原发性肝癌经皮微波凝固治疗前后局部免疫活性细胞功能检测

目的：了解原发性肝癌经皮微波凝固治疗前、后局部免疫活性细胞功能变化。方法：C地38例病理诊断原发性肝癌,并接受超声导引下经皮微波凝固治疗的患者。分别治疗前及治疗后17d,超声导引下经皮用18G组织切割针于病灶及其周边肝组织取活检标本,取出的组织标本石蜡包埋,采用特异性单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色,检测CD3^ 、CD56^ 、CD68^ 细胞及T淋巴细胞表面Fas配体;并在光镜下观察,用病理图像分析仪测量治疗前后、后阳性细胞直径、阳性细胞占单位面积百分比、T淋巴细胞Fas-L阳性表达率及治疗前后巨噬细胞内次级溶酶体变化。结果：治疗前肿瘤内仅有少量免疫细胞浸润,多数浸润的CD3^ 和CD56^ 细胞最大径小于10μm,CD68^ 细胞最大径小于18μm。治疗后病灶内浸润的CD3^ 、CD56^ 和CD68^ 细胞数量较治疗前明显增加,细胞体积明显增大（同治疗前相比CD3^ 细胞和CD56^ 细胞t和P值分别为3．48,－4．76和0．025,0．000,巨噬细胞t和P值分别为－2．46和0．028）。最大径大于10μm的CD3^ 和CD56^ 细胞分别由治疗前的10．4％和20．1％增至24．9％和30．2％,最大径大于18μm的CD68^ 细胞由10．2％增至33．4％。T淋巴细胞Fas-L阳性率由治疗前的7．2％增高至20．1％（P＜0．01,巨噬细胞内次级溶酶体和T淋巴细胞内细胞器明显增多。结论：原发性肝癌经皮微波凝固治疗提高局部浸润免疫细胞的功能。     

CD3AK细胞对烧伤患者免疫功能的影响

通过检测患者淋巴细胞转化功能及NK细胞活性,调查CD3AK细胞对烧伤患者免疫功能的影响.结果发现:CD3AK细胞使T细胞转化为母细胞能力增加,NK细胞活性升高,表明CD3AK细胞能改善烧伤患者免疫功能低下的状态,促进细胞免疫功能的恢复.     

Immunopathology of the implantation site utilizing monoclonal antibodies to natural killer cells in women with recurrent pregnancy losses

PROBLEM: Placental lesions of 71 women with documented recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown etiology were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. METHOD OF STUDY: Placental tissue blocks (less than 12 weeks gestation) from prior pregnancy losses were obtained, recut, and analyzed utilizing monoclonal antibody to identify the trophoblast (cytokeratin 8/18) and natural killer (NK) cells (CD57) at the implantation site. The following features were evaluated: trophoblast invasion pattern; syncytium formation; vasculitis and thromboembolism of decidual vessels; decidual inflammation; decidual necrosis; fibrin deposition at the decidual necrosis site; mononuclear-cell infiltration in villi and intervillous space; perivillous fibrin deposition; trophoblast morphology; and quantitation of CD57+ NK cells within the decidual tissue near the implantation site. Controls consisted of 20 healthy women with no history of recurrent pregnancy losses, who had their pregnancies electively terminated. RESULTS: Of the women studied, 29.6% demonstrated elevated CD57+ NK cells at the implantation site (P = 0.030), 54.1% had inadequate cytotrophoblast invasion depth (P = 0.000), 44.1% demonstrated inadequate syncytium formation (P = 0.004), and 33.9% presented thromboembolism in decidual vessels (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Some women with recurrent spontaneous abortions demonstrate abnormal placental lesions at the implantation site. Immunopathologic evaluation of the placental implantation site that terminated in a spontaneous abortion may reveal the immunopathogenesis of previous pregnancy losses.     

子宫内膜异位症患者免疫功能的变化

目的　为了探讨子宫内膜异位症发病的免疫机制。方法　采用间接免疫荧光法对子宫内膜异位症患者外周血中的 Ｔ细胞亚群、 Ｂ 细胞, Ｎ Ｋ 细胞及 Ｉ Ｌ－ ２ Ｒ＋ 细胞进行检测,并采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法对子宫内膜异位症患者外周血及腹腔液中的 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ－ α浓度进行了检测。结果　子宫内膜异位症患者外周血中 Ｔ 细胞亚群失衡、 Ｂ 细胞增多,外周血及腹腔液中的 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ－ α浓度显著升高。结论　外周血中 Ｔ 细胞亚群失衡、 Ｂ 细胞增多,腹腔液中 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆα浓度升高可能与子宫内膜异位症的发生,发展密切相关。     

中俄,中哈边境地区莱姆病自然疫源地调查研究

目的：调查边境地区莱杂姆病和自然疫源地的状况。方法;对血清学、病原学、宿主、媒介,病例和地理景观方面进行调查。结果：用ＩＦＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ法共检测人畜血清１５０１份,从１９９份人血清中检出抗体阳性１８份,阳性率为９．０５％,并发现莱姆病典型患者１５例;检查马血清２０份,阳性５份,阳性率为２５．００％;检查牛血清３９９份,阳性６９份,阳性率１７．２９％;检查羊血清８８３份,阳性１９９份,阳性率２２．５     

异种表面角膜镜片术后外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的流式细胞仪分析

目的;研究异种表面角膜术后机体对异种角膜的免疫反应,阐明人体对异种角膜的免疫耐受机制。方法：应用流式细胞仪对９例接受异种表面角膜镜片术患者术后外周血Ｔ细胞的分布和自然杀伤细胞的活性进行了分析。结果;术后２个月,Ｔ细胞末被激活,ＮＫ活化程度显著提高,但未激发排斥反应。结论;猴角膜镜片虽可诱发轻微的免疫应答,但未达到增强抗原诱发的Ｔ细胞增殖应答的程度。     

Responses of long descending propriospinal neurons to natural and electrical types of stimuli in cat

Long descending propriospinal (LDP) neurons (antidromically identified) having cell bodies of origin in the cervical enlargement and projecting axons at least as far as the L2 segment were studied. Extracellular recording of responses to natural and electrical stimuli was done in high-spinal cats.

(1) A receptive field for natural stimuli was found for 123 LDP neurons. An additional 108 LDP cells were not activated by the natural stimuli used, but some of these fired spike potentials in response to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves of the forelimb. There was no distinction between neurons activated and those not activated by natural stimuli on the basis of location or conduction velocity.

(2) The most effective natural stimuli were mechanical manipulation of the skin (both low and high threshold), movement of joints of the paw, and pressure to the deep tissues, especially to the extensor side of the arm. These modalities of stimuli were most often excitatory, but could be inhibitory as well.

(3) On the basis of modality, 4 subgroups of LDP cells were identified: those which were responsive only to mechanical-cutaneous, joint-movement, or deep-pressure stimuli, and those which responded to several of these modalities of stimuli, the multimodal group. These subgroups could not be distinguished on the basis of conduction velocity.

(4) The receptive fields varied in size from small (one digit) to large (all of a forelimb). For single LDP cells they included ones with single and/or multimodal input from one or both forelimbs and various combinations of excitation and/or inhibition. However, those in the dorsal horn had only ipsilateral receptive fields, mainly of the mechanical-cutaneous type. Cells with bilateral receptive fields were mainly located medially in the ventral gray in laminae VII and VIII.

(5) A comparison of the location of the subtypes of LDP cells revealed that neurons activated by mechanical-cutaneous stimuli were in laminae I and IV–VIII; whereas deep-pressure and multimodal activated neurons were almost exclusively in laminae VII and VIII.

(6) LDP cells receiving input from deep-pressure receptors in the extensor muscles of the arm, joint-movement, or deep-pressure receptors of the paw probably relay position or weight-bearing information about the forelimbs to the lumbosacral spinal cord. This arrangement suggests that LDP neurons function in interlimb coordination and would be active during locomotion. They probably participate also in other reflexes elicited by cutaneous and deep stimuli.

An historical prospective study of mortality within a cohort of gas distribution workers

An historical prospective study of mortality within a cohort of 1,410 gas distribution workers was conducted. This cohort was followed for ten years (1971-1980) and data on 118 deaths were obtained. Five-year (1973-1977) averages of both St. Louis and United States age-specific mortality figures were used to create "expected" mortality rates for comparison with the observed deaths in the cohort. Analyses of the cohort were done according to: 1) person-years contributed during the study period (the "age-attained" method) and 2) the number of years from commencement of work in the company until the end of the study period (1980) or death (the "latency" methods of analysis, Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were calculated for all causes of death, all malignant neoplasms, and for cardiovascular disease and malignant neoplasms of the respiratory and digestive systems. In no case was the SMR found to be beyond the range of what would be expected in the "standard" populations. While the present study does not contradict the negative findings of the one previous investigation of mortality of gas distribution workers, the limitations of small cohort size, reliance on death certificates and non-industrial comparison populations make any conclusions at best provisional.     

羌活资源危机和保护

在前人工作基础上，结合从事羌活研究的实践，对羌活的资源现状、存在问题、导致资源危机的内外原因等进行剖析，为羌活资源的合理利用和保护提供参考。羌活资源面临严重危机；独特的生物学特性，分布区域狭窄，恶劣的气候环境和生态破坏，缺乏资源保护措施、过度采挖，可持续利用科研滞后等因素是导致资源危机根源。通过建立自然保护区和种质资源圃，加强资源保护立法和宣传，加强引种栽培技术研究、建立保护基地，强调产品开发与资源保护并重，加强药材质量标准制定及临控等措施对资源进行保护和恢复。     

吸附树脂及其在天然产物和抗生素中的应用

简要介绍了吸附树脂的概念、发展和最新的研究进展；药用吸附树脂的研究现状，以及在天然产物和抗生素分离纯化中的应用进展。