静电纺丝制备肌腱组织工程支架的研究进展

目的综述静电纺丝(简称电纺)技术在肌腱组织工程支架制备方面的应用,描述其应用效果及前景。方法查阅近年来国内外应用电纺技术制备肌腱组织工程支架的相关文献,并从多方面进行阐述。结果电纺技术制得的电纺纤维,因其大比表面积和高孔隙率,近年来广泛用于肌腱组织工程支架材料的研究。包括聚乳酸在内的多种材料已成功电纺成各种类型的肌腱组织工程支架,并在肌腱缺损修复中取得良好效果。结论电纺技术为肌腱组织工程支架材料的制备提供了新途径,随着该技术的完善,其将会在肌腱组织工程领域拥有广阔的应用前景。     

Five-year results of fissurectomy for chronic anal fissure: low recurrence rate and minimal effect on continence

Aim The aim of the study was to determine the long‐term outcome, recurrence rate and faecal incontinence score after fissurectomy for chronic anal fissure (CAF) not responding to conservative treatment. Method Fifty‐three consecutive patients (29 women) who underwent fissurectomy for a medically resistant CAF between 1998 and 2005 were included in the study. At a minimum follow‐up of 5 years a standardized questionnaire was sent to all patients, assessing recurrence, satisfaction with the operation (on a scale of 0–10) and faecal continence (Vaizey score, 0–24). The patients were compared with a control group of 50 healthy volunteers, matched for sex and age, who had never undergone anal surgery. Results Forty‐three (81%) patients (25 women) returned the questionnaire. The mean age was 40 (SD 12.1) years and median follow up was 8.2 (5.5–12.2) years. Five patients had a recurrent CAF (11.6%). Ninety per cent of patients would have consented to the operation again if necessary. The mean Vaizey score at follow‐up was 2.5 (SD ± 4.2). The mean Vaizey score of the four patients who had had a previous lateral sphincterotomy was 3.8 and for the eight patients who had reported a continence disturbance before fissurectomy it was 8.3. The mean Vaizey score of the 31 patients who were continent before fissurectomy was 0.8 compared with 0.4 in the control group (P = 0.9). Conclusion At 5 years or more fissurectomy for medically resistant CAF is effective with a low recurrence rate and minimal influence on continence.     

硝酸甘油软膏加扩肛与单纯扩肛治疗肛裂96例对照观察

目的探讨扩肛加硝酸甘油软膏治疗肛裂的临床效果。方法将2011年5月至2011年10月到常州市中医医院治疗的96例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肛裂患者,随机分为两组,在常规扩肛术的基础上于肛裂创面外用硝酸甘油软膏治疗49例为治疗组,单纯扩肛治疗47例为对照组。结果 96例患者随访时间3～6个月。治疗组复发2例,治愈率95.9%,对照组复发9例,治愈率80.9%,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论肛裂行扩肛术后局部再外用硝酸甘油软膏,有利于肛裂的治愈,减少并发症的发生。     

A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肛裂的临床研究

目的评价A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肛裂的安全性和有效性,探索其手术操作步骤及要点,介绍一种治疗肛裂的新手术方式。方法采用随机、平行、对照的临床试验方法,将纳入病例随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组行A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术,对照组行肛裂切除扩创术加部分内括约肌侧方切断术。将2组安全性指标(包括肛门狭窄、肛门失禁、急性尿潴留、术后疼痛的发生及直肠肛管测压结果)和有效性指标(包括痊愈率、手术时间、切口创面愈合时间、切口愈合分级、切口愈合后瘢痕面积大小)进行比较。结果 2组均无肛门狭窄和急性尿潴留发生;对照组肛门失禁评分高于试验组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组术后(术后24 h、术后第1次排便及术后1周)疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。术前、术后直肠肛管测压结果 2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组痊愈率高于对照组(P<0.05),手术时间及切口创面愈合时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.01),切口愈合优于对照组(P<0.05),切口愈合后瘢痕面积小于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术具有治愈率高、切口愈合时间短、切口愈合后瘢痕面积小、操作快捷、手术微创化等优点;且在肛门外形和功能保护方面优于对照组,本术式具有较好的临床疗效和安全性。     

Mucosectomy and stapled pouch‐anal anastomosis in familial adenomatous polyposis

Aim In familial adenomatous polyposis, a restorative proctocolectomy with an ileo‐anal pouch may be performed either with a mucosectomy and a hand‐sewn anastomosis or as a stapled anastomosis without a mucosectomy. The disadvantage of the former is suboptimal bowel function and the disadvantage of the latter is a high risk of recurrent adenomas in the rectal mucosal remnant. Method A procedure is presented that combines the advantages of mucosectomy and stapled ileo‐anal anastomosis. Results No severe complications were seen in 14 patients. After a median follow up of 29 (range 7–144) months, 13 (93%) patients were fully continent day and night with a median frequency of defecation of 5 (range 2–8)/24 h. No adenomas were found at the annual endoscopic follow up. Conclusion Mucosectomy with a stapled ileo‐anal pouch has few complications. Short‐term results show good function and a very low risk of recurrent adenoma development.     

Does the magnetic anal sphincter device compare favourably with sacral nerve stimulation in the management of faecal incontinence?

Aim The magnetic anal sphincter (MAS) is a recent surgical innovation for severe faecal incontinence (FI). With its place in the treatment algorithm of FI yet to be defined, we report a nonrandomized comparison between MAS and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in a single‐centre cohort of patients with FI. Method Data were reviewed from prospective databases. From December 2008 to December 2010, 12 women [median age 65 (42–76) years], having FI for a median of 6.5 years, were implanted with a MAS. Sixteen women, of similar age, preoperative function scores, aetiology and duration of incontinence, and implanted with a permanent SNS pulse generator during the same period, served as a reference group. The duration of hospital stay, complications, change in incontinence and quality of life scores and anal physiology were compared between the two groups. Results The duration of follow up was similar [MAS = 18 (8–30) months vs SNS = 22 (10–28) months; P = 0.318]. Four patients with MAS experienced a 30‐day complication, and the device was removed from one patient in each group. A significant improvement in incontinence (P < 0.001) and quality‐of‐life scores (P < 0.04) occurred in both groups. Mean anal resting pressure increased significantly in patients implanted with a MAS (P = 0.027). Conclusion In this single‐centre nonrandomized cohort of FI patients, MAS was as effective as SNS in improving continence and quality of life, with similar morbidity. These results can now serve as a prelude to a randomized trial comparing the procedures.     

南充市社区中老年人群血脂血糖现状水平分析

【摘要】 目的 了解社区中老年人群的血脂、血糖现状水平,探讨其与性别和年龄的关系,为本地区心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等疾病的防治提供诊疗依据。方法 对我市38078名社区居民采集清晨空腹血清标本,检测血糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL C）的结果,并对其进行年龄、性别分组统计分析。结果 不同性别和年龄组间的血脂、血糖水平差异有统计学意义（P＜005）,74~89岁年龄组血脂、血糖总体水平高于其他各年龄组（P＜005）;女性血脂水平普遍高于男性（P＜005）。结论 中老年人群血脂、血糖异常率高,应定期对中老年人进行血脂、血糖监测,开展宣传教育活动,提高自我保健意识,预防高血脂、高血糖的发生和发展。     

替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷在老年冠心病患者抗血小板治疗中有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的：探讨替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷在老年冠心病患者抗血小板治疗中的疗效及安全性,阐明更合理的抗血小板治疗策略。方法：应用计算机检索Cochrane试验资料库、Ovid-Medline全文数据库、EMBase数据库、PubMed数据库、中国学术文献总库（CNKI）、万方数字化期刊库、维普数据库（VIP）及中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）,收集分为替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组治疗老年冠心病的随机对照试验（RCT）,2组患者分别给予替格瑞洛联合其他药物及氯吡格雷联合其他药物治疗,应用RevMan5.3统计软件进行Meta分析,观察抗血小板治疗有效性相关不良事件[即主要心血管不良事件（MACE）、心肌梗死（MI）、支架内血栓、全因死亡及卒中]和安全性相关不良事件（出血事件）的发生情况。结果：按照纳入和排除标准,共纳入15篇符合入选标准的RCT。Meta分析,与氯吡格雷组比较,替格瑞洛组MACE发生率（RR=0.59,95% CI：0.46~0.76,Z=4.08,P<0.01）、MI发生率（RR=0.48,95% CI：0.28~0.81,Z=2.74,P=0.006）、支架内血栓发生率（RR=0.16,95% CI：0.06~0.48,Z=3.30,P=0.001）和全因死亡发生率（RR=0.52,95% CI：0.30~0.89,Z=2.41,P=0.02）均明显降低,卒中发生率（RR=0.76,95% CI：0.39~1.47,Z=0.81,P=0.42）差异无统计学意义,出血发生率（RR=1.57,95% CI：1.20~2.05,Z=3.28,P=0.001）明显增加。结论：对于老年冠心病患者,替格瑞洛抗血小板治疗的有效性优于氯吡格雷,但可增加出血发生率。     

Ano-cutaneous flap repair for complex and recurrent supra-sphincteric anal fistula.

BACKGROUND: Suprasphincteric fistulae remain the most difficult to cure. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing rate of suprasphincteric anal fistula treated by ano-cutaneous advancement flap repair, and the impact of this procedure on continence and quality of life. METHOD: Sixteen patients with complex, recurrent or chronic suprasphincteric fistulae associated with significant tissue damage (necrotizing fasciitis, keyhole deformity and anal stenosis) or who had failed previous surgical procedures were treated by ano-cutaneous flap closure. They were assessed pre and postoperatively by the treating surgeon for wound healing and fistula recurrence and later followed up by phone interview using the St Mark's Hospital incontinence score and the Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI) as indicators of treatment outcome. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had successful healing of their fistula with the cutaneous flap, with recurrence in only one. The most common short-term complications were minor graft site wound separation, which healed in all cases without intervention, and wound pain, which settled over time and was not associated with recurrence. Continence improved for almost 70% of the patients, with a significant reduction in St Mark's incontinence scores (t = 2.62, 15 d.f., P = 0.02). PDAI also decreased significantly (t = 7.55, 15 d.f., P < 0.001), demonstrating improvement in quality of life for most patients. CONCLUSION: Ano-cutaneous flap can achieve healing of complex and recurrent suprasphincteric anal fistula in patients who had previously failed at other forms of treatment thus improving their quality of life and continence.     

肛管松解加病理组织切除治疗陈旧性肛裂170例临床观察

目的：分析肛管松解加病理组织切除治疗陈旧性肛裂的疗效。方法：对l70例陈旧性肛裂病人采用裂口内直视下切断外括约肌皮下部和齿状线下内括约肌部分并修剪裂口、切除局部病理组织。结果：有效率为100％，治愈168例（98．8％），好转2例（1．2％）。结论：肛管松解加病理组织切除治疗陈旧性肛裂是一种安全可靠的治疗方法。