外伤性截瘫的中医治疗及研究概况

通过对近年的国内有关外伤性截瘫的中医药研究及治疗资料整理概述,发现外伤性截瘫的中医药治疗及研究仍然以针灸为主,研究的水平已深入到分子水平,治疗上也显示了较好的疗效,但一些损伤严重的截瘫仍然得不到明显的恢复,此病仍然达不到根治。这种状况不仅需要从医学的角度去不断的创新和探索,还有待于其他科学领域的突破,为根治本病获得更多有效的手段。     

离子刀配合中药熏洗治疗高位单纯性肛瘘临床随机对照研究

目的：评价离子刀配合中药熏洗治疗高位单纯性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法：将2014年11月至2015年11月在我院肛肠科接受治疗的150例高位单纯性肛瘘患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为挂线组与离子刀组,每组75例,挂线组采用传统切开挂线手术进行治疗,离子刀组采用离子刀手术治疗,两组术后均联合中药熏洗治疗,对两组临床治疗效果作回顾性分析与比较。结果：离子刀组临床治愈率100.00%,高于挂线组治愈率94.67%(χ2=4.1096);离子刀组术后VAS评分、创面愈合时间分别为(2.2±0.54)分、(19±6.45) d,明显优于挂线组(4.7±0.85)分、(28±9.15) d (t=21.4995、6.9623);离子刀组术后随访6个月无复发例数,挂线组术后6个月复发率6.67%(χ2=5.1724);两组术后主要疗效与次要疗效比较均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：离子刀手术治疗高位单纯性肛瘘的疗效显著,复发率低,同时于术后配合中药熏洗治疗,可促进创面愈合,加快术后恢复。     

前路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫

目的探讨前路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫的临床疗效。方法回顾经前路减压内固定手术治疗的21例胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫的病例,并分析前路手术的优缺点、适应证及内固定的选择。结果所有病例脊髓均获得有效减压,15例获得随访,术后平均随访5．5年,发现植骨块融合良好,伤椎高度基本恢复,Cobb’s角由术前平均17°恢复到5°,Frankel分级恢复一级者5例,恢复二级者5例,无变化者5例。结论前路减压内固定术是集减压、复位、内固定、植骨融合、矫正畸形、重建脊柱稳定一次完成的有效方法,但手术创伤大,出血多,应严格掌握手术指征。     

个体化护理干预对颈椎骨折伴高位截瘫患者压疮预防管理的影响

目的探讨个体化护理干预对颈椎骨折伴高位截瘫患者压疮预防的作用。方法将84例颈椎骨折伴高位截瘫患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组各42例。对照组给予常规压疮护理,观察组在常规护理基础上以整体护理模式为理论框架,采用Barden压疮风险评估表进行评估,并对评分结果给予个体化针对性护理干预。出院前评价两组患者压疮发生情况。结果对照组42例患者中发生压疮8例,压疮发生率为19%,观察组发生压疮2例,压疮发生率为4.8%,差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.725,P0.05)。结论个体化护理干预能有效降低颈椎骨折伴高位截瘫患者的压疮发生,改善患者生活质量。     

一个遗传性痉挛性截瘫家系的致病基因定位研究

目的 对一个含5代、19个患者的常染色体显性遗体性痉挛性截瘫(Autosomal Dominant Pure HereditarySpastic Paraplegia,ADPHSP)的黑龙江家系进行致病基因的定位。方法 全基因组扫描和连锁分析技术。结果 我们将这一家系的致病基因定位于15q11.1-q12,SPG6的位点(Lod Score 4.55).结论 在我国也有SPG6位点基因所敛的ADPHSP。     

TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE THORACIC AORTA: TEN-YEAR EXPERIENCE WITH FOLLOW UP

In the past 10 years, 13 cases of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta were treated at the Dunedin Hospital. Ages ranged from 16 to 77 years, with a mean of 27 years. Twelve of the patients were involved in high speed motor vehicle accidents and one sustained a fall. The diagnosis was suspected in all 13 cases by a widened mediastinum on plain chest X-ray and confirmed by aortography in all cases. Associated injuries were common. The time interval from injury to surgery ranged from 5 h to 16 days, with a mean of 3 days. A Gott Shunt was used in five patients, seven had partial bypass and one had simple aortic cross-clamping. Mean aortic cross-clamp time was 62min. Mortality was 15%, both deaths occurring in the bypass group. There were two cases of paraplegia, one occurring in the bypass group and the other in the patient having simple cross-clamping of the aorta. Follow up was possible in 8 of 13 patients and ranged from 3 months to 10 years, with a mean of 39 months. Delayed death due to heart failure occurred after discharge in a 77 year old man 40 days after operation. The long-term results were satisfactory in all survivors, apart from one poorly rehabilitated paraplegic.     

遗传性痉挛性截瘫一大家系19例遗传学分析

对遗传性痉挛性截瘫一家系6代98人进行了遗传学调查。其中19例均表现典型的临床症状。并对2例作肌电图检查显示锥体束损害征,对存活的患者进行染色体G显带分析,结果无显著异常。据系谱分析,该疾病符合常染色体显性遗传方式。     

支气管动脉灌注、栓塞并发高位截瘫的有关问题探讨

目的 探讨肺癌支气管动脉灌注、栓塞术后并发高位截瘫的原因、预防及治疗措施。资料与方法采用支气管动脉灌注、栓塞治疗中晚期肺癌350例，其中发生高位截瘫3例(0．86％)。结果 经及时扩张血管、溶栓及应用神经营养药物治疗，2例病情逐渐减轻，15天后恢复，l例无明显改善。结论 支气管动脉灌注、栓塞治疗肺癌的严重并发症是高位截瘫，及时扩张血管、溶栓及神经营养治疗是其关键。     

Macrocephaly, distinct craniofacial appearance and spastic paraplegia: an autosomal recessive subtype of complicated spastic paraplegia

In this report we describe two siblings, a 15-year-old female and her 8-year-old brother, with spastic paraparesis, macrocephaly and distinct craniofacial appearance, as an apparent autosomal recessive subtype of complicated spastic paraplegia.     

GPT2 mutations cause developmental encephalopathy with microcephaly and features of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia

Various genetic defects can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Often IDD is a symptom of a more complex neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative syndrome. Identifying syndromic patterns is substantive for diagnostics and for understanding the pathomechanism of a disease. Recessive glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT2) mutations have recently been associated with IDD in 4 families. Here, we report a novel recessive GPT2 stop mutation p.Gln24* causing a complex IDD phenotype in a homozygous state in 5 patients from 2 consanguineous Arab families. By compiling clinical information of these individuals and previously described GPT2 patients a recognizable neurodevelopmental and potentially neurodegenerative phenotype can be assigned consisting of intellectual disability, pyramidal tract affection with spastic paraplegia, microcephaly and frequently epilepsy. Because of the consistent presence of pyramidal tract affection in GPT2 patients, we further suggest that GPT2 mutations should be considered in cases with complex hereditary spastic paraplegia.