Dietary factors and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black and white men in the United States

Objectives: To investigate dietary factors for squamous cell esophageal cancer and whether these factors may contribute to the five-fold higher incidence of this cancer in the black versus white population of the United States.Methods: Data from a food frequency questionnaire were analyzed for 114 white men and 219 black men with squamous cell esophageal cancer, and 681 white and 557 black male controls from three areas of the United States who participated in a population-based case-control study of esophageal cancer.Results: Protective effects were associated with intake of raw fruits and vegetables (odds ratio for high versus low consumers=0.3 in both white and black men) and use of vitamin supplements (especially vitamin C; odds ratio for high versus low consumers=0.4 in both races), with the frequency of consumption of raw fruits and vegetables and vitamin supplements being greater for white than black controls. In addition, elevated risks were associated with high versus low intake of red meat (OR=2.7 for blacks and 1.5 for whites) and processed meat (OR=1.6 for blacks and 1.7 for whites), with the levels of consumption being greater for black than white controls.Conclusions: In the United States, these dietary factors may contribute in part to the much higher incidence of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black compared to white men.     

Evolution of atherogenic diets in South Asian and Italian women after migration to a higher risk region

BACKGROUND: To identify differences in the evolution of the diets of South Asian and Italian migrants, a cross-sectional, multiethnic study was undertaken in Glasgow, Scotland. METHODS: Five groups of women aged 20-42 years comprising general population (n = 35), South Asian migrants (n = 35) British-born controls (n = 37), Italian migrants (n = 30) and British-born (n = 38) participated in an interviewer administered structured questionnaire on issues relating to health, diet and food selection. Anthropometric measurements were made and subjects completed a 7-day weighed diet inventory. RESULTS: Compared with the general population, dietary differences were greatest amongst first generation migrant groups. There were major differences between the two migrant groups. South Asian migrants tended to display a more atherogenic profile (fat 42.4% energy, saturated fat 15.0% energy, vitamin C 5.1 mg per 1000 kJ) than the general population (fat 39.1% energy, saturated fat 13.5% energy, vitamin C 6.8 mg per 1000 kJ), and Italian migrants (fat 35.7% energy, saturated fat 12.1% energy, vitamin C 10.9 mg per 1000 kJ). However, South Asian groups had higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids which may be cardioprotective. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian migrants to Scotland appear to develop adverse dietary elements in the first generation, which are modified in subsequent generations, whereas Italians' diets remain cardioprotective in the migrant generation but deteriorate in subsequent generations.     

Aproteic diet decreases hypothalamic catecholamine turnover in adult male rats

Previous reports indicate that malnutrition reduces reproductive functions. We have demonstrated that protein deprivation in the diet also causes reproductive dysfunction by reducing hypothalamic GnRH secretion. Noradrenaline and nitric oxide are modulators of GnRH secretion. Noradrenaline stimulates GnRH secretion and nitric oxide inhibits catecholamine release. This work studies the hypothalamic catecholaminergic and nitrergic neuron activity in Wistar adult male rats fed on an aproteic diet (AP) during 21 days; this treatment was started when rats were 70 days old. Our first experiment studied catecholamine turnover rate after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity by injecting (i.p.) 400 mg/kg alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Our second experiment studied in vitro hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in animals under the same diet. AP diet significantly decreased both noradrenaline (P<0.05) and dopamine (P<0.05) hypothalamic turnover rate. Noradrenaline turnover in cerebral cortex was not altered by the aproteic diet. However, hypothalamic NOS activity was not affected in animals fed on an AP diet. These results indicate that the lack of protein in the diet reduces catecholaminergic neuron activity in adult male rats by a NO-independent mechanism, thus suggesting that a decrease in noradrenergic activity may be involved in the reduction of GnRH secretion induced by an AP diet.     

2000年中国总膳食样品中六六六和滴滴涕污染的溯源性分析

通过对 2 0 0 0年总膳食样品中有机氯农药残留分析 ,发现南方二区和北方一区水产类样品六六六高残留。由两个地区分省的聚类样品溯源分析 ,结果发现湖北省鳊鱼六六六含量为 4 0 0 6 0 μg kg ,为南方二区水产类六六六含量的 88 8% ,黑龙江省鲤鱼六六六含量为 6 30 96 μg kg,为北方一区水产类六六六含量的90 3% ,这是造成两个地区水产类六六六高残留的主要原因。由六六六异构体构成比例及GC MS的确证分析提示 ,两个地区的水产类样品受到林丹的污染。本研究表明我国某些地区存在违规使用林丹的现象。为保证我国居民膳食安全性 ,加强六六六和滴滴涕残留监测仍是我国食品安全领域的长期任务     

住院病人膳食服务管理系统的开发研制

本文阐述了应用掌上电脑核心技术和数据库技术开发的住院病人膳食服务管理系统的基本实现方案     

GSTM1基因多态及膳食因素与肺癌关系的研究

目的 研究谷胱苷肽硫转移酶M1(GSTMl)基因多态性及膳食因素与广州地区肺癌发生的关系。方法 采用成组病例-对照研究方法，病例58例，对照62例，制定统一的调查表进行调查，用PCR检测GSTM1基因多态性。结果 GSTM1基因多态性与肺癌危险性关系无显著性差异(OR1．73，95％CI0．84～3．58)；Logistic单因素分析显示：胡萝卜摄入频率与肺癌发生的危险性呈负相关(OR0．24，95％CI0．10～0．58)，而用动物油脂炒菜与肺癌的发生呈正相关(OR5．34，95％CI1．13～20．16)。非条件logistic多因素回归分析校正吸烟等非膳食烹调因素后，胡萝卜摄入频率(OR0．18，95％C10．05～0．65)仍与肺癌发生负相关；不常吃胡萝卜联合GSTM1缺失发生肺癌的危险性显著增加(OR6．30，95％CI1．88～21．05)。结论 GSTM1基因单独作用时与肺癌关系不明显；用动物油脂炒菜显著增加肺癌发生的危险性。常摄入胡萝卜可显著降低肺癌发生危险性。GSTM1基因多态性与胡萝卜摄入间存在协同作用。     

脂宁胶囊对高脂大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的探讨脂宁胶囊对高脂饲料饲养大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法将大鼠按基础血清总胆固醇水平将动物随机分为4组:高脂对照组、低、中、高剂量实验组。实验期间,所有大鼠均饲以高脂饲料,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予0.0835、0.1670、0.5010 g/kg.bw剂量的脂宁胶囊,对照组以蒸馏水灌胃,灌胃量1 ml/100 g.bw,连续30 d后,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。结果0.16700、.5010 g/kg.bw剂量可显著降低大鼠血清TC水平(P<0.05),0.0835、0.1670 g/kg.bw剂量可显著降低大鼠血清TG水平(P<0.05),0.1670、0.5010g/kg.bw剂量升高HDL-C水平达4 mg/dl以上。结论脂宁胶囊具有辅助调节血脂作用。     

匀浆膳应用于老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者饮食治疗的效果研究

目的:观察匀浆膳替代早餐对老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血糖和血脂的影响,探讨其应用于糖尿病饮食治疗的效果。方法:筛选老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者40例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组食用匀浆膳替代早餐,对照组自由选择早餐,分别在实验前和实验后第7、14、21 d抽血检测空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及血脂变化。结果:老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者在食用匀浆膳替代早餐后,空腹血糖、餐后血糖及血甘油三脂、胆固醇含量均较饮食治疗前及对照组有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:食用匀浆膳替代早餐,进行严格的饮食治疗对糖尿病的治疗及并发症的预防具有积极作用。     

游泳运动对大鼠脂肪肝预防作用的研究

本文采用实验研究方法,通过建立大鼠脂肪肝模型,研究了有氧运动对脂肪肝的预防作用效果,探讨其可能机理。实验中选取2个月龄雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、单纯高脂饮食组、高脂饮食+运动组等三组。5周后对各组大鼠进行SOD、MDA指标的检测,并做病理组织学观察。实验结果表明,高脂饮食组大鼠肝脏MDA升高、SOD活性较对照组活性降低。HE组MDA值低于H组,SOD值明显高于H组。病理学检查肝脏脂肪变性不明显。     

饮食对下丘脑神经肽Y基因表达及肥胖影响

目的探讨高脂饮食对大鼠神经肽Y(NPY)基因表达及分泌的影响及大鼠肥胖易感性差异的机制.方法36只雌性SD大鼠按体重随机分为高脂实验组和基础对照组,分别给予高脂饲料和基础饲料喂养13周.据13周末体重从高脂饲料组选出体重最重和体重最轻者各9只为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIR)组,比较各组大鼠能量摄入水平、血浆和下丘脑匀浆NPY及下丘脑NPY mRNA表达的差异.结果DIO组大鼠能量摄入量、下丘脑和血浆NPY水平之比显著高于DIR组和对照组(P＜0.01),DIO组大鼠下丘脑NPYmRNA表达显著高于DIR及对照组,而上述各指标DIR与对照组问差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论高脂饮食喂养条件下,SD大鼠表现为明显的肥胖易感性差异,这种差异与大鼠的能量摄入水平有关,下丘脑NPY高水平表达和分泌可能是导致肥胖易感大鼠多食和热能摄入过多的内在机制之一.