导航在长骨干骨折髓内钉固定中的应用

目的阐述透视导航技术在长骨干(股骨和胫骨)骨折,特别是在术中远端交锁髓内钉固定中的应用。探索在导航条件下术中应用髓内钉图像库开展远端交锁固定的可行性。此外,医用机器人的开发旨在被进一步用来改善手术程序的精确性。方法导航手术下,55例行股骨远端交锁钉固定和36例行胫骨远端交锁钉固定。其中13例术中应用图像库开展远端交锁固定。结果远端交锁固定成功率为97%。结论透视导航在长骨干骨折术中,使远端髓内交锁钉固定成功率增高。图像库的应用可以进一步减少患者和手术人员的X线辐射剂量。     

菲立磁标记兔BMSCs自体移植脊髓后的核磁共振活体示踪及形态学研究

目的通过观察菲立磁标记兔骨髓源性神经干细胞(BMSCs)自体移植脊髓后的核磁共振活体示踪及形态,期待找到一种应用非侵袭性方法来识别、跟踪BMSCs的存活状态及与宿主组织整合情况的方法。方法无菌条件下股骨取骨髓,梯度密度离心法分离获取兔骨髓基质细胞;使用“Feridex-多聚赖氨酸复合物(FE-PLL)”标记骨髓基质细胞,采用普鲁士兰染色和台盼蓝排除实验等方法鉴定FE-PLL标记兔骨髓基质细胞的效率和细胞的活力;体外标记的细胞自体脊髓移植,磁共振、免疫组织化学染色和透射电镜检查。结果普鲁士蓝染色显示FE-PLL标记骨髓基质细胞胞质内出现细小的蓝色铁颗粒;与正常未标记的细胞相比较,FE-PLL标记对骨髓基质细胞的活力、增殖和分化等能力没有明显的影响;经菲立磁标记的兔BMSCs自体脊髓移植后,可在核磁共振上活体示踪。结论菲立磁与核磁共振联合可无创性活体标记检测移植的神经干细胞基本的存在部位、存在方式及其一些生物学特性,可以用来活体示踪移植的BMSCs。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞与多孔双相磷酸钙陶瓷支架体外黏附的实验研究

目的研究大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(marrowmesenchymalstemcells,MSCs)诱导培养后在多孔双相磷酸钙(biphasiccalciumphosphate,BCP)陶瓷支架材料上的黏附和生长。方法SD大鼠MSCs经矿化诱导培养、扩增,具有成骨细胞表型后,与多孔BCP陶瓷支架及普通多孔羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)陶瓷支架体外复合培养,扫描电镜观察比较MSCs在两种材料支架表面的黏附数量和形态;同时以0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0和4.0×106/ml浓度细胞悬液接种于多孔BCP支架材料,检测适宜的接种浓度及单位体积支架材料可黏附MSCs数量。结果大鼠MSCs经诱导培养14d后,行矿化沉积茜素红染色、型胶原免疫细胞化学染色及碱性磷酸酶细胞化学染色,结果均为阳性。大鼠MSCs黏附于多孔BCP陶瓷上的细胞数(88.00±6.58)明显高于HA陶瓷组(39.00±3.65),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。当接种浓度为2.0×106/ml时,单位体积的陶瓷支架材料最多可黏附MSCs数量为1.28×107个/cm3,为细胞适宜接种浓度。结论大鼠MSCs在体外经矿化诱导培养可表达成骨细胞表型,细胞浓度为2.0×106/ml时与多孔BCP陶瓷支架材料具有良好的黏附能力。     

体表面积、体质量指数对老年骨质疏松的影响

目的探讨体表面积（BS）、体质量、体质量指数（BMI）对老年人骨密度（BMD）的影响。方法用双能X线骨密度仪测定1794例老年人腰椎、髋关节的BMD值，并对其与BS等指标进行相关回归分析。结果BS大的老年人其BMD大于BS小者，有显著性差异。在各种指标与BMD的相关性比较中，BS与BMD的相关性最好，其后依次为：体质量、身高、OSTA得分（亚洲人自我骨质疏松筛查工具）、BMI。结论BS比BMI等指标更能反映出人体体型对老年人BMD的影响。     

Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: Lack of association with distal renal tubular acidosis

Background and Aims: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) might be complicated by osteoporosis, whose etiology remains unknown but seems to be multifactorial. Prevalence rates of 30% to 60% for distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) have been reported in PBC patients, generally as incomplete DRTA. Although it is undisputed that a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is the expected outcome among patients who have been suffering from longstanding chronic metabolic acidosis, it is unclear if incomplete DRTA is also associated with metabolic bone disease in PBC patients. The present study was undertaken to compare the BMD of PBC patients with and without DRTA.
Methods: The BMD of 23 PBC patients (11 with DRTA and 12 without), all with normal clearance of creatinine, was assessed by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry. The diagnosis of DRTA was made if the urine pH was above 5.4 in all samples after the oral acid overload, showing tubular inability to acidify urine in the presence of test-induced systemic metabolic acidosis.
Results: Densitometric signs of osteoporosis were found in 82% of DRTA cases and in 83% of patients without DRTA (difference not significant). There were no significant differences in BMD measurement, T and Z scores of patients with and without DRTA.
Conclusions: The present study could not support a correlation between the presence of DRTA and the bone loss observed in PBC patients.     

放射治疗71例骨转移癌止痛效果分析

目的观察低于常规剂量的2种分割方式治疗骨转移性疼痛的疗效。方法71例恶性肿瘤晚期骨转移患者,总计93处骨转移灶,根据疼痛程度及行动受限程度,采取2种均低于常规剂量的分割方式进行放射治疗,分别为Dm30Gy/10f/2W,Dm30Gy/6f/2W。观察疼痛缓解情况。结果2种分割方式止痛有效率分别为88%、95%。两组间无显著差异性(P>0.05)。与国内多数文献报告的结果接近。结论低于常规剂量的分割方式对转移性骨痛疗效与常规剂量的分割方式的疗效相当,且简便易行。     

基因转移FasL治疗人黑素瘤的实验研究

目的探讨体内外基因转移F as配体(F as-ligand,F asL)对恶性人黑素瘤细胞凋亡的影响。方法用携带人F asL cDNA的缺陷型重组腺病毒(A d-F asL),在体外转导两株黑素瘤细胞,并使其表达;通过流式细胞仪、RT-PCR法进行F as/F asL表达检测,TUNEL法及荧光显微镜相关凋亡检测、分析。建立人黑素瘤裸鼠模型,并对其进行体内疗效观察及病理学检查。结果流式细胞仪和RT-PCR检测两株黑素瘤细胞表面均表达F as,不表达F asL,而A d-F asL转导的两株黑素瘤细胞均能表达F asL;A d-F asL能显著诱导两株黑素瘤细胞在体外凋亡或抑制其生长。体内疗效观察黑素瘤荷瘤鼠模型治疗组瘤重(0.48±0.16)g与对照组瘤重(1.02±0.19)g相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。肿瘤组织形态学检查,治疗组可见肿瘤细胞凋亡坏死区及炎性细胞浸润。结论F asL基因重组腺病毒在体内外均具有显著诱导人黑素瘤细胞凋亡的效果。     

肝病患者血清诱导间充质干细胞表达肝细胞特异性标志物的实验研究

目的：观察重型肝病患者血清对人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）的诱导分化作用，探讨人MSCs分离培养、体外扩增的条件和方法。方法：从肋骨分离、培养人骨髓MSCs、体外扩增培养、鉴定，并采用重型肝病患者血清诱导培养，分别在诱导培养0、7、14、21、28天时留取细胞，并采用免疫细胞化学方法检测肝特异性标志物（AFP、Alb、CK-18）、用PAS进行糖原染色实验。结果：诱导后5天、MSCs表现为肝细胞样细胞，随着诱导培养时间的延长，肝特异性标志物逐渐出现和成熟。AFP在7天时表达水平最高，培养14、21、28天时表达逐渐减弱；Alb、CK- 18和糖原随着诱导时间的延长，表达逐渐增强。结论：密度梯度离心，贴壁培养和消化时间控制相结合，是一种较为有效的分离纯化方法。重型肝病患者血清能诱导骨髓MSCs表达肝细胞的特异性标志物。     

Effect of naringin on bone cells.

Statin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, was shown to increase BMP-2 gene expression for bone formation, by blocking the mevalonate pathway in cholesterol production. We investigated the effect of naringin, a flavonoid available commonly in citrus fruits, which was also a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in UMR 106 osteoblastic cell line in vitro. The control group consisted of cells cultured without any intervention for different time intervals (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h), whereas the experimental (naringin) group consisted of cells cultured with naringin of different concentrations (0.001 micromol/L, 0.01 micromol/L, and 0.1 micromol/L) for the same time intervals of the control. Colorimetric Tetrazolium (MTT) assay, total protein content assay, and alkaline phosphatase activity were used to measure the cellular activities. Results for the naringin group showed an increase in MTT assay compared with the control and the effect was dose dependent. At high concentration (0.1 micromol), the increases ranged from 60% to 80%. In the total protein content assay, naringin also showed an increase compared with control and the effect was also dose dependent. At high concentration (0.1 micromol), the increases ranged from 9% to 20%. In the alkaline phosphatase activity assay, naringin at high concentration (0.1 micromol) significantly increased the activity up to 20%. In conclusion, naringin significantly increased bone cell activities in vitro. This is the first study specifically attempted to investigate the effect of naringin on bone cell activities. Besides statin, this provided another example of mevalonate pathway blockage in the cholesterol production pathway by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition will increase the bone cell activities.     

氯氮平对51例精神病患者骨髓象的影响

精神病女性患者５１例，服用氯氮平１００－３５０ｍｇ／ｄ，共４２ｄ。２２例骨髓象由用药前的增生活跃变为增生明显活跃，骨髓粒细胞系统所占比例明显增多；２９例无变化。未见骨髓抑制者。