益肾通淋汤防治草酸钙肾结石的实验研究

本文观察了益肾通淋汤对大鼠实验性草酸钙结石的防治实验。结果表明,实验组在草酸钙晶体数和聚体数、肾小管扩张数,肾钙含量等方面均少于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);同时观察了实验大鼠肾脏的一般组织学改变,可见对照组肾小管上皮细胞浊肿变性,甚至细胞崩解、细胞碎片,胞核和刷状堟PAS阳性物质脱落于管腔内,有的与结石晶体粘附,肾小管明显扩张,而实验组未见明显的组织学损害。因而认为益肾通淋汤可能是通过抑制草酸钙结晶的析出和聚集,改善肾组织细胞的代谢和功能,减少细胞器脱落成为结石核心和基质物质以及加速尿液排泄,促进微结石排出的途径而起到防治尿结石作用的。     

The role of insurance data in setting priorities for netball injury prevention strategies

The aim of this study was to investigate insurance records for a one-year period to determine the injury frequencies and costs associated with different age groups in netball. The insurance records for all netball claims made during 1999 in Victoria were obtained from the insurer and entered into a database. The overall injury rate was 9.49 injuries per 1000 players, with 829 claims for injuries filed with the insurance company. Of all injuries claimed for, 85.3% were to the lower limb, 8.7% to the upper limb, 3.1% to the spine/torso and 2.9% to the head and face. Lower limb injuries accounted for 85.4% of costs, upper limb injuries 10.7% and head/neck/torso injuries 3.9% of total injury costs. Knee injuries accounted for 56.9% of total costs, with ankle and calf/Achilles injuries costing 12.7 and 11.8% of total costs, respectively. Injury prevention strategies should therefore be directed to three main injuries taking into account costs and incidence. These injuries were: ankle sprains, knee ligament sprains and Achilles tendon strains. Specifically, the prevention program for Achilles injuries should be directed to the >25 years age groups.     

重庆市肺结核可疑症状者就诊延迟及其影响因素研究

目的了解重庆市肺结核可疑症状者就诊延迟程度,探索影响就诊延迟的主要因素,以及流动人口和常住人口间影响因素的差异。方法在重庆市流动人口较多的两个区中,对在随机抽取的20所医疗机构就诊,年龄在15岁以上的肺结核可疑症状者进行问卷调查。结果590份有效问卷中,就诊延迟中位时间为19 d;其中常住人口15 d,流动人口为22．5 d。影响就诊延迟的主要因素有:出现症状后是否愿意就诊、职业、文化程度、结核病史、恩格尔系数、就诊点远近、有无医疗保障、婚姻状况和性别。结论肺结核可疑症状者就诊延迟较为严重;影响其就诊延迟的主要因素有出现症状后是否愿意就诊等。采取综合性干预措施,有助于减少肺结核可疑症状者就诊延迟,提高结核病发现率。     

458例尿路结石成分分析

目的 探讨西安地区尿路结石的成分状况，为临床防治提供帮助。方法对458例尿路结石标本进行化学成分测定，并结合临床资料进行比较。结果尿路结石男性发病多于女性，男、女比为2．1：1，20一50岁为高发年龄，上尿路结石明显多于下尿路结石，上、下尿路结石之比为10．5：1。结石成分以混合结石占多数，为325例（71％），其中以草酸钙，磷酸钙与尿酸的混合结石为主。对比混合性结石及单纯性结石发现，各种成分所占比例基本一致。结论结石成分分析对于了解结石成因、预防结石形成和复发具有重要的意义。     

角蛋白人工腱膜预防全椎板切除术后硬脊膜黏连

[目的]探讨角蛋白（keratinsubstance，KS）人工腱膜材料用于预防全椎板切除术后硬脊膜黏连的效果。[方法]Wistar大白鼠60只，随机分3组，每组20只，咬除T。：全椎板，造成2rnrnX8rnlffl大小的椎板缺损，加入不同处理因素，A组：空白对照组；B组：人工腱膜组；C组：白体腱膜组。术后2、4、8，12周处死动物，各时间点大体观察采用Rydell瘢痕黏连程度评级标准评分。完整取出T。：节段，包括椎旁肌。经HE染色后，镜下组织学观察采用改良Nussbaum标准行评分。同时切取2，4、8、12周人工腱膜组硬膜外瘢痕组织进行透射电镜观察。所测数据行Kruskal—Wallis秩和检验，取a〈0．05作为统计显著差异的标准。[结果]KS人工腱膜材料无毒性和排异反应：A组的Rydell评分，改良Nussbaum评分高于B、C组（P〈0．05），B组C组比较无差别（P〉0．05）。B、C组与对照组比较，均能够明显减少椎板切除术后的硬膜外瘢痕形成。[结论]硬膜外瘢痕黏连主要来自硬膜后方的血肿和成纤维细胞（fibroblast，FB）的增殖。KS人工腱膜具有良好的组织相容性，无局部及全身的不良反应，具有良好物理屏障作用。将l（S人工腱膜放置在椎板缺损处，能够有效的防止纤维组织侵入椎管，预防硬膜外瘢痕黏连。在动物实验中，KS人工腱膜能够安全有效的预防椎板切除术后硬膜外瘢痕黏连。     

宁夏高校新生乙型肝炎知识和正向态度的调查

目的：调查宁夏地区大学生新生有关乙型肝炎防治知识的认知情况，为开展健康教育提供基线资料。方法：采取分层整群抽样方法，对宁夏1000名大学新生进行问卷调查。结果：对乙型肝炎一般知识、传播途径的正确回答率宁夏医学院新生高于宁夏大学和宁夏农学院新生，传播途径得分女生高于男生；正向态度得分宁夏大学新生高于其它2校，汉民高于回民；乙肝的一般知识、传播途径及正向态度得分城市学生均高于农村，差异均有显著性。结论：大学生对乙肝的防治知识有一定了解，但不全面，不系统，不均衡，开展健康教育非常重要。     

浙江省温州市2004年结核病监测结果分析

目的 通过分析温州市2004年结核病监测资料评价现行的防治措施效果.方法 收集并分析温州市2004年结核病监测报表.结果监测点涂阳新登记率为27.45/10万,其中流动人口为26.84/10万,流动人口病例涂阳比例（68.3%）明显高于总人口病例涂阳比例（45.9%）,新登涂阳病例1年转归队列分析治愈率为86.6%.结论 提高涂阳病人的发现率依然是本地区结核病控制工作的重点,流动人口结核病问题不容忽视.     

可溶性fms-样酪氨酸激酶受体-1不同基因片段对视网膜新生血管的抑制作用

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of fms-like typrosine kinase receptor sFh-1 on retinal neovascularization (RNV). Methods Recombinant lentivirus sFh-1 ( 2-3 ) and sFh-1 ( 2-4 )expressing the sFh-1 (2-3) and (2-4) immunoglobulin-like regions of sFh-1 were constructed. 96 seven-dayold C57/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 24 mice in each group. Group 1 : normal control;group 2: experimental control; group 3: sFlt-1(2-3); group 4: sFlt-1(2-4). The mice in group 2-4 were exposed to hyperoxia with (75±2)% O2 for 5 days and then returned to normoxia with 21% O2 ; the mice     

Delivering syringe exchange services through “satellite exchangers”: the Sacramento Area Needle Exchange, USA

An important operational aspect of Syringe Exchange Programmes (SEPs) is the venue of service delivery. This report describes the programmatic features of the Sacramento Area Needle Exchange (SANE), an illegal SEP operating in California, USA. SANE utilises “satellite exchangers” to distribute the bulk of its syringes and HIV risk reduction supplies. Advantages of relying primarily on Designated Exchangers (DE) for delivery of SEP services are that it: (1) allows for coverage of a large geographical area; (2) keeps operational cost low; (3) provides syringes to clients who may not want to or cannot use fixed site programmes; (4) limits the possibility of detection of programme personnel and clients by law enforcement. Limitations are that: (1) it is not as conducive as fixed sites to providing a wide range of ancillary services; (2) it may not be optimal for drug users who do not want to be reliant on other people for access to syringes; (3) those who receive services from a satellite exchanger may not derive as much counselling and referral services as direct exchangers. The lack of legal status, political support and adequate funding threatens the programme’s existence.