化疗病人的静脉保护

化疗病人因营养失调 ,骨髓抑制、药物反复刺激、损伤等原因造成血管硬化、塌瘪、脆性大 ,给护理工作带来了一定的难度 ,自 2 0 0 0年始 ,我们摸索出一套保护化疗病人静脉的方法 ,延长了静脉使用的次数和时间。1　临床资料自 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 1月 ,我科共收住病人 112 0人食道癌 36 0人 ,乳腺癌 2 6 0人 ,肺癌 30 0人 ,直肠癌 10 8人 ,其他癌 82人 ,其中化疗病人占 6 5 % ,我们均采取了从选择静脉到拔针后处理的方法收到了满意的效果。2　静脉保护2 .1　重视选择静脉　人们根据药物的刺激程度选择不同静脉 ,如强刺激化疗药物如 HN…     

Global environmental change: preventive measures to reduce the impact on human health

Awareness of the magnitude of worldwide climate change and theloss of biological diversity that may occur as the result ofpresent human activities is increasing. However, much needsto be done to reverse current trends and prevent unprecedentedglobal environmental changes which are expected to produce irreversibleresults, and to have profound implications for the health ofindividuals. This paper briefly reviews what is known aboutthe global environmental changes that are taking place and theirpredicted impact on human health. Some of the preventive measuresand activities in which public health professionals need toassume leadership roles in the critical years ahead are discussed.Our hope is to enliven a much needed dialogue among health professionalson the crucial issue of environmental survival in which preventionmay be the only viable solution.     

Coming of age: critical challenges to the future development of pediatric psychology

Described five professional challenges that will affect the future development of pediatric psychology: specialization and professional identity, relationships with other professions, securing resources necessary for effective functioning, the conflict between clinical service delivery and prevention, and development of training models. To meet these challenges, pediatric psychologists need to maintain strong connections with other psychologists, develop new models of collaborative training, practice, and research, emphasize prevention activities, and enhance the scientific basis of pediatric psychology through innovative training programs and support for faculty development.     

Challenging the world: patient safety and health care-associated infection.

Improving the safety of patient care is an issue which affects health systems in both developed and developing countries. To co-ordinate and accelerate improvements in patient safety, the World Health Organization (WHO) has supported the creation of the World Alliance for Patient Safety which was launched in October 2004. The six action areas of the Alliance are Patients for Patient Safety, Taxonomy, Research, Solutions for Patient Safety, Reporting and Learning, and a biennial Global Patient Safety Challenge. The first Challenge covering 2005-2006 was launched in October 2005 under the banner 'Clean Care is Safer Care'. The Challenge addresses health care-associated infection, a major, patient safety problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide.     

食管癌与贲门癌术后胃排空障碍15例临床分析

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因、诊断及防治。方法：回顾性分析15例食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因，区分功能性及机械性胃排空障碍的诊断，提出防治措施。结果：15例患者中11例功能性胃排空障碍，经保守治疗治愈。4例机械性胃排空障碍经手术治愈。常规行幽门成形术者，无胃排空障碍发生。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的发生与手术方式、术中操作及迷走神经干的切断等因素有关。应规范手术操作，常规行幽门成形术及辅以胃肠动力药物等进行治疗。     

Effect of two preventive programs on oral health knowledge and habits among Brazilian schoolchildren

Abstract – The effect upon dental health knowledge and dental health behavior of a comprehensive and a less comprehensive preventive program was compared in a 3-yr follow up study. The comprehensive program included active participation of the students and parental involvement. The study group consisted of 186 Brazilian schoolchildren 13 yr of age at the start of the program. A reference group from another school of similar socioeconomic level was included in the analyses. The data were collected from questionnaires filled in by the children under surveillance after the completion of the program. Significant differences in knowledge as well as in reported behavior were observed. The children enrolled in the comprehensive program in general scored higher in dental health knowledge than did those in the less comprehensive program. However, the latter group of children seemed to have acquired more correct knowledge during the period than had the control and reference children. Similar results were obtained concerning reported dental health behavior.     

夜间护理纠纷的常见原因及防范对策

针对夜间护理特殊性，分析导致护理纠纷的常见原因，包括抢救不到位，患不能理解夜间护士的护理行为．服务态度问题等。提出护士应增加法制观念，加强体质锻炼，强化服务意识，严格执行诊疗护理规范、常规，落实各项规章制度，以减少护患纠纷。     

77例出院后精神分裂症患者心理调查分析

研究目的调查分析出院后精神分裂症患者的心理状况，了解存在的问题并探讨解决的对策。研究方法对77例出院后精神分裂症病人就22项心理问题进行调查统计，并对比男女患者差异。结果男性易发脾气、借酒消愁、因病影响工作安排的现象较女性突出，而女性的婚姻状况较紧性明显。结论社区防治的病人心理问题较繁杂，因此防治工作应重视患者的心理特点，解决患者的实际问题。     

Wounding,shock and stress lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract

This retrospective study included 2532 wounded, of whom 354 (14 per cent) were treated in surgical intensive care units. In 32 patients, 1.3 per cent of all admissions, upper gastrointestinal bleeding was detected. It occurred on average 8.9 days (3–21 days) after the wounding or surgical procedure in severely injured patients and those treated in intensive care units, respectively (32 of 354 patients, 9.0 per cent). All patients received different analgesic drugs and 17 of a group that presented with bleeding were given psychotropic agents as well. The majority of patients (96.3 per cent) were administered H₂-receptor antagonists as prophylaxis against stress ulcer disease. There was a statistically significant difference between these patients treated with H₂-receptor antagonists and those on no prophylactic therapy. No statistically significant difference was found between cimetidine and ranitidine in terms of their efficacy. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple bleeding gastric and duodenal erosions. The lesions were most commonly located in the corpus of the stomach. In the majority of patients (56.25 per cent), the haemorrhage stopped spontaneously and rebleeding presented in four of 32 (12.5 per cent) patients. Of 354 patients treated in intensive care units, five (1.4 per cent) had to be operated on because of bleeding arrest. Despite all therapeutic and surgical procedures undertaken, five of 32 (15.6 per cent) patients died.     

益肾通淋汤防治草酸钙肾结石的实验研究

本文观察了益肾通淋汤对大鼠实验性草酸钙结石的防治实验。结果表明,实验组在草酸钙晶体数和聚体数、肾小管扩张数,肾钙含量等方面均少于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);同时观察了实验大鼠肾脏的一般组织学改变,可见对照组肾小管上皮细胞浊肿变性,甚至细胞崩解、细胞碎片,胞核和刷状堟PAS阳性物质脱落于管腔内,有的与结石晶体粘附,肾小管明显扩张,而实验组未见明显的组织学损害。因而认为益肾通淋汤可能是通过抑制草酸钙结晶的析出和聚集,改善肾组织细胞的代谢和功能,减少细胞器脱落成为结石核心和基质物质以及加速尿液排泄,促进微结石排出的途径而起到防治尿结石作用的。