2005—2020年盐城市丙型病毒性肝炎的流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2005—2020年盐城市丙肝病例报告资料,总结丙肝流行特征,为盐城市丙肝防制工作提供参考依据。方法 收集各年度丙肝报告病例和人口学资料,采用Excel 2016软件汇总并作描述性统计分析。采用Joinpoint regression program（JRP）4.9.0.0软件对丙肝年发病率进行趋势检验,采用SPSS 25.0软件和ArcGIS 10.6软件对病例数据进行统计分析。结果 2005—2020年盐城市累计报告丙肝病例2 555例,年报告发病率整体呈平缓增长趋势,最低为2005年的0.42/10万,最高为2019年的5.84/10万。年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)为14.5% （95% CI: 11.5%~17.6%）,P<0.01。除2019年外,其余各年丙肝疫情呈散发状态,无明显季节特征。报告病例数位居前三位的地区是亭湖区、滨海县以及东台市,分别占比19.77% （505/2 555）、14.01%（358/2 555）以及12.92%（330/2 555）。男女报告病例数比为1.33[DK]∶1,发病率最高的年龄组为70~79岁年龄组（56.94/10万）。农民为报告病例数最多的人群,占比59.33%（1 516/2 555）。确诊病例2 204例,临床诊断病例332例。结论 盐城市丙肝疫情呈上升趋势。全市应进一步扩大丙型肝炎病毒检测,加强丙肝防治宣传教育和完善社会医疗保障政策来提高丙肝治疗的可及性和可负担性,同时应进一步加强对于丙肝疫情的监测以及规范丙肝的诊疗,并对重点地区、重点人群开展精准的综合干预工作。     

2011—2019年不同时期荆州市一二期梅毒时空特征对比分析

目的 分析荆州市不同时期一二期梅毒的时空分布变化情况,为合理配置卫生资源提供参考。方法 收集2011—2019年荆州市一二期梅毒疫情资料,根据发病率高低,将荆州市一二期梅毒疫情分为2011—2013年（高）、2014—2016年（中）、2017—2019年（低）3个时期,采取趋势面、空间自相关和时空扫描分析3个时期一二期梅毒在时空上的变化趋势。结果 2011—2019年,荆州市累计报告一二期梅毒4 715例,年均发病率为9.19/10万,发病率呈下降趋势（P<0.01）。趋势面分析得出荆州市一二期梅毒的高发区域逐步从西北部（2011—2013年）向中部转移（2017—2019年）。全局空间自相关分析显示,荆州市一二期梅毒发病率在2011—2013年、2014—2016年呈正相关,且有空间聚集性（Moran’s I=0.333 6、0.210 5,均P<0.01）。局部空间自相关分析显示,一二期梅毒高值聚集区2011—2013年主要集中在公安县、荆州区、沙市区、江陵县的部分乡镇（P<0.05）,2014—2016年主要集中在荆州区、沙市区、监利县的部分乡镇（P<0.05）,2017—2019年主要集中在监利县、沙市区的部分乡镇（P<0.05）。时空扫描结果显示,主聚集区在公安县、江陵县,共24个乡镇（街道）,聚集时间为2011年4月11日至2011年8月15日（RR=4.14,LLR=93.55）。结论 3个时期荆州市一二期梅毒均存在空间聚集性,高发区域逐步缩小,2017—2019年监利县、沙市区的部分乡镇为疫情高发地区,应加强对该地区的防控工作。     

A Cross-Sectional,Correlational Study Comparing Individual Characteristics of Younger and Older Nursing Home Residents using Western Canadian Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) 2.0

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics of nursing home (NH) residents by age categories in Western Canada.DesignA cross-sectional, correlational analysis of secondary data.Setting and Participants89,231 residents living in Western Canada NHs in the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and British Columbia in 2016 and 2017.MethodsResident characteristics (age, sex, marital status, body mass index, medical diagnoses, cognitive function, physical function, depressive symptoms) came from the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set 2.0 and were analyzed using chi-square, analysis of variance, and post hoc pairwise tests. Human developmental stage age categories were used to create 5 age groups: 18-34, 35-50, 51-64, 65-80, and 81 years and older.ResultsThe demographics, medical diagnoses, cognitive function, and physical function characteristics of NH residents among 5 age groups differed considerably (all P < .001). Residents aged 18-34 years were predominately male, never married, with a higher incidence of paralysis and traumatic brain injury. Residents aged 35-50 years had a higher incidence of stroke and multiple sclerosis, and residents aged 51-64 years mainly were morbidly obese and more prone to depression. Residents aged 65-80 years were predominately married and more prone to diabetes, and residents aged 81 years and older were predominately widowed, with a higher incidence of dementia compared with others.Conclusions and ImplicationsFindings describe the uniqueness of younger NH age groups and indicate that the youngest NH residents often have the severe disability and a modest support system (as defined by partnered status) compared to older residents in NHs. Future studies must analyze longitudinal data that track the growth of, and changes in, residents’ health and functional status.     

Short sleep duration at night in 2.5-year-old children is associated with childhood obesity at age 5.5 years: The Japanese children cohort study

BackgroundObesity in children contributes to higher risks of various chronic diseases in adulthood and the prevalence has increased worldwide including Japan.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between sleep duration at night in children aged 2.5 years and the subsequent risk of obesity at age 5.5 years.MethodsThis study is embedded in the Longitudinal Survey on Babies Born in the 21st Century, which recruited families who had a child born in Japan in 2001. The multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of childhood obesity at 5.5 years, defined as percentage of overweight (POW) ≥ 20 % and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile of this study population according to sleep duration at night collected at 2.5 years child age.ResultsAmong 25,378 children, 2.6 % and 3.7 % were obese at age 5.5 years defined by POW and BMI respectively. Compared with night sleep duration > 11 h/d, shorter sleep durations in 2.5 years-old children were associated with higher risk of obesity at 5.5 years; the multivariable ORs (95 %CI) were 1.05 (0.81–1.35), 1.23 (0.93–1.62) and 1.54 (1.04–2.31) for sleep duration 10, 9 and ≤ 8 h/d, respectively; p-trend = 0.03. The observed association differed according to the children (child’s sex, napping habits, and children frequently play at park), and family characteristics (mother’s age at delivery and mother’s level of education).ConclusionShort night sleep duration among girls aged 2.5 years was associated with risk of obesity at age 5.5 years, suggesting the importance of sufficient sleep duration at night for the prevention of obesity.     

试从小儿阳气特点探讨通阳法的应用

通过对小儿阳气特点的探讨,认为小儿阳多阴少乃是小儿生长发育过程中的需要,而阳气郁遏往往成为小儿疾患常见的原因,通阳法通过使郁遏之阳气得以舒展、畅通,宣泄、从而达到阳通阴和,重新获得阴阳平衡的目的。     

人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的主要形态学特性、血液学指标和血脂水平的研究

目的明确人SR-AI转基因小鼠的一些形态、脏器、血液学和血浆脂质参数,为人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的应用提供相关依据.方法用游标卡尺和电子称量天平测量人SR-AI转基因小鼠的吻长、眶间距、体长、尾长及12个脏器系数并与C57BL/6J小鼠进行比较分析;用SysmexK-4500型全血自动多参数血液分析仪检测其血液学指标;并用酶法分别测定血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量.结果人SR-AI转基因小鼠外部形态指标和脏器系数与C57BL/6J小鼠比较差异没有显著意义(P>0.05);转基因小鼠的各项血液学指标无明显改变,血脂蛋白成分的改变亦未显示统计学意义(P>0.05),甘油三酯的浓度略有增高(P<0.05).结论人SR-AI转基因小鼠的外部形态指标、脏器系数及各项血液学指标均无明显改变,适合用作动脉粥样硬化模型的研究.     

卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤临床特征及分析

目的;探讨未成熟畸胎瘤的临床特征,方法：对1979年8月至1999年7月收治的49例卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤进行回顾性分析。结果：49例卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤患者30岁以下者占75．49％,临床分期I期26例,II期6例,III期13例,IV期4例,其中实行保守性手术的5年生存率较根治性手术5年生存率稍低但无统计学差异,49例中发生于单仙卵巢的占88．2％,其中左侧占53．6％,结论：卵巢未成熟畸台瘤主要发生在青少年,单侧尤其左侧卵巢好发,临床分期与预后有关,手术方式与生存率无必然规律,对年轻患者要求生育者,可考虑保行留生育功能的手术方式。     

Seminal cell-free DNA and sperm characteristic’s: An added biomarker for male infertility investigation

Cell-free DNA (Cf-DNA) fragments may constitute an easy-to-measure molecular tool for guiding the choice of care provided to infertile couples who benefit assisted reproductive technology (ART) programmes. Data on Cf-DNA levels in the seminal plasma of men with sperm alterations are scarce. The objective of the present study was to quantify the presence of Cf-DNA in semen by using a quantitative real-time PCR. We compared men with abnormal sperm characteristics (n = 21) with normospermic controls (n = 21). The PCR assay evidenced significantly higher mean Cf-DNA levels in patients with sperm abnormalities than in controls (2.09 versus 1.18 µg/ml, respectively; p = .0003). The Cf-DNA levels were notably higher in men with azoospermia (3.65 µg/ml, versus 1.34 µg/ml in matched controls; p = .03) and men with teratozoospermia (1.80 µg/ml, versus 1.29 µg/ml in matched controls; p = .008). Our data report a significant association between elevated Cf-DNA levels and sperm abnormalities. These results may open up new diagnostic and prognostic perspectives in male infertility.     

基于Apriori算法的含丹参-当归药对的方剂用药特点与规律分析

目的 通过挖掘整理含丹参-当归的方剂,利用统计软件系统分析其用药规律。方法 检索筛选《中医方剂大辞典》中含丹参-当归药对的方剂,利用Excel软件分析中药使用频次、频率及丹参-当归配伍特征和主治中医病证频次,运用SPSS Modeler 18.0软件关联规则Apriori算法进行数据挖掘。结果 通过统计共筛选出含丹参-当归药对的方剂390首,频次统计分析发现涉及中药504味,使用频次≥60的中药共22味,除丹参、当归外,核心高频药物为川芎、甘草、白芍、肉桂、地黄、牛膝6味。通过组方规律分析得到常用中药组合有丹参-当归-川芎、丹参-当归-甘草、丹参-当归-白芍。主治病证涉及105种,频次≥10的中医病证10种,以瘀血疼痛病症、妇科病症为主。通过网络可视化得到治疗月经病的核心中药组合为丹参-当归-川芎-白芍-香附,治疗痹证的核心中药组合为丹参-当归-川芎-肉桂,治疗虚劳病核心中药组合为丹参-当归-牛膝-肉桂-防风。结论 与丹参-当归配伍的高频中药为白芍、川芎、肉桂等,优势病证为月经病、痹证和虚劳病,揭示了丹参-当归药对的用药规律,为该药对在临床合理用药及深入研究与开发提供科学依据。