Outbreak of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Military Recruits

Background

Between 04 Mar 2002 to 21 Mar 2002, 31 cases of pneumonia were admitted at a military hospital in South India. Most of these cases were young recruits. The out break was investigated to ascertain the cause and suggest preventive measures.

Methods

Detailed epidemiological history was taken from all 31 cases and 100 controls. Case sheets, laboratory reports and chest radiographs were studied. Laboratory investigations included sputum examination by Gram stain and blood cultures on brain heart infusion broth. Cultures grown on liquid media were subcultured on solid media. The regimental centre was visited to note the living and environmental conditions.

Results

Epidemiological investigations revealed overcrowding in the regimental centre. The space per recruit was below recommended standards. 51.6% of recruits who contacted pneumonia were sleeping on double deckers as compared to 21% of healthy controls. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae in 25.8% of the cases. Chest radiograph showed consolidation typical of lobar pneumonia in 67% of the cases.

Conclusion

The outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia occurred due to overcrowding. Chilly weather conditions and stress were contributing factors.Key Words: Military recruits, Outbreak, Overcrowding, Pneumococcal, Pneumonia     

某部新兵新训期间伤病发生情况的研究

目的了解部队新兵在集训期间军事训练伤发生的特点和规律，为防治伤病提供科学依据。方法根据《中国人民解放军军事训练伤诊断分类标准》进行统计分类，计算不同类别、部位伤病人数的分布情况和伤病发生的时间分布。结果202名新兵（83．12％）发生急性损伤，好发部位为踝关节（25．51％）。在时间分布上，训练伤的发生有2个高峰，分别集中在2、3周（此时新兵尚未适应军事训练）和7、8、9周（此时训练强度加大）。结论军事训练伤的发生类别和部位均呈集中发病的特点。训练伤发生的时间也有所集中；根据调查结果，可以有针对的实施预防保护措施。     

武警女兵新兵774例月经变化情况的调查研究

 目的了解武警女兵新兵入伍后的月经情况及影响月经的各种因素,以便制定相应的防治措施,为保障女兵身心健康及正常训练,提供有效参考数据.方法调查某地区新入伍女兵774例,并以地方新入学女大学生310例为对照组.观察女兵和女生入伍(入学)1～12个月的月经变化情况.结果女兵入伍后3个月时,月经异常发生率为56.3%,女生为17.4%,两组间差异非常显著.在入伍(入学)3个月时的月经异常者中,精神紧张、疲劳及适应能力差的百分率均高于月经正常者,女兵组比女生组更为明显,两组间差异非常显著.在入伍(入学)12个月时,月经异常者大多数恢复正常,月经异常率两组相似.结论女兵入伍后,月经异常发生率明显增高,其原因除受环境改变及生活习惯改变等影响外,精神紧张、心理压力及体能消耗是本组女兵月经异常的主要因素.     

短期极限负荷训练对武警男性官兵甲状腺功能血液指标的影响

 目的 探讨短期极限负荷训练对武警男性官兵甲状腺功能血液指标的影响,为科学安排训练负荷提供依据。方法 选取2018年10-11月武警某部68名男性士兵,分别在训练日7:00、极限训练1周后次日7:00空腹状态下各取静脉血3 ml,检测游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT₃)、游离甲状腺素(FT₄)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOA)等指标。结果 TSH短期极限负荷训练后[1.48(0.99,2.05)]μU/ml与训练前[2.16(1.34,3.39)]μU/ml相比,明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而FT₃[(3.95±0.41)pmol/L vs. (3.94±0.28)pmol/L ]、FT₄[(12.27±1.24)pmol/L vs. (11.30±0.95)pmol/L]、TGA[(2.17±1.34)U/ml vs. (2.14±1.30)U/ml]、TPOA[(2.35±1.47)U/ml vs. (2.23±1.42)U/ml]等指标短期极限负荷训练后与训练前比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论 短期极限训练负荷对武警男性官兵甲状腺功能血液指标的影响较小,可视情安排极限负荷训练。     

陆军某部女新兵集训期心理健康状况调查分析

目的：了解陆军某部女新兵在集训期的心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对2012年陆军某部67例女新兵进行问卷调查。结果67名女新兵SCL-90总均分为（1.25±0.35）分,共检出阳性8例,阳性率为11.9%。SCL-90总分及各因子分值均显著低于军人常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,除躯体化因子、焦虑因子分值高于全国常模外,其他各因子分值均显著低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论某部女新兵整体心理健康状况良好,并显著优于军人平均水平。     

武警某部2020年度新兵训练伤流行病学调查与分析

目的 探讨武警某部新兵军事训练伤的特点,为训练伤防控提供科学指导.方法 随机抽取武警某部2020年6个新训点4150名新兵,进行军事训练伤的发生情况问卷调查,并分析新训阶段训练伤的发生率、伤病类别等.另非随机性地选择了680名新兵进行了骨密度测定(中指骨),其中已发生训练伤340例,未发生训练伤340例.本次调查均获得...     

新兵睡眠质量与一般健康状况的相关性

目的了解新兵睡眠质量与一般健康状况的关系,为制定改善新兵睡眠质量措施提供参考。方法应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和一般健康问卷(GHQ-28)对某部200名新兵进行问卷调查。结果本组新兵的睡眠异常检出率为17.0%,高于地方男性人群(9.7%)及2010年新兵(6.0%)(P0.01);一般健康状况疑似阳性检出率为53.1%,高于普通市民(19.5%)及2010年新兵(29.3%)(P0.01);GHQ-28 A、B因子与主观睡眠质量(SSQ)、睡眠时间(SDu)、睡眠效率(HSE)、睡眠干扰因素(SDi)、白天功能障碍(DD)及PSQI总分均呈正相关(r为0.464~0.874,P0.01);C因子与入睡潜伏时间(SL)、SDi、应用催眠药物(USM)呈正相关(r为0.308~0.545,P0.05或P0.01);D因子与SL、USM呈正相关(r为0.398~0.742,P0.01);GHQ-28总分与SSQ、SDu、SDi、USM、DD及PSQI总分呈正相关(r为0.261~0.731,P0.05或P0.01)。结论新兵的睡眠质量和一般健康状况均不容乐观,改善新兵的一般健康状况有助于提高其睡眠质量。     

新战士胫骨近端生长板闭合程度MRI调查

目的 了解新战士长骨生长板闭合程度与MRI表现.方法 采用Tanner二次骨化中心闭合分级标准,对武警某部新兵连230名战士胫骨近段X线照片进行胫骨近端生长板闭合情形观察与分析,对照和归纳胫骨近端干骺端生长板MRI表现.结果 230名新兵胫骨近端X线照片显示干骺端生长板Tanner分级中未完全闭合生长板（即1～3级）129例（56.09%,129/230）,4级即生长完全闭合101例（43.91%,101/230）;对胫骨近端干骺端生长板闭合程度MRI评价,MRI判断完全闭合生长板67例（29.13%,67/230）;生长板含有A、B、C、D信号三种以上,或只要含有C、D信号中的任何一种和（或）两种,MRI判断未完全闭合生长板163例（70.87%,163/230）,则X线片Tanner分级与MRI评价完全与未完全闭合闭合生长板两者有一定的差异（χ2=37.24,P=0.046,P＜0.05）;如MRI参照Tanner分级骨化生长板覆盖干骺端小于或大于1/2标准,则Tanner分级X线2～3级120名,MRI判断级别显著低于X线分级（χ2=17.21,P=0.0018,P＜0.01）.结论 新战士胫骨近端干骺端生长板闭合程度不同,MRI能较好地显示正常生长板闭合程度、形态及其信号特征.     

生活事件、个性、心理健康对新兵人际信任影响的路径分析

目的探讨生活事件、人格、心理健康对新兵人际信任的影响模式,为其心理健康教育及心理咨询与治疗提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,运用人性的哲学修订量表中的人际信任分量表、生活事件量表、症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷对562名新兵进行心理测评。统计处理采用秩变换单因素方差分析、Spearman相关分析及Amos路径分析。结果新兵人际信任与SCL-90因子及总分负相关(r=-0.123~-0.204,P<0.01);与EPQ内外向正相关(r=0.194),与精神质、神经质、掩饰性负相关(r=-0.158,-0.234,-0.215);与LES负性事件分及总分负相关(r=-0.084~-0.152,P<0.05或P<0.01);Amos路径分析显示神经质对新兵人格的贡献最大(β=0.84,P<0.01);抑郁与强迫症状对新兵心理健康贡献最大(β=0.91,0.87,P<0.01);人格对新兵人际信任的直接效应(β=-0.23,P<0.01)及人格在心理健康与人际信任之间的间接效应显著(β=-0.12,P<0.01)。结论新兵人际信任受负性生活事件、人格、心理健康因素的影响,且人格在心理健康对人际信任的影响模式中起着重要的调节作用。     

Stress fractures in military recruits: A prospective study for evaluation of incidence,patterns of injury and invalidments out of service

BackgroundStress fractures (SFs) occur because of repetitive submaximal stresses to the bone over a period of time. SFs cause an economic loss to the organization and to the individuals who get invalided out of army because of SFs. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, distribution, onset of SFs, and invalidment patterns due to SFs.MethodsThis prospective study was carried out among recruits undergoing training at training centres in a cantonment of Central India. The recruits enrolled were followed up through their training period for occurrence of SF. On occurrence of SF, the clinical features, site of bone involved, and the weeks of completed military training were noted. The SFs were graded into four grades based on clinicoradiological features and managed accordingly.ResultsA total of 8974 recruits were enrolled into the study, of which 208 recruits suffered SFs. The commonest bone involved was the tibia (86.5%), commonest site being the proximal one-third of the tibia shaft (46.2%). Average week of developing SF was the 15th week of training. Seven recruits were invalided out of army because of SFs, the commonest cause being femoral neck SFs.ConclusionPrevention is the best approach for SFs. It is suggested to increase the intensity of training gradually over the first 16 weeks and recruits are to be given a training pause at around the 12th week for healing of stressed bones just before the peak time of occurrence of SFs. Femoral neck SFs are the commonest SFs responsible for invalidment of recruits.