Quantitative cell and matrix changes in human humeral head osteoarthritic cartilage

A new quantitative method was devised both to establish an objective standard for morphometric diagnosis and to determine the extent of degeneration in osteoarthritic cartilage. Eight normal and forty-eight osteoarthritic humeral heads, subsequently confirmed by light microscopy, were obtained at necropsy. The articular cartilage was observed in situ with a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and morphometric measurements determined cell density (cells/mm), cell volume fraction (%) and mean cell volume (microm3). The osteoarthritic cartilages were classified according to the following four characteristics: increase in thickness, increase in cell volume fraction, decrease in cell volume fraction, and fibrous pannus. Deviations in cell density and cell volume fraction from normal means were calculated as extent of degeneration. Our present approach aims to provide valuable clues, such as objective stereological information and a unique reference for biochemical and traditional morphological analyses, that clinicians will be able to use in combination with other methods in order to establish a reliable diagnosis.     

The Effects of Permeation Enhancers on the Surface Morphology of the Rat Nasal Mucosa: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

A rat model has been developed to compare relative morphological changes in the nasal mucosa after exposure to potential membrane permeation enhancers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize gross structural and specific cellular changes following exposure. Micrographs of the rat nasal mucosa were scored in four categories: (1) mucosal surface integrity, (2) ciliary morphology, (3) mucus/extracellular debris, and (4) presence of red blood cells. The order of increasing morphological damage resulting from a 5-min exposure to each surfactant was 0.5% Solulan C-24 0.5% Solulan C-24/0.5% sodium tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate (STDHF) < 0.5% STDHF < 1.0% STDHF 1.0% Laureth-9 < 1.0% sodium taurodeoxycholate 1.0% sodium deoxycholate. The changes observed in the mucosal morphology after exposure to the various surfactants are in general agreement with data in the literature. This model is able to compare rapidly the relative morphological effects on the mucosal membrane of different nasal formulations.     

表皮生长因子对人子宫颈癌细胞形态及噻唑蓝还原的影响

表皮生长因子(EGF)10μg/L作用于人子宫颈癌(Hela)细胞,24h、48h未见细胞数量改变,第5d时可观察到细胞由原来的呈椭圆形克隆样生长变为有树突样胞质突出的长梭状较均匀地分布生长:EGF作用下,Hela细胞噻唑蓝还原呈剂量依赖性增加.提示EGF不能促进Hela细胞增殖,但可引起细胞形态改变及线粒体脱氢酶活性增高,这可能与EGF促分化作用有关.     

多孔结构聚合物乳胶粒

介绍了多孔结构乳胶粒的制备方法、表征手段以及成孔机理。着重阐述了“碱酸分段处理法”中不饱和酸与交联剂的种类与用量、以及碱酸处理条件等因素对乳胶粒成孔的影响。     

苦参碱对人肝癌细胞HepG2的细胞形态影响和相关增殖因素的变化

观察夺参碱作用于ＨｅｐＧ２细胞后,光镜和电镜下细胞形态结构改变以及ＡＦＰ、ＰＣＮＡ和分裂指数的变化。方法倒置显微镜下观察活细胞形态;光镜下观察Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ和苏丹Ⅲ染色的细胞形态和分裂指数;扫描和透射电镜观察细胞表面和内部超微结构改变;免疫组化和图像分析,检测ＡＦＰ和ＰＣＮＡ。结果未用药细胞具有肿瘤细胞典型的形态特征,细胞的分裂指数为５３．８％,胞浆内未见秀明颗粒和空泡,苏丹Ⅲ染色为阴性。;免疫组化     

The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: the cellular substrate for conduction in the accessory atrioventricular pathway

The longstanding quest for the anatomical basis of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has left many unanswered questions. The ultrastructuralmorphology of the myocytes comprising accessory atrioventricularpathways, which are capable of rapid and variable conduction,is central to understanding the development and behaviour ofthis congenital anomaly, but remains unknown. Examination ofthree surgically resected pathways was performed to determinetheir underlying cellular morphology and the pattern of intercellularcoupling, by correlative light microscopy, electron microscopyand confocal scanning laser microscopy combined with immunohistochemicallocalization of the cardiac gap-junctional protein, connexin43. Two left-sided pathways were composed of myocardium of ‘normalworking ventricular’ type. The right-sided pathway wascomposed almost entirely of highly abnormal myocytes characterizedby aberrant myofibril organisation, with a lack of A-band materialand abnormal mitochondria, but normal intact intercalated disksno different from those seen in left-sided pathways. The gapjunctions of all pathways were composed of connexin43 distributedas in ventricular myocardium, and not as found in atrial oratrioventricular nodal tissues. While myocytes of abnormal structure were present in one ofthe accessory atrioventricular pathways examined, all pathwayshad morphologically normal gap junctions, the structures responsiblefor efficient intercellular coupling, with a pattern of distributionsuggestive of working ventricular myocardium.     

止消通脉宁对糖尿病大鼠肾小球形态改变的影响及定量分析

采用链脲佐菌素（ＳＴＺ）腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型,观察中药复方止消通脉宁对其肾小球形态学的影响。结果表明：与正常对照组相比,各组糖尿病大鼠肾小球毛细血管基底膜厚度（ＧＢＭＷ）、系膜区平均面积［Ａ（Ｍ）］、肾小球平均截面积［Ａ（Ｇ）］、肾小球直径［Ｄ（Ｇ）］和肾小球体积［Ｖ（Ｇ）］均显著增加,其中模型组最为明显,西药组次之,中药组最轻。控制肾脏肥大、减轻ＧＢＭ增厚以及抑制系膜增生,是止消通脉宁治疗糖尿病肾病的主要作用机制。     

肺内支气管动脉与肺动脉吻合的形态学研究

目的 为肺部疾病的诊治提供形态学基础,方法 选用４０例肺血管灌注标本和８例肺腐蚀铸型标本进行观测。结果 支气管动脉与肺动脉间存在大于毛细血管的吻合,在４０例成人肺标本中,其中８例发现吻合１０处。这些吻合支位于支气管壁,肺动脉壁和肺胸膜内,吻合方式有端－侧和端－端两种,吻合支长度为４．２～３２．７ｍｍ外径为７４～７９９μｍ。结论 支气管动脉与肺动脉的吻合具有重要的临床意义。     

Patterns of the coronary artery irrigation in the left ventricle

Summary Nowadays, the classifications of coronary arterial preponderance (Schlesinger, Baroldi, Gensini) do not provide the necessary information for a good systematization of coronary arterial irrigation. Based on segmental analysis (Selvester's method) an alternative classification of the arterial distribution of the left ventricle is presented. One thousand eighty ventricle segments corresponding to 90 human hearts (age range from 4 days to 94 years) are studied, using microdissection techniques. In order to obtain segmental arterial patterns, a cluster analysis was used. The alternative classification is based on the predominance of the segments irrigated by: the anterior interventricular artery (Type I; 31% of cases), the circumflex artery (Type II; 37% of cases), or a balance between both arteries (Type III; 32% of cases). Each group can be divided into two subgroups (A and B), according to the existence or not of a balance between the territories of anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries. This classification allows as a more realistic approach to the subject of arterial dominance, given that the left ventricle always presents a predominant irrigation from the anterior interventricular, the circumflex or both arteries.

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Essai de classification de l'irrigation artérielle coronaire du ventricule gauche

Résumé La classification en dominance artérielle coronaire, actuellement utilisée (Schlesinger, Baroldi, Gensini) ne donne pas toutes les informations nécessaires à une bonne systématisation de la distribution des artères coronaires. Nous présentons ici une classification alternative, basée sur la segmentation des parois du ventricule gauche à la manière de Selvester. 1080 segments ventriculaires gauches de 90 coeurs humains prélevés sur des sujets de 4 jours à 94 ans ont été analysés en utilisant les techniques de microdissection. La présente classification est basée sur — la prédominance de segments irrigués par l'artère interventriculaire antérieure (IVA) : type I, par l'artère circonflexe (CX) : type II, — ou sur l'existence d'un équilibre entre ces deux artères : type III. Le pourcentage de distribution de ces groupes est le suivant : type I : 31 % ; type II : 37 % ; type III : 32 %. Chacun de ces groupes peut-être divisé en deux sous-groupes A et B selon — la prédominance du nombre de segments irrigués exclusivement ou en partage par l'IVA, — ou l'existence d'un équilibre entre l'IVA et la CX. Cette classification permet une approche plus réaliste du problème de dominance artérielle, étant donné que le ventricule gauche est toujours irrigué en prédominance par l'IVA, par la CX ou à la fois par les deux.