过敏性休克死亡豚鼠脏器中IgE、IL-4的表达及其法医学意义

 【目的】寻找法医学鉴定过敏性休克死亡的病理形态学诊断指标。【方法】利用组织芯片技术采用免疫组化方法（SP法）检测35只过敏性休克豚鼠（实验组28只，对照组7只）死后0、6、12、24h4个时间点的心、肝、肺、肾、脾、胃、肠、气管及扁桃体组织中的ISE及IL-4的表达情况。【结果】ISE的表达：实验组肺及气管组织呈阳性表达，并以0、6h表达最强，各时间点的表达强度有统计学意义，P〈0．01；脾组织呈弱阳性表达。各时间点的表达强度无统计学意义，P〉0．05；实验组其它脏器及对照组所有脏器均无表达。IL-4的表达：实验组肺、气管及胃组织呈阳性表达，并以0、6h表达最强，各时间点的表达强度有统计学意义，P〈0．01；肠组织呈弱阳性表达，各时间点的表达强度无统计学意义，P〉0．05；实验组其它脏器及对照组所有脏器均无表达。【结论】免疫组化方法检测ISE、IL-4的表达，可望作为鉴定过敏性休克死亡的病理形态学诊断指标。     

两种抗凝剂对实验用小型猪血液生理指标的影响

目的比较分析两种抗凝剂对实验用小型猪血液生理指标的影响。方法将22只成年的实验用小型猪,分别用EDTA三钾和肝素锂抗凝采血后,用日本光电MEK-7222K血球分析仪测定血液生理指标。结果使用不同的抗凝剂,同一批样本的血液生理指标中单核细胞绝对值(MON)有差异(P0.05),平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板比积(PLT)、血小板平均体积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM)、嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞绝对值(BAS)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM)%、单核细胞绝对值(MON)%、嗜酸性粒细胞百分率(EOS)%和嗜碱性粒细胞百分率(BAS)%这12个指标有显著差异(P0.01);EDTA三钾抗凝的血液生理指标中血小板比积(PLT)、中性粒细胞绝对值(NEUT)和中性粒细胞百分率(NEUT)%有性别差异(P0.05),MON、EOS、MON%和EOS%性别差异有显著性(P0.01);肝素锂抗凝的血液生理指标中血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)、中性粒细胞绝对值(NEUT)和LYM%有性别差异(P0.05),MON、EOS、MON%、NEUT%和EOS%性别差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论不同的抗凝剂对实验用小型猪血小板和白细胞分类计数参数影响显著,进行相关实验时应妥善选择血液抗凝方式。     

针刺及川芎嗪对急性药物性聋豚鼠耳蜗生长相关蛋白GAP-43表达的影响

[目的]探讨川芎嗪、针刺单独应用及联合使用对GM(庆大霉素)致聋豚鼠耳蜗生长相关蛋白GAP-43表达的影响.[方法]将50只豚鼠随机分为5组,即:正常组、模型对照组、TMP(川芎嗪)治疗组、针刺组和TMP加针刺组,每组动物各10只,造模14天[1].即正常组每日按2.5ml/kg剂量腹腔注射生理盐水,其余各组每天腹腔注射庆大霉素100mg/kg,连续14天;同时根据组别的不同立即灌服TMP和(或)针刺相应穴位.造模结束后,豚鼠迅速断头处死,取耳蜗标本.观察指标:TUNEL染色的GAP-43的阳性率和电镜下耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞内GAP-43表达分布情况.[结果]GAP-43在实验动物耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞中都有一定的表达.正常组在胞浆和轴突内表达较弱较少,以轴突表达为主;其它各组表达较其均明显增多,以胞浆表达为主,且均较模型组为多(P<0.05).治疗组中尤以TMP加针刺组表达增多明显,组间显著性差异P<0.05.[结论]针药结合治疗增加GM致聋豚鼠耳蜗GAP-43表达,说明促进GAP-43的表达,可能是中医药防治急性药物性聋的作用原理之一.     

丙戊酸钠与经典抗心律失常药作用的比较

在不同实验动物模型上,丙戊酸钠抗氯化钡性大鼠心律失常作用明显强于奎尼丁和利多卡因等,与心得安相当;抗肾上腺素性豚鼠心律失常作用,与异搏定相当,提高家兔电室颤阈值的作用大于心得安,但比利多卡因弱;对大鼠坐骨神经的局部麻醉作用弱于奎尼丁。本品的抗心律失常作用与自主神经活动无关;对心率影响小;对乙酰胆碱性狗心房颤动无效,     

豚鼠皮肤球形马拉色菌感染模型的建立

目的：建立皮肤球形马拉色菌感染的动物模型。方法：分别采用涂菌1次法、涂菌1次并皮下注射甲泼尼龙法、连续7d涂菌法3种方法诱导豚鼠皮肤感染球形马拉色菌。结果：连续7d涂菌法适合于此模型的建立,得到了满意的皮损及菌落数。结论：皮肤菌落计数能更直观、客观地反映药物的短期疗效,是评价皮肤球形马拉色菌感染模型较科学的指标。     

Glial nodule encephalitis in the guinea pig: serial observations following cytomegalovirus infection

Summary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis, characterized by microglial nodules, is a major neurological complication in AIDS. There is a clear need for a well-characterized laboratory model of CMV encephalitis. We report here the sequential virological, histopathological, and antibody responses of young guinea pigs inoculated intracerebrally with guinea pig CMV. Virus was found to peak in the brain in the 1st week, to peak in the spleen in the 2nd week, and to be cleared from the brain with the development of serum neutralizing antibody 3 to 4 weeks post infection. Leptomeningitis peaked at the end of the 1st week, independent of the changes found in the parenchyma. Diffuse and focal infiltration of systemic cells was found in the cortex. Microglial nodules consisting of swirled and elongated cells, sometimes in association with intranuclear inclusion bearing cells, were prominent. The parenchymal changes, including scattered foci of ependymitis and ventriculitis, were most prominent in the 2nd week post infection. This model should facilitate studies of the host defense response in the brain and of the role of antiviral therapy in CMV encephalitis.Supported by funds from the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food products: cause for concern or case for complacency?

The widespread use of antimicrobial agents, in combination with insufficient infection control measures, is the main driver of the current pandemic of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens. The use of antimicrobials in food animal production also contributes, because resistant organisms and resistance genes can spread from animals to humans by direct contact or through the food chain. An important, traditionally human, pathogen, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is currently endemic in many hospitals around the world and has also emerged in the community. Recently, a new reservoir of MRSA has been identified in food production animals and people in contact with these animals. This involves a specific clone, multilocus sequence type 398 (ST398), which has spread extensively among animals. ST398 has also been found in up to 11.9% of retail meat samples in several surveys from different parts of the world, posing a potential threat to human health.     

运用血清药理学方法研究生脉散对豚鼠离体工作心脏的作用

目的观察家兔灌胃给予生脉散后,其含药血清对豚鼠离体工作心脏血流动力学的影响。方法家兔按分组灌胃分别给予生脉散5,10 ml.kg-1,2次/d,连续3 d,末次给药后60 min取血,分离血清。制备豚鼠离体工作心脏,观察含药血清对心率(HR)、动脉血压(AP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、左室内压最大上升及下降速率(±dp/dtmax)的影响。结果含药血清在给药后不同时间具有减慢HR,降低AP,LVEDP,增高LVSP和±dp/dtm ax的作用,且呈明显的剂量依赖关系(P<0.01)。结论含药血清具有正性肌力和负性频率作用。