Comparing Effectiveness of High-Fidelity Human Patient Simulation vs Case-Based Learning in Pharmacy Education

Objective. To determine whether human patient simulation (HPS) is superior to case-based learning (CBL) in teaching diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and thyroid storm (TS) to pharmacy students.Design. In this cross-over, open-label, single center, randomized control trial, final-year undergraduate pharmacy students enrolled in an applied therapeutics course were randomized to HPS or CBL groups. Pretest, posttest, knowledge retention tests, and satisfaction survey were administered to students.Assessment. One hundred seventy-four students participated in this study. The effect sizes attributable to HPS were larger than CBL in both cases. HPS groups performed significantly better in posttest and knowledge retention test compared to CBL groups pertaining to TS case (p<0.05). Students expressed high levels of satisfaction with HPS sessions.Conclusion. HPS was superior to CBL in teaching DKA and TS to final-year undergraduate pharmacy students.     

289 例特殊患者用药咨询调查分析

目的促进医院药房药师针对特殊人群的用药咨询工作质量。方法选择医院门诊289例特殊人员（孕妇、老人、未成年人监护人）用药咨询记录进行调查。结果与结论做好药房门诊的特殊患者用药咨询工作,可帮助患者提高合理、正确用药知识,从正确用药、减少误服和超量用药、不规范用药等方面起到辅助医疗作用。     

PFNA微创与PFN固定手术治疗老年股骨粗隆部骨折的比较研究

目的：探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）微创固定手术与股骨近端髓内针（PFN）微创固定手术治疗老年股骨粗隆部骨折的效果差异。方法：选取老年股骨粗隆部骨折患者73例,随机将其分为两组,观察组37例,采用PFNA微创固定手术治疗,对照组36例,采用PFN微创固定手术治疗,比较两组患者手术效果和术后髋关节恢复状况。结果：观察组手术时间、骨折愈合时间术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后髋关节优良率明显高于对照组,并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异都有统计学意义。结论：PFNA微创固定手术治疗老年股骨粗隆部骨折的临床效果显著,可明显改善患者髋关节术后恢复状况,值得临床推广使用。     

康惠尔透明贴预防肿瘤患者短期TPN治疗所致静脉炎的效果观察

目的分析TPN治疗引起静脉炎的原因,观察康惠尔透明贴预防TPN治疗所致静脉炎的效果。方法选择2011年1月至2013年6月在我科行肿瘤介入术后接受TPN治疗的患者100例,将100例患者随机分为观察组与对照组,各50例,对照组给予普通贴膜覆盖留置针,观察组使用康惠尔透明贴覆盖留置针,观察两组静脉炎的发生情况。结果观察组发生静脉炎2例,发生率为4%;对照组发生静脉炎9例,发生率为18%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.0,P<0.05)。输入TPN第10天,观察组发生静脉炎1例,发生率为2%;对照组发生静脉炎7例,发生率为14%。两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.89,P<0.05)。结论采用康惠尔透明贴可以预防和减少静脉炎发生,操作方便,患者易于接受,值得临床推广使用。     

233例感染铜绿假单胞菌的老年患者耐药性分析

目的了解感染铜绿假单胞菌老年患者的耐药性特征,为临床预防及治疗提供理论依据。方法收集我院2013年1月至2014年7月感染铜绿假单胞菌的老年患者病例233例,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法和CLSI 2013年版判断标准进行耐药性监测,并用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果阿米卡星耐药率最低,其他耐药率低于60%的包括庆大霉素、妥布霉素、复方新诺明、罗米沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、美罗培南、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶。结论老年患者中分离的铜绿假单胞菌呈现出多重耐药且耐药率不断上升的特点,建议根据药敏结果选择抗菌药物并联合用药。     

基层医院艾滋病管理的问题和解决对策

自从我国首次发现艾滋病病例以来,目前艾滋病的发展已经步入快速增长阶段。由于受到社会歧视等因素的影响,我国艾滋病患者的估计人数和实际人数之间还有很大的出入,仍然有大量的艾滋病感染者未被发现。在发现传染源之后,往往因为一些客观因素的影响,导致一些已发现的传染源管理丢失的现象出现。目前全国各地艾滋病的疫情基本上与这一规律相符合,并有从外来人口转入本地人口、由患病人群向普通人群发展的趋势。目前国内已有一些专业水平较高的艾滋病治疗机构对此开展了有益的研究和实践,试图通过一些措施改善艾滋病的现状。根据目前艾滋病的发展现状和趋势,对基层医院艾滋病管理中出现的问题和解决对策进行了分析和探讨。     

优质综合护理干预对大面积烧伤患者心理障碍的影响

目的探讨优愿综合护理干预对大面积烧伤患者心理障碍的影响。方法选择2012年1月~2014年1月本院收治的大面积烧伤患者126例,随机分为两组,每组各63例。对照组患者采用常规治疗与护理,观察组在对照组的基础上进行优质综合护理干预,比较两组的护理效果。结果观察组干预后的SAS、SDS评分均显著低于干预前及对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组的食欲不振、情绪低落、睡眠障碍、拒绝治疗的发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论优质综合护理干预应用于大面积烧伤患者,能够消除患者的心理障碍,提高其生活质量。     

胸腺肽α1治疗老年晚期恶性肿瘤的效果分析

目的：研究和分析胸腺肽α1治疗老年晚期恶性肿瘤的临床效果。方法选取2012年1月～2013年9月在本院接受治疗的60例晚期恶性肿瘤老年患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上采用胸腺肽α1治疗,比较两组的治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果观察组的总有效率为60.0%,高于对照组的30.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗前,两组的细胞免疫功能指标比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗后,观察组的CD4/CD8及NK阳性细胞百分率均高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论老年晚期恶性肿瘤患者采用胸腺肽α1治疗的效果确切,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of vildagliptin on 10-year cardiovascular risk reduction in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world observational study

Background and aimsThis study aimed to assess the effects of vildagliptin on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the Thai Cardiovascular Risk Score.MethodsAll patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who used vildagliptin at a secondary hospital in Thailand were screened and recruited. The relevant variables were obtained from patient medication charts at the first visit on which the patients were prescribed vildagliptin and from the 6-month, 12-month, and 18-month post-treatment visits. The Thai Cardiovascular Risk Score was calculated and monitored as a primary outcome, whereas changes in separate cardiometabolic parameters were assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsOf the 321 patients screened, only 95 were recruited for the analysis. The average 10-year cardiovascular risks of patients increased from 19.65% at baseline to 20.74%, 20.69%, and 23.78% at 6, 12, and 18 months post treatment, respectively. However, a better trend of reduction in cardiovascular risk was observed in patients with a high baseline cardiovascular risk. The glucose-lowering effects of vildagliptin were significantly observed 12 months of treatment onwards, but non-significant changes were found in lipid and blood pressure levels as well as body mass index.ConclusionVildagliptin provided a promising glucose-lowering effect in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mean 10-year cardiovascular risk did not significantly decrease. However, a negative correlation between cardiovascular risk reduction and baseline cardiovascular risk was observed in this study. Low sample size was a major limitation of this study.