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21.
Julia H. Vermylen Gordon J. Wood Elaine R. Cohen Jeffrey H. Barsuk William C. McGaghie Diane B. Wayne 《Journal of pain and symptom management》2019,57(3):682-687
Introduction
Physician communication impacts patient outcomes. However, communication skills, especially around difficult conversations, remain suboptimal, and there is no clear way to determine the validity of entrustment decisions. The aims of this study were to 1) describe the development of a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum for breaking bad news (BBN) conversation skills and 2) set a defensible minimum passing standard (MPS) to ensure uniform skill acquisition among learners.Innovation
An SBML BBN curriculum was developed for fourth-year medical students. An assessment tool was created to evaluate the acquisition of skills involved in a BBN conversation. Pilot testing was completed to confirm improvement in skill acquisition and set the MPS.Outcomes
A BBN assessment tool containing a 15-item checklist and six scaled items was developed. Students' checklist performance improved significantly at post-test compared to baseline (mean 65.33%, SD = 12.09% vs mean 88.67%, SD = 9.45%, P < 0.001). Students were also significantly more likely to have at least a score of 4 (on a five-point scale) for the six scaled questions at post-test. The MPS was set at 80%, requiring a score of 12 items on the checklist and at least 4 of 5 for each scaled item. Using the MPS, 30% of students would require additional training after post-testing.Comments
We developed a SBML curriculum with a comprehensive assessment of BBN skills and a defensible competency standard. Future efforts will expand the mastery model to larger cohorts and assess the impact of rigorous education on patient care outcomes. 相似文献22.
Evaluation of training nurses to perform semi‐automated three‐dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction using a customised workstation‐based training protocol 下载免费PDF全文
23.
目的探讨8周基础军训(basic military training,BMT)对入伍新兵血像中红细胞及其相关指标的影响,为指导科学的军事训练提供参考。方法数据来自新疆边防部队2015年度入伍的50名男性新兵,分别在BMT前后测定并记录受试新兵的红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度及血清铁蛋白等。结果经过8周的BMT,新兵血液中血红蛋白浓度、红细胞计数及血清铁蛋白均显著下降(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 8周BMT可能导致入伍新兵发生运动性贫血,铁缺乏可能是其主要原因。 相似文献
24.
《The Journal of emergency medicine》2020,58(3):473-480
BackgroundEmergency Medicine/Critical Care Medicine (EM/CCM) trainees may obtain board certification through Internal Medicine (American Board of Internal Medicine [ABIM]), Surgery (American Board of Surgery [ABS]), and Anesthesiology (American Board of Anesthesiology [ABA]). However, EM/CCM trainees experience challenges, including: 1) additional training requirements and 2) an unwillingness to accept EM graduates by many programs.ObjectivesWe sought to: 1) compare EM/CCM knowledge acquisition to medicine (Internal Medicine [IM]/CCM), surgery (surgical critical care [SCC]), and anesthesiology (anesthesiology critical care medicine [ACCM]) Fellows at the local and national level using the Multidisciplinary Critical Care Knowledge Assessment Program (MCCKAP) in-service examination as an objective measure; and 2) compare American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) pass rates for EM/CCM.MethodsSingle-center retrospective analysis comparing scores obtained by EM/CCM on the MCCKAP examination with SCC and ACCM over a 10-year period. Scores are presented as means with standard deviations. We performed similar analysis on ABMS examination pass rates.ResultsThere were 117 MCCKAP scores (37 EM/CCM; 80 SCC and ACCM) evaluated. EM/CCM mean score 562.4 (SD 67.4); SCC and ACCM mean score 505.3, (SD 87.5) at the institutional level (p < 0.001). Similarly, EM/CCM scored higher than the national mean (562.4, SD 67.4 vs. 500 SD 100, p < 0.001). Nationally, ABIM-CCM board certification rate was 91.2% for 137 EM/CCM, compared with 93.2% for IM/CCM (p = 0.22); 28 EM/CCM have obtained ABA-CCM board certification with rates similar to ACCM (90.4 vs. 89.3%; p = 0.85).ConclusionsEM/CCM Fellows demonstrate successful knowledge acquisition both locally and at a national level. EM/CCM achieve ABMS pass rates similar to other CCM trainees. The current arbitrary additional training requirements placed on EM/CCM should be removed. 相似文献
25.
目的研究快速成型(RP)技术辅助下制作的个体化假体复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石(CHA)、重组人骨形成蛋白2(rhBMP-2)修复兔下颌骨缺损的成骨效果。
方法以27只新西兰大白兔为实验对象,随机数字表法平均分成3组(每组9只),全部建立下颌骨连续性缺损模型,并在兔下颌骨缺损区分别植入个体化假体+自体骨(A组)、个体化假体+CHA(B组)、个体化假体+CHA+rhBMP-2(C组)。分别于术后4、12、24周3个时间点处死动物取材,进行大体标本观察,以及骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型胶原(COL-1)的免疫组化观察,分别比较各组修复骨缺损的能力,并对实验数据进行重复测量设计资料的单因素方差分析。
结果术后24周各组实验兔外形均对称,通过OC及COL-1的吸光度检测,骨缺损区均有大量新骨形成,A组(0.537 ± 0.010)、C组(0.530 ± 0.010)可见大量骨小梁及编织骨结构,缺损区的新骨OC、COL-1的免疫组化观察基本一致,差异无统计学意义(t = 0.007,P>0.05);但A组强于B组(0.415 ± 0.009,t = 0.122,P<0.001);C组也强于B组(t = 0.121,P<0.001),差异均有统计学意义。
结论在兔下颌骨缺损修复中,通过RP技术和组织工程技术相结合,CHA复合rhBMP-2后成骨能力明显增强,成骨效能肯定,为后期的临床应用提供可靠的实验基础。 相似文献
26.
High-pressure injection injuries (HPII) caused by water swelling sealant are rare at present. The patient generally has small-sized skin lesions, and the misleadingly benign presentation may cause delayed treatment at the early stage of management. In addition, radiographic examination may be underestimated. Subsequently, the inadequate surgical intervention may cause tissue necrosis and poor prognosis. Furthermore, the early recognition of water swelling sealant injected into tissue and emergent surgical intervention are the key to successful management for the patient with HPII caused by injecting water swelling sealant to tissue. 相似文献
27.
Joseph M. Northey Kate L. Pumpa Clare Quinlan Ashley Ikin Kellie Toohey Disa J. Smee Ben Rattray 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):580-585
Objectives
The current study investigated the effects of two exercise interventions on cognitive function amongst breast cancer survivors.Design
Pilot randomised-controlled trial.Methods
Seventeen female cancer survivors (mean: 62.9 ± 7.8 years) were randomised into three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 6); moderate-intensity continuous training (MOD, n = 5); or wait-list control (CON, n = 6). The HIIT and MOD groups exercised on a cycle ergometer 3 days/week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes were cognitive function assessments utilising CogState. Secondary outcomes were resting middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, cerebrovascular reactivity and aerobic fitness (VO2peak). Data were analysed with General Linear Mixed Models and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated.Results
All 17 participants who were randomised were available for follow-up analysis and adherence was similar for HIIT and MOD (78.7 ± 13.2% vs 79.4 ± 12.0%; p = 0.93). Although there were no significant differences in the cognitive and cerebrovascular outcomes, HIIT produced moderate to large positive effects in comparison to MOD and CON for outcomes including episodic memory, working memory, executive function, cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity. HIIT significantly increased VO2peak by 19.3% (d = 1.28) and MOD had a non-significant 5.6% (d = 0.72) increase, compared to CON which had a 2.6% decrease.Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence that HIIT may be an effective exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance, cerebrovascular function and aerobic fitness in breast cancer survivors. Considering the sample size is small, these results should be confirmed through larger clinical trials. 相似文献28.
背景 抑郁症的康复技能训练是一种很好的辅助治疗方法,本课题通过引进成熟的抑郁症康复技术,使基层医务人员熟练掌握,为辖区内广大抑郁症患者开展康复训练,以期提高抑郁症患者的疗效,降低自杀风险。目的 探讨抑郁症康复技能训练程式在基层医院推广应用的价值。方法 选取门头沟区龙泉医院2018年1-9月门诊就诊的65例抑郁症患者为研究对象。入选患者全部接受康复训练,分别于训练前和训练结束3个月后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、服药依从性、自杀风险评估量表(nurses' global assessment of suicide risk,NGASR)和自杀风险问卷对患者进行评估。结果 共61例患者完成研究,与训练前比较,训练结束3个月后患者HAMD、SDSS评分明显降低,服药依从性除自行停药外均明显提高,自杀风险明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 抑郁症康复训练程式能有效提高患者服药依从性,改善抑郁症状,减少自杀观念,在基层医院有推广价值。 相似文献
29.
《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2022,16(10):102614
AimsTo test the Diabetes College Brazil Study feasibility, the acceptability of study interventions and their preliminary effectiveness, and describe the study protocol modifications due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSingle-center, double-blinded pilot randomized trial with two parallel groups, Exercise and Lifestyle Education (ExLE; 12-week exercise and educational interventions) and Exercise (Ex; 12-week exercise intervention only) involving patients with prediabetes or diabetes. Feasibility (eligibility, recruitment, retention, completeness of variables measures and participation rates), acceptability (satisfaction), and preliminary effectiveness of interventions (variables: functional capacity, physical activity (PA), exercise self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, health literacy, adherence to Mediterranean food pattern, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometric measures, cardiac autonomic control, depression, and quality of life (QofL)).ResultsEligibility, recruitment, retention, participation in exercise sessions, and education classes rates were 17%, 93%,82%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. Missing data in the post-intervention assessment (PA, HbA1c, cardiac autonomic control, anthropometric measures, depression, and QofL) were mainly related to research procedure modifications. The interventions were highly acceptable, and most variables improved farther in the ExLE, with moderate effect sizes for PA, diabetes knowledge, health literacy, cardiac autonomic control, and QofL.ConclusionsThe Diabetes College Brazil Study is feasible, and the ExLE may benefit Brazilians living with prediabetes and diabetes. 相似文献
30.