Spirometry as an objective tool for nasal patency

Spirometry can be used as an objective tool for measuring nasal patency. it is sensitive, easy to perform, comfortable to patient The only limitation being that it only can be done in institution.     

Clinical History, Skin Prick Test and RAST in the Diagnosis of Birch and Timothy Pollinosis

The diagnostic efficacy of clinical history (CH), skin prick test (SPT) and RAST was estimated in relation to nasal and conjunctival provocation tests (NPT, CPT) in 69 patients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. The extracts used were freeze-dried, and biologically standardized birch and timothy allergen preparations matched to the extracts on Phadebas RAST discs. Based on single determinations the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated. There were highly significant (P less than 0.001) correlations between all parameters: NPT, CPT, CH, SPT and RAST. For birch the combination of SPT and RAST made the PTs superfluous as both sensitivity and specificity then reached 100%. With timothy the sensitivity was 97% and with the addition of CH 100%. However, the specificity was only 79% through combining CH, SPT and RAST. The present study using the same standardized allergen preparation in all tests showed a good correlation between indirect test results and provocation tests.     

鼻内镜下等离子低温射频治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的临床观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下等离子低温射频治疗常年性变应性鼻炎(PAR)的疗效及其优越性。方法在鼻内镜下用等离子低温射频治疗PAR48例,按照海口会议修订的“过敏性鼻炎诊断和疗效评定标准”,用计分法分别评定其疗效。结果该组48例术后随访半年进行评价,其中显效27.1%(13/48),有效58.3%(28/48),无效14.6%(7/48),总有效率为85.4%。疗效评分显示治疗前平均总分为(9.58±1.69)分,治疗后为(5.63±1.15)分(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜下等离子低温射频烧灼筛前神经终末区域治疗PAR,具有简便、安全等优点,短期效果显著,特别适用于临床上应用抗组胺类药物及鼻内应用糖皮质激素治疗效果不甚理想及由于各种原因不能长期接受抗组胺类药物及鼻内应用糖皮质激素治疗的患者;但长期疗效有待进一步研究。     

施地瑞玛生理性海水鼻腔喷雾器治疗小儿干燥性鼻炎的临床观察

目的:探讨施地瑞玛生理性海水鼻腔喷雾器治疗小儿干燥性鼻炎的疗效。方法:将58例患儿随机分成2组,2组均不使用其他药物。治疗组给予施地瑞玛生理性海水鼻腔喷雾器喷鼻;对照组给予生理性盐水滴鼻液滴鼻,观察2组治疗前后症状、体征及有效率。结果:根据2组的主要症状、体征及疗效,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:生理性海水鼻腔喷雾器治疗小儿干燥性鼻炎,可以缩短病程,改善鼻腔功能,疗效确切,且使用安全、舒适、方便,可以作为治疗小儿干燥性鼻炎的理想药物。     

Topical treatment with aqueous solutions of rofleponide palmitate and budesonide in a pollen-season model of allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND: Rofleponide palmitate is an esterified glucocorticosteroid pro-drug with a promising pre-clinical profile designed to deliver topical airway treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma in a novel manner. Thus, the rofleponide palmitate pro-drug is designed to provide topical exposure of the mucosa to the inactive lipophilic drug, which would be locally metabolized to the more hydrophilic and readily cleared drug rofleponide. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether rofleponide palmitate affects nasal symptoms and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) in a pollen-season model of allergic rhinitis and to compare any such effects with those of another glucocorticosteroid (i.e., budesonide). METHODS: During the pollen-free season, 40 patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis received topical nasal spray treatment with an aqueous solution of rofleponide palmitate 400 microg and an aqueous solution of budesonide 128 microg once daily for 10 days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study. After 3 days of drug treatment, individualized allergen challenges were given once daily for 7 days while the treatment continued. The washout periods between each of the challenge series were 2 weeks. Nasal symptoms and PIF were recorded in the morning and evening, as well as 10 and 20 min after each allergen challenge. The mean recordings obtained during the last 3 days of the allergen-challenge series, when symptoms were established and when the treatment had lasted for 8-10 days, were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Both active treatments reduced nasal symptoms and improved nasal PIF compared with placebo (P<0.01-0.001). There was no overall difference in efficacy between rofleponide palmitate 400 microg and budesonide 128 microg. CONCLUSIONS: Topical treatment with aqueous solutions of rofleponide palmitate attenuates nasal symptoms and improves nasal PIF in allergic rhinitis. The overall efficacy of 400 microg of rofleponide palmitate is similar to that of 128 microg of budesonide in the pollen-season model used in this study.     

An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of phenothiazines in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry using backflush column switching

An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of five phenothiazine drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry (SSI-MS) has been established, using backflush column switching. A 400-μl portion of serum sample diluted 81-fold with distilled water was subjected to the on-line system. In the system, an Oasis HLB cartridge was used as the precolumn for extraction; large molecules such as proteins in serum were discarded by use of distilled water containing 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase. After switching a valve, the analytes trapped in the precolumn were eluted in the backflush mode and separated by a Chromolith Performance RP-18e column, which is composed of C₁₈-bonded monolithic silica. The column effluents were then introduced into the SSI-MS. The present method provided successful separation and determination of six phenothiazines including an internal standard. Satisfactory linearities, reproducibility, and sensitivity were obtained at concentration levels that matched the toxic levels of phenothiazines. All drug peaks appeared within 18 min, and the system could be reequilibrated in only about 8 min for the next run. Because of the simplicity and rapidness of the method, it is likely to be useful in the fields of emergency medicine and forensic toxicology.     

极低出生体重儿两种喂养效果观察

目的:探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBW)的早期微量持续鼻饲喂养(CNG)与间断鼻饲喂养(ING)的喂养耐受性及喂养效果.方法:将60例VLBW进行随机分组,CNG组起始奶量1-2ml/h,以后泵速增加1-2ml/h.ING组奶量以1-2ml/kg开始, 以后每天增加1-2ml/kg/次.所有VLBW均同时进行部分静脉营养,直至达到完全胃肠道喂养时间(FEF).对比两组喂养不耐受性、达到FEF、停止静脉补液时间及黄疸持续时间.结果:CNG组较ING组患儿发生腹胀、呕吐者明显减少(P＜0.05),黄疸持续时间、吸吮动作出现时间及住院时间较对照组明显缩短(P＜0.05),但两组体重增长情况统计学无差异(P＞0.05).结论:CNG更适合VLBW的早期微量喂养.     

中鼻道及其周围结构的解剖学观测

目的　探讨临床上经上颌窦口进入上颌窦诊疗的途径。方法　在 40例成人尸体颅矢状切面上 ,对中鼻道、半月裂孔、上颌窦口及其周围结构进行解剖学观测及上颌窦口的探针插入试验。结果　中鼻道、半月裂孔的长度分别为5 6.3 6± 2 .5 8mm、2 1.46± 1.79mm ;40例中 ,2 8侧 (70 .0 0 % )的上颌窦口位于半月裂孔的中 1/3部 ;12侧 (3 0 .0 0 % )的上颌窦口位于半月裂孔的后 1/3部。上颌窦口的形态不一。上颌窦口的前后径为 3 .14± 0 .47mm。上颌窦口距鼻腔底部、鼻小柱的距离分别为 3 0 .41± 2 .85mm、49.5 2± 2 .3 7mm。鼻小柱到上颌窦口与到鼻腔基底面连线的夹角为 40 .2± 3 .7°。 3 7侧 (92 .5 0 % )的上颌窦口能用直径≤ 2 .5mm的探针穿过。结论　经上颌窦自然开口行上颌窦口穿刺是安全、简便和有效的一种诊治方法。     

复方环丙氟哌酸鼻腔膜的研制及临床疗效观察

本文以明胶海绵为衬底,用环丙氟哌酸和氢化考的松、云南白药酊、达克罗宁制备的鼻腔消炎止血药膜,制备简便,质量稳定。临床观察结果证明,具有给药方便、疗效高、疗程短、药物作用持久,无毒副作用等优点。