全文获取类型
收费全文 | 49071篇 |
免费 | 4661篇 |
国内免费 | 1120篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 248篇 |
儿科学 | 2030篇 |
妇产科学 | 1222篇 |
基础医学 | 3049篇 |
口腔科学 | 1677篇 |
临床医学 | 12588篇 |
内科学 | 4499篇 |
皮肤病学 | 292篇 |
神经病学 | 4199篇 |
特种医学 | 1618篇 |
外国民族医学 | 9篇 |
外科学 | 7394篇 |
综合类 | 4742篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 2854篇 |
眼科学 | 653篇 |
药学 | 3939篇 |
65篇 | |
中国医学 | 2349篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1419篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 141篇 |
2023年 | 1104篇 |
2022年 | 1756篇 |
2021年 | 2378篇 |
2020年 | 2402篇 |
2019年 | 2450篇 |
2018年 | 2295篇 |
2017年 | 2246篇 |
2016年 | 2076篇 |
2015年 | 1948篇 |
2014年 | 3632篇 |
2013年 | 4378篇 |
2012年 | 2667篇 |
2011年 | 2927篇 |
2010年 | 2345篇 |
2009年 | 2116篇 |
2008年 | 2356篇 |
2007年 | 2081篇 |
2006年 | 1874篇 |
2005年 | 1571篇 |
2004年 | 1326篇 |
2003年 | 1154篇 |
2002年 | 986篇 |
2001年 | 886篇 |
2000年 | 700篇 |
1999年 | 633篇 |
1998年 | 516篇 |
1997年 | 516篇 |
1996年 | 411篇 |
1995年 | 346篇 |
1994年 | 346篇 |
1993年 | 274篇 |
1992年 | 265篇 |
1991年 | 216篇 |
1990年 | 148篇 |
1989年 | 163篇 |
1988年 | 137篇 |
1987年 | 143篇 |
1986年 | 124篇 |
1985年 | 156篇 |
1984年 | 125篇 |
1983年 | 102篇 |
1982年 | 110篇 |
1981年 | 98篇 |
1980年 | 73篇 |
1979年 | 37篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 30篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence. 相似文献
72.
73.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is widely used for pain relief in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), and muscle weakness is a common finding in patients with chronic pain. We present here a single case report of a 47‐year‐old woman, who, after SCS for FBSS, had continuous improvement in lower leg muscle strength and gait, but only transient and minimal pain relief. To the authors’ knowledge, this is only the second published case report of significant improvement in “motor” function, independent of the analgesic effect following SCS in FBSS. If SCS, in fact, does improve muscle strength, new strategies for the management of patients with chronic pain might be opened up. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis. 相似文献
74.
Paul C. Willems Leon Elmans Patricia G. Anderson Wilco C. H. Jacobs Dick B. van der Schaaf Marinus de Kleuver 《European spine journal》2006,15(10):1487-1494
The results of lumbar fusion in chronic low back pain (LBP) patients vary considerably, and there is a need for proper patient selection. Lumbosacral orthoses have been widely used to predict outcome, however, with little scientific support. The aim of the present study was to determine the value of a pantaloon cast test in selecting chronic LBP patients for lumbar fusion or conservative management. First, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in which two independent reviewers identified studies in Medline, Cochrane and Current Contents databases. Three papers met the selection criteria. In the only study with a control group, a significantly better outcome after fusion compared to conservative treatment was found in patients who reported significant pain relief while in a cast (i.e. a positive cast test). The results of lumbar fusion, however, were not significantly different for patients with a positive and those with a negative cast test. In addition to the review, a clinical cohort study of 257 LBP patients, who had been allocated to either lumbar fusion or conservative management by a temporary external transpedicular fixation trial, was performed. Prior to allocation, all had undergone a pantaloon cast test. Patients with no history of prior spine surgery and with a positive pantaloon cast test had a better outcome after lumbar fusion than those treated conservatively (P = 0.002, χ
2 test). In patients with previous spine operations the outcomes were poor and the test was of no value. From the literature and the present patient cohort, it was concluded that only in chronic LBP patients without prior spine surgery, a pantaloon cast test with substantial pain relief suggests a favorable outcome of lumbar fusion compared to conservative management. The test has no value in patients who have had previous spine surgery. 相似文献
75.
目的探讨氦氖激光血液照射辅助治疗控制癌痛的疗效。方法对52例中晚期癌症重度痛患者在使用口服吗啡治疗基础上加用低能量氦氖激光血液照射治疗1周后,对疼痛缓解程度及平均缓解时间进行对照观察。结果加用激光照射组的镇痛疗效优于单用吗啡组,P<0.05,有效率分别为92%和84%,P>0.05,显效率分别为67%和46%,u=2.07,P<0.05,均数缓解时间分别为(8±3)h和(8±4)h,t=0.78,P>0.05,差异无显著性意义。结论氦氖激光血液照射治疗有一定协同镇痛作用。 相似文献
76.
77.
Twenty-five women receiving sedation for outpatient hysteroscopic polypectomy were injected with 0.25% bupivacaine 10 mL (paracervical group) and another 25 received the same volume of saline (control group) at the cervical fornix. Both groups were given target-controlled propofol sedation during the procedure. More propofol (mg/min) was needed for adequate anesthesia in the control group compared to the paracervical group (6.5 versus 4.6). In addition, the postoperative pain scores were lower in the paracervical group than in the control group. Hemodynamic changes and postoperative side effects were similar in the two groups. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study confirmed the effective use of paracervical blocks. This approach has the effect of reducing the amount of intraoperative propofol and decreasing postoperative pain in outpatient hysteroscopic surgery. 相似文献
78.
Future perspectives and research initiatives in fast-track surgery 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Henrik Kehlet 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2006,391(5):495-498
Background and aims Major surgery is still followed by a risk of morbidity, a need for hospitalisation and convalescence. Fast-track surgery has been introduced as a coordinated effort to combine unimodal evidence-based principles of care into a multi-modal effort to enhance recovery. The aim of this article was to update recent data on fast-track abdominal surgery and outline future strategies for research.Results The data from fast-track colonic resection support the validity of the concept because pain, ileus, cardiopulmonary function and muscle function were all improved, compared with traditional treatment and with reduced post-operative fatigue and convalescence. Although less data is available, similar positive results may be achieved in other types of major surgery. Current research initiatives include improved multi-modal non-opioid analgesia, rational principles for perioperative fluid management, pharmacological reduction of surgical stress responses and the role of laparoscopic procedures within the fast-track concept.Conclusions Fast-track surgery has evolved as a valid concept to improve post-operative outcome. Further progress may be expected based upon intensified research within perioperative pathophysiology and a multi-disciplinary collaboration between surgeons, anaesthesiologists and surgical nurses. 相似文献
79.
Herniography has been used for 25 years in the diagnosis of occult herniation but has not gained widespread acceptance in
the UK, despite studies confirming its high sensitivity and specificity for occult hernias and an excellent record of safety
and patient acceptability. The traditional approach in the UK to suspected occult groin herniation has been surgical exploration.
This study examined the use of herniography in a single district general hospital to assess its impact in limiting unnecessary
groin explorations and allowing discharge of patients without hernias. The case notes of 90 successive patients referred for
herniography by the department of general surgery in a single UK district general hospital over an 18-month period were reviewed.
Eighty-seven completed examinations were analysed in which 23 hernias were diagnosed in 20 patients. Thirteen patients have
undergone hernia repair with resolution of symptoms. There were no false positive examinations, although two inguinal hernias
were incorrectly diagnosed radiologically as femoral hernias; there were two false negative examinations where additional
hernias were found at laparoscopic repair. There were no reported complications. Twenty-four patients were discharged directly
from the surgical clinic after a negative herniogram. Thirty patients were referred to other specialities. No patient had
undergone groin exploration after a negative herniogram. Herniography is a useful tool in assessing obscure groin pain and
potential occult herniation. It can reliably rule out the presence of a hernia and avoid the need for surgical exploration.
Many patients with a negative herniogram can be reassured and discharged, whilst others may be referred on to other specialities
safe in the knowledge that an occult hernia has been excluded. 相似文献
80.
Mark S. Wallace Steven G. Charapata Robert Fisher Michael Byas‐Smith Peter S. Staats Martha Mayo Dawn McGuire David Ellis 《Neuromodulation》2006,9(2):75-86
Objective. The safety and efficacy of intrathecal (IT) ziconotide was studied in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Materials and Methods. Patients (169 ziconotide, 86 placebo) with severe chronic nonmalignant pain unresponsive to conventional therapy and a visual analog scale of pain intensity (VASPI score) ≥ 50 mm were treated over a 6‐day period in an inpatient hospital setting. Initial starting dose was 0.4 µg/hour and was titrated to analgesia or intolerance (maximum dose 7.0 µg/hour). The starting and maximum doses were reduced to 0.1 µg/hour and 2.4 µg/hour, respectively, due to adverse events (AEs). Results. The mean percent reduction in VASPI score from baseline was 31.2% and 6.0% for ziconotide‐ and placebo‐treated patients, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). During the initial titration phase, a significantly greater percentage of patients in the ziconotide group compared to the placebo group reported AEs, including abnormal gait, amblyopia, dizziness, nausea, nystagmus, pain, urinary retention, and vomiting. Conclusion. Ziconotide provided significant analgesia in patients for whom conventional therapy failed. However, there was a considerable incidence of ziconotide‐associated AEs due to the rapid titration and high doses administered. 相似文献