内镜鼻窦手术后Rhino凝胶填塞效果的观察

目的 前瞻性比较新型鼻腔填塞材料Rhino凝胶与传统填塞物用于内镜鼻窦手术后填塞的效果.方法 对双侧病变基本对称,手术范围基本相同的24例慢性鼻窦炎患者行内镜鼻窦手术,术后右侧鼻腔以Rhino凝胶填塞(观察组),左侧鼻腔以藻酸钙+油纱条填塞(对照组).术后1日抽取对照侧填充物,观察侧凝胶保留至术后1周第1次内镜复查时清理,鼻腔冲洗、鼻喷糖皮质激素等其他局部处理双侧鼻腔相同.采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)记录两侧鼻腔术后当天(填塞期)、术后第1天(抽取左侧填充物时)、术后第2天(抽取左侧填充物后)患者鼻痛、鼻堵程度,分泌物、渗血、流泪量,以及术后内镜复查术腔恢复情况(干痂、分泌物、反应膜、黏膜水肿、囊泡、窦口阻塞),并对两组上述11项观察项目评分和上皮化时间进行比较.结果 苏醒时因血压过高,凝胶侧鼻腔出血改用纱条填塞1例;外地患者失访2例.余21例完成2～20个月的随访.术后当天、术后第1天鼻痛,术后当天流泪评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z值分别为-3.575、-3.546、-2.736,P值均<0.05);术后第1天渗血评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z=-3.075,P<0.05);术后1周术腔干痂评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z=-2.103,P<0.05);其余各项评分差异无统计学意义;凝胶侧术腔平均上皮化时间为(10.7±2.6)周,对照侧为(10.6±2.9)周,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.146,P=0.886).结论 Rhino凝胶可减轻患者鼻腔填塞期的不适,并可避免专门撤除填充物造成的痛苦和出血,较传统方法有明显的优越性.在促进术腔恢复方面与传统方式相当.     

鼻腔粘连合并鼻中隔偏曲的手术治疗

目的 探索鼻腔粘连合并鼻中隔偏曲的手术治疗方案.方法 鼻腔粘连合并鼻中隔偏曲患者13例.其中11例在施行粘连分解术的同时行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术和Merocel膨胀海绵持续性填塞鼻腔,1例施行单纯粘连分解术,1例联合施行粘连分解和鼻中隔偏曲黏膜下切除术.术后观察比较鼻腔创伤愈合情况及其功能改善效果.结果 第1组病例均获得痊愈;行单纯粘连分解术的1例症状无改善,改用第1组所用治疗方法后获得成功;第3种术式治疗的病例虽然粘连成功分解,但发生了鼻中隔穿孔.结论 对鼻腔粘连合并鼻中隔偏曲的患者,需在分解粘连的同时施行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术,重建鼻中隔,并行Merocel膨胀海绵持续性鼻腔填塞,有利于创伤愈合.     

肝窦内皮细胞与原发性移植肝功能不良

移植肝功能不良(PGF)是临床肝移植肝衰竭的常见原因。PGF的发生大多与缺血及其随后的再灌注损伤相关,肝血窦、特别是肝窦内皮细胞对缺血再灌注损伤比肝细胞更加敏感,内皮细胞引起的的微循环改变可能比肝实质细胞更能促使PGF的发生。本文对肝窦内皮细胞在其中的重要作用及减轻这一损伤的研究进展简要综述。     

Isolated sphenochoanal polyp: A rare clinical entity

Choanal polyps almost always appear as solitary growth and most commonly arise from the maxillary sinus. Isolated polyp originating from the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus or from its interior and extending as choanal polyp in to the nasopharynx are extremely rare clinical entities. Here we report a 34-year-old male presenting with a history of headache, intermittent nasal discharge and nasal obstruction. A diagnosis of sphenochoanal polyp (SCP) was made on nasal endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The SCP was removed endoscopically via a transnasal sphenoidotomy and histopathologically it was confirmed as inflammatory polyp. In this paper we discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of this rare clinical entity.     

An unusual complication of CSOM — Lateral sinus thrombosis with lung abscess: A clinicoradiological study

Aims To present a case report of a child presenting with lateral sinus thrombosis with bilateral multiple lung abscesses as a rare consequence of CSOM with an emphasis on the radiological findings. Material and methods An 11-year-old male child with a history of pyrexia of unknown origin, right-sided torticollis, cough with expectoration and right ear discharge was referred to us from department of paediatric medicine. Chest examination revealed dull areas on percussion and areas with bronchial breath sounds on auscultation bilaterally. Otological examination revealed right attic retraction pocket filled with cholesteatoma, post-auricular tenderness and Greisinger’s sign along with foul smelling muco-purulent discharge. Results Routine blood investigations revealed normocytic normochromic anaemia, polymorpho-nuclear leucocytosis and raised ESR. Audiological investigations showed a right-sided mixed hearing loss. Digital radiography of chest showed multiple thin walled cavities involving all of the lung zones bilaterally. USG (Ultrasonography) of neck showed thrombosis of right internal jugular vein. CT scanning of head, neck and thorax showed soft tissue collection within the right mastoid with erosion of posterior wall & presence of gas bubble in the right sigmoid sinus and thrombosis of right internal jugular vein and multiple abscess cavities occupying both lung parenchyma. The patient was initially managed with conservative antibiotic therapy for lung abscess followed by radical mastoidectomy and thromboembolectomy from the lateral sinus. Conclusion Otogenic lung abscess though rare in this present postantibiotic era, it can occur in underprivileged and poor population like our country.     

Computed tomography in carcinoma of the larynx and piriform sinus

The conventional methods of examination do not furnish a complete picture of deep extension of carcinoma of the larynx and piriform sinus. Often the only sign of deep invasion is vocal cord fixation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether further information in this respect might be provided by computed tomography. The results of examinations by this technique were assessed on the basis of the findings in whole-organ serial sections in the transverse plane in 8 patients with laryngeal and 2 with piriform sinus carcinoma. In 2 further patients not undergoing operation, the findings yielded by CT were compared to the laryngoscopic assessment and the findings at a clinical follow-up after a full course of radiotherapy. CT adds valuable information on the deep invasion of the tumour, especially spread lateral to the arytenoid cartilage, to the laryngeal framework and outside the larynx.     

The lateralization percentage as a measure of nasal flow asymmetry in active anterior rhinomanometry

The lateralization percentage as a measure of nasal flow asymmetry in active anterior rhinomanometry A new parameter is introduced in active anterior rhinomanometry: the lateralization percentage, calculated as (right flow-left flow)/(right flow+ left (low)x 100%. The flow-was measured at 15 mm H₂O pressure difference after induced shrinkage of the nasal mucosa. Two groups of subjects were studied. One group consisting of 28 male and 40 female volunteers was used to establish normal values in both sexes for flow, absolute flow difference and lateralization percentage. The second group consisting of 20 men who were to undergo submucous septal reconstruction for nasal obstruction was used to test the detection of abnormal cases when applying the normal values derived from the control group. It appeared that the absolute flow difference is a less effective measure than either the total flow or the lateralization percentage. Optimum detection (75–85% of the abnormal cases) was achieved by applying a criterion combining total flow and lateralization percentage.     

鼻内镜下后鼻孔息肉的治疗

目的探讨后鼻孔息肉的起源、临床特点、鼻内镜下的治疗及疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年6月-2006年6月在本院经鼻内镜手术治疗的后鼻孔息肉病例22例,并对后鼻孔息肉的临床特点、检查方法、鼻内镜手术方法、疗效等相关因素进行分析、讨论。结果双侧后鼻孔息肉中起源于上颌窦有19例,起源于蝶窦有1例,起源于中鼻甲的有2例。22例均经鼻内镜手术,术中均未出现严重并发症,术后随访3个月-1年,都无复发。结论后鼻孔息肉多源于上颌窦,也可源发于蝶窦、中鼻甲等部位。鼻内镜手术为治疗后鼻孔息肉的首选治疗方法。     

Acute Effects of Different Atrial Pacing Sites in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison of Single Site and Biatrial Pacing

It has been reported that a trial single site or biatrial pacing can suppress the occurrence of AF. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The study population included 32 patients with AF (n = 20: AF group), or without paroxysmal AF (n = 12: control group). The mechanism and efficacy of atrial pacing were investigated by electrophysiological studies to determine which was more effective for suppressing AF induction; single site pacing of the right atrial appendage (RAA) or distal coronary sinus (CS-d), or biatrial (simultaneous BAA and CS-d) pacing. In the AF group, AF inducibility was significantly higher with BAA extrastimulus during RAA (12/20; P < 0.0001) or biatrial paced drive (7/20; P < 0.01) than during CS-d paced drive (0/20). In the control group, AF was not induced at any site paced. In the AF group, the conduction delay and other parameters of atrial vulnerability significantly improved during CS-d paced drive. The atrial recovery time (ART) at RAA and CS-d was measured during each basic pacing mode. ART was defined as the sum of the activation time and refractory period, and the difference between ARTs at RAA and CS-d was calculated as the ART difference (ARTD). The ARTD was significantly longer during BAA pacing in the AF group than in control group (155.0 +/- 32.8 vs 128.8 +/- 32.9 ms, P < 0.05). In the AFgroup, ARTDs during biatrial (52.0 +/- 24.2 ms) and CS-d pacing (51.7 +/- 26.0 ms) were significantly shorter than ARTD during RAA pacing. The CS-d paced drive was more effective for suppressing AF induction than biatrial or RAA paced drive by alleviating conduction delay. CS-d and biatrial pacing significantly reduced ARTD compared with RAA pacing.     

孕产妇脑静脉窦及静脉血栓形成的早期诊断及误诊分析

脑静脉窦及静脉血栓形成(cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis,CVST)是缺血性脑血管病的特殊类型,好发于妊娠期和产褥期的孕产妇。发病率低,起病隐匿,临床表现错综复杂,易于误诊、漏诊,死亡率、致残率高,但早期诊断和干预则预后良好。本文重点就孕产妇CVST的早期诊断及误诊相关研究做一综述,以促进临床医师及早识别危险预警,避免误诊,早期诊断,及时干预。