 patients=20%).     

MEDIAN NERVE INJURY AND THE TRANSVERSE WRIST CREASE INCISION IN OPEN CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE

The author has recently had referred to him three patients with median nerve injuries who have had open carpal tunnel decompression via a small transverse wrist incision. Despite previous adverse reports, some surgeons persist with this technique.