孕期吸烟饮酒对仔鼠体格和神经发育的影响

目的:探讨孕期烟酒对子代神经发育的影响和机制。方法:建立烟酒复合因素所致小鼠胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)模型,观察小鼠自然分娩后子代的生长发育状态及神经行为功能,测定其体内抗氧化酶活性。结果:1.与对照组相比,烟酒处理组孕鼠体重增长和仔鼠体重、脏器重均显著降低(P<0.05);2.仔鼠早期反射时间明显延长(P<0.01),运动协调能力和自主活动能力显著降低(P<0.01);3.跳台及Y-迷宫实验中学习及记忆能力均降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);4.仔鼠脑细胞浆和线粒体丙二醛含量显著增高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性皆呈不同程度降低。结论:孕期吸烟饮酒将显著影响子代的体格与神经发育,其机制与降低仔鼠的抗氧化能力和增加氧自由基损伤有关。     

酒精性股骨细胞凋亡及其p53等基因的表达

目的　探讨细胞凋亡抑癌基因 (p5 3)和细胞凋亡抑制基因 (Bcl 2 )基因在酒精性股骨头缺血性坏死骨细胞凋亡中的作用。方法　家兔 6 0只 ,随机分为 2组。灌胃法建模 ,实验组给予含乙醇 5 0 %的烈性白酒 8ml/ (kg·d) ,对照组给予等量生理盐水 ,1～ 6个月分批处死。原位末端标记法 (TUNEL法 )检测骨细胞凋亡 ,免疫组化检测 p5 3和Bcl 2基因表达。结果　第 2 ,3,6个月 ,实验组出现大量骨细胞凋亡 ,以软骨下区最为明显 ,骨细胞凋亡数明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;两组间骨细胞Bcl 2基因阳性细胞数、p5 3基因阳性细胞数均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,实验组骨细胞Bcl 2基因阳性细胞数与细胞凋亡数成明显负相关性 (r=- 0 75 ,P <0 0 1) ,实验组骨细胞 p5 3基因阳性细胞数与细胞凋亡指数呈明显正相关性 (r=0 6 8,P <0 0 1)。结论　酒精性ANFH中骨细胞存在明显凋亡现象 ,且受 p5 3基因上调与Bcl 2基因下调影响 ,p5 3与Bcl 2共同调节骨细胞凋亡。     

醛、醇脱氢酶基因多态性与三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎易感性的关系

目的研究醛脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶基因多态性与三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎易感性的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,比较108例三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎病人和145例健康三氯乙烯接触工人醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)、醇脱氢酶2(ADH2)和醇脱氢酶3(ADH3)的基因多态性分布,并计算相对危险度(OR)。结果ADH2和ADH3基因型分布在病人与接触对照工人中无显著性差异;ALDH2变异型基因(ALDH2*1/*2+ALDH2*2/*2)频率在病人中显著低于接触对照工人(分别为27·8%和43·4%,P=0·011),使三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎的危险性显著降低(OR=0·50,95%CI=0·29~0·85)。结论高活性ALDH2可能是导致三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎个体易感性差异的原因之一。     

无水乙醇肠黏膜处理的实验研究

目的:观察无水乙醇处理大鼠肠黏膜的远期结果。方法:以无水乙醇浸泡0.5 m in、1 m in或无水乙醇涂抹0.5 m in、1 m in,四种方案处理大鼠小肠黏膜。在大鼠膀胱扩大术模型中观察处理后肠段组织学的变化;在大鼠代膀胱模型中观察处理后肠段黏膜功能的变化。结果:以无水乙醇浸泡0.5 m in、1 m in或无水乙醇涂抹1 m in处理后5月,肠段发生了明显纤维化和不同程度皱缩;无水乙醇涂抹0.5 m in处理后的肠段没有皱缩,肌层纤维化不明显。无水乙醇涂抹0.5 m in处理后1月,代膀胱内黏液残留量明显减少,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),处理后2月~5月,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);处理后1月和5月,代膀胱黏膜对水、电解质的分泌或吸收量与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:无水乙醇组织穿透力强,容易在肠黏膜处理的同时损伤大鼠肠段肌层,大于0.5 m in的处理将造成处理后肠段纤维化。无水乙醇涂抹0.5 m in不损伤肠壁肌层的适度处理,只能在术后早期减少黏液的分泌量,不能改变肠黏膜远期的分泌和吸收功能。     

Intervention Effects of Jianpi Liqi Huoxue Decoction (健脾理气活血汤) on Lipid Peroxidative Liver Injury by Alcohol

Objective: To study the intervention effects of Jianpi Liqi Huoxue Decoction ( 健脾理气活血汤, JLHD) on lipid peroxidative liver injury induced by alcohol. Methods: The rat alcoholic model of liver disease (ALD) induced by Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet was established. Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal group ( n = 5), the control group ( n = 9), the model group ( n = 9) and the JLHD group (n = 9). From the 4th week after modeling, the rats were given JLHD or distilled water by gastrogavage respectively, and the samples of blood and liver tissues were taken out from the rats for determination by the end of the 8th week. The hepatic pathological changes were observed with HE staining; the liver injury related indices, including activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activity and triglyceride (TG) content in liver tissues, as well as the lipid peroxidation related indices, including malonaldehyde (MDA) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in liver tissue, serum Fe2 level, and the anti-peroxidation capacity related indices, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathion ( GSH) content and reactive oxygen species (antiROS) activity in liver tissues were determined. Results: ( 1 ) There were obvious figures of fatty degeneration and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues of the model group. As compared with the control group, in the model group, the activity of ALT and AST, and Fe2 content in serum, γ-GT and NOS activity, TG and MDA content in liver tissues were significantly higher ( P＜0.01 ), while the activity of SOD, GSH and anti-ROS in liver tissues were significantly lower ( P＜0.01 ). (2) The fatty degeneration and inflammatory infiltration of liver tissues in the JLHD group were significantly lessen as compared with those in the model group; and the abnormalities of all the indexes revealed in the model rats were restored to certain extent in the JLHD group,and especially significant were the levels of ALT activity, MDA content and Fe2 , which were nearly normal.Conclusion: JLHD has significant effects against alcoholic liver injury, the acting mechanism of which is likely to be related with its anti-lipid peroxidative effect.     

金钱白花蛇药酒对小鼠镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:研究金钱白花蛇药酒的镇痛作用。方法:用小鼠热板致病法、小鼠酒石酸锑钾致扭体反应法,观察颈舒康颗粒的镇痛作用。结果:颈舒康颗粒能对抗用热板法、酒石酸锑钾所致的疼痛。结论:颈舒康颗粒有较好的镇痛作用。     

大黄素对酒精和高脂饲养诱导的大鼠脂肪肝的影响

目的:观察大黄素对酒精和高脂饲养诱导的大鼠脂肪肝的防治作用.方法:采用高浓度酒精灌胃合并高脂饮食饲养制备大鼠脂肪肝模型,同时给予大黄素治疗.通过检测血清肝酶活性、肝组织匀浆脂质含量(TG)和肝脏组织学变化,观察不同剂量大黄素对脂肪肝的防治作用,并与正常组和二甲双胍组作对照.结果:模型组大鼠肝脏出现明显的脂肪变性,肝酶活性、血脂和肝组织TG含量明显升高;大黄素治疗组肝细胞脂肪变性显著减轻,肝碱性磷酸酶和g-谷氨酰基转移酶活性、血脂和肝组织TG含量较模型组显著下降,二甲双胍组较模型组差异无显著性.结论:大黄素对脂肪肝有一定的防治作用.     

Dermal, oral, and inhalation pharmacokinetics of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in human volunteers.

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive used to increase octane and reduce carbon monoxide emissions and ozone precursors, has contaminated drinking water and can lead to exposure by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. To determine its dermal, oral, and inhalation kinetics, 14 volunteers were exposed to 51.3 microg/ml MTBE dermally in tap water for 1 h, drank 2.8 mg MTBE in 250 ml Gatorade(R), and inhaled 3.1 ppm. MTBE for 1 h. Blood and exhaled breath samples were then obtained. Blood MTBE peaked between 15 and 30 min following oral exposure, at the end of inhalation exposure, and ~5 min after dermal exposure. Elimination by each route was described well by a three-compartment model (Rsq >0.9). The Akaike Information Criterion for the three-compartment model was smaller than the two-compartment model, supporting it over the two-compartment model. One metabolite, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), measured in blood slowly increased and plateaued, but it did not return to the pre-exposure baseline at the 24-h follow-up. TBA is very water-soluble and has a blood:air partition ratio of 462, reducing elimination by exhalation. Oral exposure resulted in a significantly greater MTBE metabolism into TBA than by other routes based on a greater blood TBA:MTBE AUC ratio, implying significant first-pass metabolism. The slower TBA elimination may make it a better biomarker of MTBE exposure, though one must consider the exposure route when estimating MTBE exposure from TBA because of first-pass metabolism. Most subjects had a baseline blood TBA of 1-3 ppb. Because TBA is found in consumer products and can be used as a fuel additive, it is not a definitive marker of MTBE exposure. These data provide the risk assessment process of pharmacokinetic information relevant to the media through which most exposures occur-air and drinking water.     

硝酸甘油注射液稳定性研究

目的通过考察不同pH值的无水乙醇对硝酸甘油注射液稳定性的影响,筛选出最适于硝酸甘油注射液生产的无水乙醇。方法用高温加热破坏试验及长期试验的方法研究硝酸甘油注射液的稳定性,考察指标pH值和含量。结论碱性杂质含量低的无水乙醇配制的硝酸甘油注射液稳定性最好,适于硝酸甘油注射液的生产。     

酒依赖患者认知功能障碍临床研究

目的评估慢性酒依赖患者的认知功能状况。方法分别应用韦氏成人智力量表和韦氏记忆量表,对53例男性酒依赖患者和34名匹配的正常对照组进行智能和记忆功能的评定,比较两组之间的差异,并对酒依赖患者认知功能损害的危险因素进行相关分析。结果慢性酒依赖者的智商为（86.03±9.87）,记忆商为（61.07±10.13）,均显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;智能和记忆量表的各因子分均低于对照组P〈0.05或0.01）。相关分析显示：慢性酒依赖患者的智商和记忆商数与饮酒时间呈显著负相关（r=0.4,P〈0.01）,与教育程度及习惯性饮酒开始年龄呈正相关（r=0.2,P〉0.05）。结论慢性酒依赖患者存在显著的认知功能障碍。