关于完善《中国药典》2015年版槐花炭质量标准的研究

目的:为了有效控制槐花炭的质量,本研究建立了饮片的质量控制方法与标准。方法:参照《中国药典》2010版附录相关方法,对槐花炭的水分、灰分和醇溶性浸出物进行测定。以芦丁、槲皮素为对照品,硅胶G为薄层板,芦丁以乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水(8:1:1)为展开剂,槲皮素以氯仿-甲醇-水(6.5:1:1)为展开剂,均在紫外(365 nm)下检视,建立薄层鉴别方法。采用可见-紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,以500 nm为检测波长。采用HPLC法测定芦丁、槲皮素含量;芦丁的色谱条件为:以Kromasil C18为固定相,以甲醇-1%冰醋酸水(32:68)为流动相,流速为0.8 m L·min-1,检测波长257 nm,柱温35℃;槲皮素的色谱条件为:以Kromasil C18为固定相,以甲醇-0.4%冰醋酸水(44:56)为流动相,流速为0.8 m L·min-1,检测波长257 nm,柱温40℃。结果:槐花炭(花)中水分、总灰分、酸不溶灰分分别不得超过6.0%、16%、8.0%;在薄层条件下,2个对照品与其他斑点分离度良好;浸出物、总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素含量分别不得低于40.0%、5.0%,2.5%,0.2%。槐花炭(花蕾)中水分、总灰分、酸不溶灰分分别不得超过6.0%、9.0%、1.5%;在薄层条件下,2个对照品与其他斑点分离度良好;浸出物、总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素含量分别不得低于45.0%、10.0%,5.0%,0.9%。结论:本标准提高了饮片的质控水平,为临床应用的安全性和有效性提供了实验依据,为《中国药典》2015年版提供实验数据。     

金叶女贞花提取物镇痛抗炎活性的筛选及评价

目的:筛选和评价金叶女贞花提取物的镇痛抗炎活性。方法:利用溶剂萃取法制备金叶女贞花水提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物。SPF级昆明小鼠分为5组:空白对照组(control)、阿司匹林组(aspirin)、金叶女贞花水提取物组、金叶女贞花乙酸乙酯提取物组以及金叶女贞花正丁醇提取物组。采用小鼠热板法和冰醋酸扭体法建立小鼠疼痛模型,评价金叶女贞花各提取物的镇痛效果。采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、小鼠足肿胀法评价金叶女贞花不同提取物的抗炎作用。结果:镇痛实验结果显示,金叶女贞花水提取物能显著提高小鼠痛阈,减少扭体次数(P<0.05),且金叶女贞花水提取物的镇痛率高达63.89%。抗炎实验结果显示,金叶女贞花水提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均能抑制小鼠耳肿胀和足肿胀,具有显著的抗炎作用(P<0.05)。结论:金叶女贞花兼具镇痛和抗炎活性的物质主要存在于水提取物中。此外,金叶女贞花的乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均具有一定的抗炎活性。     

柚花的食用安全性评价

目的 评估柚花的食用安全性。方法 通过柚花的营养成分和活性成分含量测定、柚花所含重金属和农药残留分析、人群食用现况及安全性调查,结合柚花的安全性毒理学试验结果,综合分析食用柚花的健康风险。结果 柚花含有蛋白质等营养成分,富含柚皮苷。受检样品中农药残留和重金属含量均符合相关限量要求。毒理学安全性试验中,龙安柚花未表现出毒性,未观察到毒作用剂量（no observed adverse effect level,NOAEL）＞8 g/（kg·BW）。龙安柚种植区居民中,食用柚花者占35.2%;食用方式以泡水饮用为主,部分人泡水后将柚花嚼服;人群日均食用量中位数为0.69 g,P97.5为4.42 g。食用者中仅1例自述腹泻,其余食用者未诉不适。结论 除孕妇、乳母、18岁以下人群、服药者外,柚花的人群日均食用量低于4.8 g时健康风险低。     

均匀设计对超临界提取金边瑞香鲜花香水条件的优化

目的：研究超临界CO2流体提取（SFE）金边瑞香鲜花中有效成分的最佳条件。方法：采用均匀设计方法，以提取压力，提取温度；解析压力，解析温度4个因素，每个因素7个水平进行实验。结果：在SFE中最佳提取条件；提取压力20MPa，提取温度39℃，解析压力8MPa以上，解析温度36℃。结论：本法是一种简便，高选择性和高效率的提取金边瑞香鲜花有效成分方法。     

丹参花药用价值研究探讨

丹参花的化学成分为丹参素、丹参酮等,与丹参的化学成分相似,对妇科疾病、心脑血管疾病有很好的疗效,而且清心除烦的作用也很突出。丹参花资源丰富,价廉易得,药效确切,温和无毒,其祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦作用经长期验证己得到充分肯定,具有预防治疗多种疾病的作用,但市场上还没有丹参花的产品,导致丹参花虽有良好的作用而得不到广泛的应用。为推动丹参花产业的发展,引导相关行业生产及使用丹参花制品,可采用有效的方法开发利用丹参花日用品、化妆品以及保健品。     

酸枣仁和合欢花水提取物对焦虑性抑郁症模型大鼠HPA轴 及炎症因子的影响

目的：探讨酸枣仁和合欢花水提取物对焦虑性抑郁症模型大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴及炎症因子的作用,阐明其配伍应用的效果及其作用机制。方法：80只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、低剂量酸枣仁组、高剂量酸枣仁组、低剂量合欢花组、高剂量合欢花组、低剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组和高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组,每组10只。采用应激束缚+孤笼饲养,并联合皮质酮（CORT）皮下注射的方法复制焦虑性抑郁症大鼠模型。强迫游泳实验（FST）观察各组大鼠强迫游泳静止时间;高架十字迷宫实验（EPM）观察各组大鼠进入开放臂的次数（OE）、进入封闭臂的次数（CE）、进入开放臂的时间（OT）和进入封闭臂的时间（CT）,并计算进入开放臂和封闭臂的总次数（TE）和OE％及OT％。ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、CORT和炎症因子白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）及白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平;HE染色检测各组大鼠海马神经细胞形态表现。结果：与模型组比较,低和高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组、高剂量酸枣仁组及高剂量合欢花组大鼠强迫游泳静止时间明显缩短（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与低剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组比较,低剂量酸枣仁组和低剂量合欢花组大鼠强迫游泳静止时间明显延长（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与高剂量酸枣仁组和高剂量合欢花组比较,高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组大鼠强迫游泳静止时间明显缩短（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,低和高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组、高剂量酸枣仁组及高剂量合欢花组大鼠OE%和OT%明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与低剂量酸枣仁组和低剂量合欢花组比较,低剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组大鼠OE%和OT%明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与高剂量酸枣仁组和高剂量合欢花组比较,高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组大鼠OE%和OT%明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与模型组比较,低和高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组、高剂量酸枣仁组及高剂量合欢花组大鼠血清中CHR、ACTH、CORT、IL-1β和IL-6水平明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与低剂量酸枣仁组和低剂量合欢花组比较,低剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组大鼠血清中CHR、ACTH、CORT、IL-1β和IL-6水平均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与高剂量酸枣仁组和高剂量合欢花组比较,高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组大鼠血清中CHR、ACTH、CORT、IL-1β及IL-6水平均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。HE染色,模型组大鼠海马神经细胞排列松散,大量神经细胞变性,细胞层次减少;低和高剂量酸枣仁-合欢花组大鼠海马神经细胞变性明显缓解,神经细胞排列紧密、细胞层次清晰。结论：酸枣仁与合欢花配伍应用能够改善焦虑性抑郁症大鼠的行为,保护大鼠海马神经元,降低焦虑性抑郁症大鼠炎症反应水平及调节HPA轴紊乱。     

A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Chinese Herbal Sophora Flower Formula in Patients with Symptomatic Haemorrhoids: A Preliminary Study

Dried flowers and buds of Sophora japonica (Huaihua) are used in China, Japan and Korea for treating haematemesis and bleeding haemorrhoids. This study compared the clinical safety and efficacy of a Sophora flower formula with a placebo for the conservative treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoids. The study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. The clinical effective rate, symptom score and the incidence of important clinical events were used as observation indices to evaluate the effect of the Sophora flower formula. The results showed that after 7 days of treatment, improvement was observed in 87.0% of the patients'' major symptoms in the Sophora flower formula group compared with 81.8% of those in the placebo group. After 14 days, 78.2% patients in the Sophora flower formula group were asymptomatic, whereas 40.9% of those in the placebo group exhibited residual symptoms. However, the difference between both groups was not statistically significant. As the bowel habits of the patients improved and as the patients took sitz baths, their symptoms improved drastically, regardless of the use of the Sophora flower formula. These findings indicate that the traditional Chinese Sophora flower formula is clinically safe; however, its effects on haemorrhoids need to be studied in a larger sample size and with different dosages. The present study results may be a potential clinical reference for physicians prescribing medications for patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids.     

DNA relaxation dynamics as a probe for the intracellular environment

Investigations into the biophysical properties of single molecules traditionally involve well defined in vitro systems where parameters such as solvent viscosity and applied forces are known a priori. These systems provide means to develop models describing the polymers response to a variety of conditions, including the entropically driven relaxation of a stretched biopolymer upon release of the tension inducing force. While these techniques have proven instrumental for recent advancements in the fields of polymer physics and biophysics, how applicable they are to life inside the cell remains poorly understood. Here we report an investigation of in vivo stretched polymer relaxation dynamics using chromatin relaxation following the breakage of a dicentric chromosome subjected to microtubule-based spindle forces. Additionally, we have developed an in vitro system used to verify the conformations observed during the in vivo relaxation, including the predicted but previously unidentified taut conformation. These observations motivate our use of existing polymer models to determine both the in vivo viscosity as seen by the relaxing chromatin and the tension force applied by the microtubule-based spindle in vivo. As a result, the technique described herein may be used as a biophysical strategy to probe the intranuclear environment.     

氨基酸转化三七花中稀有人参皂苷及提取液对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞活性的影响

目的通过添加食品级氨基酸将三七Panaxnotoginseng花中普通人参皂苷转化为稀有人参皂苷,并对转化前后提取物的抗炎活性进行比较。方法应用单因素和正交试验考察了不同氨基酸种类、氨基酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间和液固比对稀有人参皂苷转化的影响,探讨并分析了转化前后三七花提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞增殖和抗炎活性的影响。结果天冬氨酸是最佳催化剂,在温度为120℃、天冬氨酸为5%、液固比为30m L/g和反应时间为2h时,4种稀有人参皂苷总转化含量为(47.12±0.52)mg/g。转化前后三七花提取物在1.56~200μg/m L,显著抑制了LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞的活性(P<0.05),显著抑制NO和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的释放(P<0.05)。在质量浓度≥6.250μg/m L时,转化后三七花提取物显著对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症有更好的抑制作用(P<0.05),NO和IL-6促炎因子的分泌也显著减少(P<0.05)。结论对稀有人参皂苷的转化提供了绿色、安全和高效的转化方法。三七花在转化后对LPS诱导的炎症反应有明显的抑制作用,为三七花的开发利用提供了新思路。