1996-2000年某医院五种恶性肿瘤例均住院费用分析

恶性肿瘤是给群众带来严重健康损害的经济负担的疾病之一,已经列居我国城市 疾病死亡原因的第一位。本研究利用医院为基础的五种恶性肿瘤住院患者的费用数据,分析1996-2000年五种恶性肿瘤患者例均住院费用的变化趋势,比较自费患者和公费患者之间的例均费用差异。根据恶性肿瘤费用水平高、增长幅度快,且公费患者费用明显高于自费患者的情况,提出在医疗保障制度改革的社会环境下,医院必须加强病种费用管理,主动控制医疗费用水平。     

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the intensive therapy unit

A case of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurred in a 40-year-old male after administration of chlorpromazine while on an Intensive Therapy Unit. Treatment with dantrolene sodium was successful, and a muscle biopsy was examined in the recovery phase of the illness. The importance of this condition and the difficulties in establishing a diagnosis at an early stage in patients on an Intensive Therapy Unit are discussed, along with implications for treatment.     

Cardiac arrest after isoflurane anaesthesia in a patient with Duchenne''s muscular dystrophy

An 8-year-old boy known to have Duchenne's muscular dystrophy suffered a cardiac arrest 10 minutes after he regained consciousness after isoflurane anaesthesia for an orchidopexy procedure. Resuscitation was successful 2 hours after the start of external cardiac compression and after correction of hyperkalaemia and the administration of dantrolene. He later developed myoglobinuria elevated creatine kinase and a metabolic and respiratory acidosis. He demonstrated a delayed increase in rectal temperature.     

Development of an animal model for neuroleptic malignant syndrome: heat-exposed rabbits with haloperidol and atropine administration exhibit increased muscle activity, hyperthermia, and high serum creatine phosphokinase level

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening complication of neuroleptic treatment. To elucidate the pathogenesis of NMS, an animal model has been developed. Experimental rabbits treated with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) by intramuscular injection, were studied for the diagnostic symptoms of increased muscle rigidity, elevated body temperature, and high serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level. Administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg) and atropine (0.4 mg/kg), and exposure to high ambient temperature (35°C) induced a significant increase in electromyographic activity with muscle rigidity similar to that observed in patients with NMS. Such rabbits also showed elevated body temperature and serum CPK value. In addition to the similarity of the signs and symptoms, all parameters measured (muscle rigidity, body temperature, and serum CPK level) were normalized by dantrolene treatment. The effectiveness of dantrolene in the experimental animal partially confirms the validity of this animal model for NMS. This experimental animal model for NMS may be useful to elucidate the pathogenesis of NMS.     

Surgical management of insulinoma: Diagnosis of tumor location and high incidence of malignancy

The findings in twenty-two patients with insulinoma were reviewed, as continuous efforts should be made to establish preoperative localization of the tumor. Superselective arteriography and percutaneous, transhepatic portal vein and pancreatic venous catheterization are highly recommended approaches. At the time of surgical intervention, a cautious exploration of the pancreas after thorough mobilization is most important. Recent use of intraoperative ultrasonography increases the likelihood of finding these occult tumors which locate deeply in the head of the pancreas. Apart from the diagnostic problems, we wish to emphasize the high incidence of malignancy (7/22, 31.8 per cent) in our series. Althout patients with malignant isulinoma had a much better prognosis compared to those with a pancreatic ductal malignancy, pancreatic resection with regional lymphnode dissection seems to be a rational procedure. Enucleation can be done when intraoperative findings of the tumor and regional lymphonode indicate no malignant features and no multiple lesions. However, at the first operation, enucleation is still a procedure of choice, even for the malignant insulinoma in the head with a well-defined capsule and no metastatic lesions, the objective being to avoid a duodenopancreatectomy or total pancreatectomy. These data were reported at the 30th Congress of Société Internationale de Chirurgie, Hamburg, Germany, 1983     

Depressed host immunity in a case of metachronous primary uterine papillary serous carcinoma and non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma

Metachronous primary malignant tumors of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are rare. UPSC is a clinically aggressive and morphologically distinctive variant of endometrial carcinoma. We describe the clinical features of a 63-year-old patient with UPSC that was found 2 years after chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma of neck, stage IV and 5 months after radiation therapy for recurrence. This patient had undergone staging surgery and postoperative radiation for UPSC. One month after completion of radiotherapy, the patient expired due to persistence of the disease. The association between host immunity and UPSC is rarely described in the literature. Immunological profiles of this patient, with compositional changes of natural killer, B, and T cell, dramatically altered the percentage of CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell, and CD4/CD8 ratio, signifying depressed host immunity. Immunological profile of this patient stressed the issue of depressed host immunity and associated malignancies.     

Primary malignant mesodermal ovarian sarcomas

Primary malignant mesodermal ovarian sarcomas are rare tumors and have a poor prognosis. The disease is usually diagnosed at a late stage and 5-year survivals are uncommon. Most patients are treated with debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. We report ten patients treated at a single institution. All patients underwent surgery and 90% received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median survival was 20 months, and only one patient survived beyond 5 years. Newer treatment strategies are urgently needed in the management of this disease.     

老年性骨质疏松脊柱良性骨折与转移瘤性骨折的MRI鉴别

目的探讨脊椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的MRI表现及其与转移性压缩骨折的鉴别诊断.资料与方法回顾性分析53例老年性骨质疏松伴压缩性骨折和20例转移性椎体压缩骨折患者的MRI资料.全部病例均行常规MRI检查(矢状位、横轴位).分析两者引起的压缩骨折MRI征象,包括椎体和椎弓根的形态及信号改变、椎间盘增厚、椎体内真空现象和椎旁软组织形态.探讨两者之间的差别.结果两者在椎体和椎弓根形态及信号、椎体内真空现象、椎旁软组织形态上存在非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 MRI能准确显示骨质疏松性压缩骨折的形态及信号,与转移瘤之间有显著差异,大多能对二者做出鉴别诊断.     

208例卵巢上皮性恶性肿瘤雌激素及孕激素受体分析

用葡聚糖－活性炭单点饱和分析法测定２０８例卵巢上皮性恶性肿瘤组织雌激素及孕激素受体（ＥＲ，ＰＲ），结果显示，ＥＲ和ＰＲ均量在内膜样癌明显高于浆液性、粘液性及透明细胞癌；ＥＲ和ＰＲ阳性率在内膜样癌及浆液性癌高于粘液性及透明细胞癌；ＥＲ和ＰＲ含量与卵巢恶性肿瘤组织分化程度、月经状况有关，而与临床期别无明显关联。某些卵巢恶性肿瘤ＥＲ和ＰＲ含量较高，尤以ＰＲ升高明显。提示有内分泌治疗的可能，卵巢恶性肿瘤病人ＥＲ和ＰＲ同时阳性，其生存时间较长。     

脾原发性淋巴瘤超微结构观察与流式细胞分析

目的 探讨诊断电镜（DEM）对脾原发性淋巴瘤的病理分型的超微结构特征。流式细胞术（FCM）测定瘤细胞DNA倍性与恶性程度的关系。方法 应用透射电镜和流式细胞术观察分析41例脾原发性淋巴瘤的超微结构和瘤细胞DNA倍性。结果41例脾原发性淋巴瘤中霍奇金淋巴瘤5例,电镜下R-S细胞呈双叶不规则核和对称致密大核仁,核内常染色质明显,胞质内见中等量线粒体,较长的粗面内质网。非霍奇金B细胞性淋巴瘤21例,裂细胞性5例,细胞核大,核伴有较深的裂沟,胞浆少,胞质见少数肿胀线粒体,无核裂细胞性7例,细胞核规则,呈圆或卵圆型,异染色质多呈条块状,核仁中等大,胞质少,见少量线粒体及长粗面内质网。混合细胞性,瘤细胞大小悬殊,大畸形核较多,核扭曲,不规则深沟及不对称分叶,形成多叶核。非霍奇金T免疫母细胞淋巴瘤11例,瘤细胞较大,核小胞质相对多,胞质透明,核多形性,有的呈圆或卵圆形,核膜薄,有深浅不一的凹陷,可见小核仁。淋巴母细胞性5例,淋巴母曲核性淋巴瘤,细胞为中小形,呈锯齿状核和扭曲状核,异染色质沿核膜聚集,核仁小。毛细胞性淋巴瘤1例,毛细胞的绒毛宽基底,核仁大,胞浆无核糖体板层复合物。组织细胞性淋巴瘤3例,细胞浆丰富,核圆或椭圆形,偶见核膜呈锯齿状或折叠,线粒体和溶酶体丰富,无细胞连接和Birbeck颗粒。FCM