The effects of alcohol and benzodiazepines on the severity of ski accidents.

Urine samples from 402 victims of ski accidents were analyzed for the presence of benzodiazepines (BZD) and alcohol. Eighty-one (20%) samples were positive for alcohol; BZD were detected in 34 (8.5%) cases. Ten of the samples (2.5%) were found to be positive for both alcohol and BZD. Subjects who were positive for either alcohol or BZD or both were older than the other persons examined. The prevalence of alcohol was significantly higher among male accident victims. BZD intake could be demonstrated to have a significant influence on the severity of injuries. Besides an increased awareness of the need for skier education regarding drug use, heightened attention of medical caregivers is warranted to inform their patients about potential accident hazards in sport activities when BZD are prescribed.     

The effects of age,sex, and genotype on self-report drunkenness following a challenge dose of alcohol

Age is a potential source of variation that contributes to differences between, but not within, twin pairs. In most genetic analyses of twin data, linear and other functions of age are usually removed prior to model fitting. This correction is typically applied only within twin groups of the same sex and zygosity, and no heterogeneity test of age regressions is performed. Here we include age as a variable in the model-fitting procedure and allow for tests of heterogeneity of age regressions across sex and zygosity groups. The LISREL formulation of the approach is illustrated with data collected from Australian twins on subjective impressions of drunkenness following alcohol consumption. The results indicate significant negative covariation of impressions of drunkenness with age. The data support a simple model of additive genetic and unique environmental variation. No evidence was found for sex differences in genetic or environmental components of variation.The theoretical work and data analysis described in this paper were made possible by NATO Grant 86/0823 and grants from the Belgian National Research Fund, the State University of Gent, and the Catholic University of Leuven. We are also grateful to Drs. R. Vlietinck and R. Derom for excellent organization of the successful workshop. Data collection was made possible by a grant from the Australian Associated Brewers to N.G.M. and Drs. J. G. Oakeshott, J. B. Gibson, and G. A. Starmer and by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The authors were supported by NIH Grants MH-40828 and AA-06781.     

聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为的研究——Ⅳ.表面活性剂的影响

本文研究了各类表面活性剂对聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为的影响。阴离子表面活性剂使其增塑糊有较高致流值,呈明显假塑性流动;阳离子和非离子表面活性剂使其增塑糊有低的表观粘度,接近牛顿型流动。测定了聚氯乙烯粒子表面的Zeta电位和接触角,并讨论了表面活性剂影响增塑糊流变性能的机理。     

Ethylene vinylacetate copolymer particles dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol (2,000-mer) solution as an embolic material for vascular anomalies

We have prepared a new material for embolisation: ethylene vinylacetate copolymer dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol. When in contact with blood, polyvinyl alcohol rapidly becomes a soft gel, which is accompanied by wedging of the ethylene vinylacetate copolymer. We analysed the histopathology of intra-arterial microemboli in rats, after intracarotid injection of this material. We confirmed that it was applicable to embolisation for neurosurgical treatment.     

Simple reaction time event-related potentials: Effects of alcohol and diazepam

1. 1. Acute effects of alcohol and diazepam on reaction time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) measures were examined in 108 healthy male volunteers.

2. 2. The subjects engaged in a simple RT task at two levels of stimulus intensity during baseline and treatment sessions.

3. 3. Lower stimulus intensity produced increased RTs, increased ERP peak latencies, and suppression of peak amplitudes.

4. 4. Moderate and high doses of alcohol, and high doses of diazepam produced increased RTs. Alcohol suppressed P100 and N100 amplitudes, while diazepam suppressed P100 amplitudes only. P100 amplitudes were correlated to RTs under baseline and treatment conditions.

5. 5. These results were taken as evidence for impaired stimulus detection during alcohol and diazepam intoxication, with both drugs influencing sensory-perceptual processes and alcohol alone influencing the degree of attentiveness.

硝普钠透皮递药系统控释膜的制备

为了寻找能够控制硝普钠释放的控释膜,研究了数种高分子膜的通透性,其中以经过热处理的聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜控制硝普钠释放性能较好。进一步研究了热处理条件对PVA膜通透性的影响,发现只要热处理的温度和时间恰当,就可以获得具有一定通透性的PVA膜。     

Association between alcohol consumption and aeroallergen sensitization in Danish adults

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that alcohol consumption may be one of the lifestyle factors associated with a westernized, urban, and affluent lifestyle contributing to the rise in atopic disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and atopy (aeroallergen sensitization). METHODS: In 1982, a population-based cross-sectional study of 3608 Danes (79% of the invited), aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years, was carried out. Information on alcohol consumption was obtained by a questionnaire. Aeroallergen sensitization was defined as a positive test for the detection of specific IgE against a panel of 19 common inhalant allergens in stored serum samples. A total of 3317 subjects with complete information on all variables were included in the analyses. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and aeroallergen sensitization (independent of the type of alcoholic drink consumed). This association appeared to relate only to those who consumed more than 8 drinks/week. After adjustment for confounders this association was only statistically significant for those who consumed 15-21 drinks/week (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.8). CONCLUSION: In this adult general population, self-reported alcohol consumption was positively associated with aeroallergen sensitization.     

The pathology of encephalic arteriovenous malformations treated by prior embolotherapy

Summary A pathologic study was undertaken of seven encephalic arteriovenous malformations, including five resected from one to seven days after balloon embolization, one resected 10 days after embolization with polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVA), and a large mesencephalic AVM in a patient who died eight weeks after a series of embolization procedures with PVA and silicone spheres. AVM's resected 6–7 days following balloon embolization showed focal mural and adventitial inflammatory infiltrates and parenchymal (i.e. non-vascular) necrosis of a large portion of one AVM. The AVM examined 7 days post-balloon embolization showed an intraluminal thrombus containing refractile particles surrounded by foreign body giant cells (FBGC's). The AVM removed 10 days after PVA embolotherapy showed mural and perivascular necrosis with infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The single autopsy case showed FBGC's surrounding residual PVA, refractile particles deep within vascular walls, and marked mural thickening of AVM channel walls, changes that may represent a response to previous angionecrosis and inflammation at the time of embolization. These findings, the pathogenesis of which is discussed in detail, may help to explain some of the rare complications of iatrogenic embolotherapy with these materials, as well as providing evidence for the basis of their efficacy.Presented in part at the 63rd Annual meeting of the American Association of Neuropathologists, Seattle, Washington, June, 1987