Neovascular glaucoma. Current management

Neovascular glaucoma is one the most difficult forms of glaucoma to treat successfully. Recent advances modifying filtration surgery can result in up to 77% success. Utilization of anterior and posterior segment photocoagulation can maintain an open angle in up to 80% of eyes when they are treated prior to angle closure by peripheral anterior synechiae. Destruction of the ciliary body can be performed more selectively utilizing argon and ruby lasers. This paper presents a rational approach to the management of neovascular glaucoma incorporating these recent advances.     

Drug use patterns in Northern Territory Aboriginal communities 1986-1987

During April to November 1986 and May to October 1987, a systematic survey of patterns of use of alcohol, kava, tobacco and analgesics by Northern Territory Aboriginal people aged 15 years and older was conducted. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the prevalence of drug use, the frequency of drug use and the quantity of drugs used. In addition, information about Aboriginal people's perceptions of the drugs, their beliefs about drug use and the value of drugs in their culture was collected. This paper describes only the quantitative aspects of drug use of this population. A stratified sampling procedure was used to sample 10 per cent of the target population. Using two survey instruments, an individual questionnaire and a group questionnaire, data were gathered from 1764 Aboriginal people living in the Northern Territory. As a whole, the Northern Territory Aboriginal people have a drug consumption pattern quite distinct from urban Australians.     

Prodigious alcohol consumption by Australian rugby league footballers

As an incidental finding in a general 'life-style' survey, amateur rugby footballers were found to drink prodigious (12-24 schooners per session) quantities of beer. Such drinking was regarded by the players as part of the traditions of mateship associated with the game. The need for intervention is discussed.     

Premedication for elective Caesarean section

Four coded, but otherwise unidentified, premedicants were prescribed in randomised order for 219 patients who were to undergo elective Caesarean section. Seventy-six (35%) of these patients affirmed at the pre-operative visit that they were not anxious. Diazepam 5 mg and lorazepam 1 mg appeared to be superior to the placebo and to 10-6 ml of 90% alcohol in inducing calmness and/or drowsiness, although the differences were not statistically significant. The incidence of awareness or unpleasant dreams was considerably higher in the placebo and alcohol series (6.2% and 7.5%) than in the diazepam and lorazepam series (nil and 2.1%). There was no remarkable difference in the condition of the immediate newly-born related to the premedicant received by the mother, any small differences being much less impressive than that related to the duration of the U-D interval. No notable differences were observed in the long term conditions between the infants in the placebo, alcohol and diazepam series but the incidence of "reluctance to feed". If relief from preoperative anxiety-and possibly a reduction in the likelihood of awareness-without undue effect upon the infant is considered desirable, diazepam 5 mg is the preferred choice from the four drugs investigated.     

Medical Specialization,Profession, and Mediating Beliefs That Predict Stated Likelihood of Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention: Targeting Educational Interventions

Practitioner-level educational approaches that promote screening and brief intervention (SBI) seldom consider providers' profession and medical specialization. Strategies that consider these variables may be better equipped to affect change in beliefs and behavior. The aim of this study was to identify beliefs that predict stated likelihood of practicing SBI by specialty and health profession in order to guide the direction of educational strategies. Physicians and nurse practitioners were studied that specialized in family, internal, obstetric gynecology (ObGyn), and pediatric medicine. The results indicated that independent of amount of previous postgraduate alcohol education and knowledge, self-rated competence mediated between specialty and likelihood of practicing SBI. For instance, low self-rated competence for ObGyn was a barrier that suppressed likelihood of practicing SBI. Other findings were that role legitimacy mediated the association between profession and likelihood of SBI, so that lack of role legitimacy was a barrier for physicians but not for nurse practitioners. We suggest that targeted educational strategies for ObGyn and pediatric clinicians may prove more effective than the prevalent one-size-fits all approaches aimed at general adult populations.     

防滑钢针及Y形酒精滴管在下肢骨牵引病人中的应用

为探讨自制防滑钢针及Y形酒精滴管在下肢骨牵引病人中的应用效果.选择需行下肢骨牵引的病人100例,随机分成实验组和对照组各50例.实验组采用自制防滑钢针及Y形酒精滴管;对照组采用传统钢针及酒精点滴.观察2组病人钢针滑动、压疮、针道感染情况.结果实验组钢针牵引滑动率显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).针道感染率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).表明应用自制防滑钢针及Y形酒精滴管效果确切,经济实用,使用方便,可有效避免并发症的发生.     

An Investigation of Adolescents' Substance Use Behaviors, Depressed Affect, and Suicidal Behaviors

Data from a four-wave panel design of 975 adolescents were used to study inter-relationships among suicidal behaviors, depressive symptoms, and substance use behaviors. Persistently high levels of problem drinking and depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of suicidal thoughts and attempts. Higher levels of depressive symptoms and greater cigarette and illicit drug use distinguished suicidal ideators from attempters. Adolescents attempting suicide reported lower levels of family social support, a greater use of substances to cope with stressors, and a higher density of substance-using peers. Implications of the findings for preventive interventions with high-risk teens are discussed.     

9312的解酒和降低体温作用的研究

３１２的醇提液对小鼠经口的ＬＤ５０为５２．１１ｇ／ｋｇ，对家兔有明显降低体温的作用；它的水浸液对小鼠有解酒作用     

Estrogen-regulated non-reproductive behaviors and breast cancer risk: Animal models and human studies

The possible role of personality patterns and psychosocial factors in breast cancer has been studied extensively, through both human and animal experiments. The data are conflicting, and the conclusions controversial. This review will serve two purposes. First, we present evidence that behavioral patterns most commonly linked to breast cancer risk are at least partly regulated by estrogens. This section will suggest that some estrogen-regulated behaviors may be markers of increased breast cancer risk. Second, we will briefly review recent findings in animals connecting psychosocial factors to cancer. We also will address the plausible biological mechanisms. The literature suggests that estrogens, particularly when exposure occurs during the critical developmental periods, such as in utero, puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, influence affective behaviors and increase breast cancer risk. The affective behaviors include depression, aggression, and alcohol intake. Thus, psychosocial and personality factors do not necessarily have a direct impact on breast cancer risk; instead, estrogens have a dual effect on behavior and on the breast.     

金钱白花蛇药酒对小鼠镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:研究金钱白花蛇药酒的镇痛作用。方法:用小鼠热板致病法、小鼠酒石酸锑钾致扭体反应法,观察颈舒康颗粒的镇痛作用。结果:颈舒康颗粒能对抗用热板法、酒石酸锑钾所致的疼痛。结论:颈舒康颗粒有较好的镇痛作用。