载As2O3 pH敏感钙砷复合物脂质体的制备及体外评价

目的 制备pH敏感释药的As₂O₃脂质体,并进行体外评价。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备含钙离子脂质体,然后用离子沉淀法孵育制备钙砷复合物脂质体（CaAs-LP）。测定CaAs-LP的粒径、Zeta电位及多分散系数（PDI）;透射电子显微镜观察脂质体的形态;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定纳米药物的载药量与包封率;透析袋法考察其体外释药特性。噻唑蓝（MTT）法考察未载药脂质体及CaAs-LP对人源性乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人源性脑胶质瘤U87细胞和人源性肝癌HepG2细胞的毒性;共聚焦显微镜考察U87细胞对CaAs-LP的摄取效率。结果 制备的CaAs-LP呈规整类球型,粒径约为（117.16±1.94）nm,包封率和载药量分别为（74.31±2.11）%、（8.31±0.13）%。体外释放研究表明,CaAs-LP具有明显的缓释以及pH响应释药特征。未载药的脂质体在MCF-7、U87、HepG2和L02细胞中的生物相容性良好;CaAs-LP抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用较原药有所上升,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）值分别为11.91、4.90、19.41、27.59 μmol/L。细胞摄取研究表明肝癌细胞对脂质体具有良好的摄取。结论 CaAs-LP具备显著的缓释以及pH响应释药的特性,在肿瘤治疗方面具有较好的应用前景。     

星点设计-效应面法优化pH值响应及线粒体靶向双功能金丝桃苷脂质体的处方及其体外评价

目的 优化线粒体靶向金丝桃苷脂质体（DLD/Hyp-Lip）制备的最佳处方,并研究研究其在胎牛血清中的稳定性及体外释放行为,考察其线粒体靶向性。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备DLD/Hyp-Lip,以包封率和载药量为考察指标进行单因素实验,考察磷脂总量与金丝桃苷（hyperoside,Hyp）用量比、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇（DSPE-PEG）与DLD用量比等条件对DLD/Hyp-Lip的影响,结合星点设计-效应面法优化DLD/Hyp-Lip处方。使用透射电子显微镜和粒径仪观察测定脂质体粒子外观、平均粒径和Zeta电位,采用血清稳定性实验和体外释药、线粒体靶向性对该载药系统进行评价。结果 DLD/Hyp-Lip最佳处方为磷脂总量和金丝桃苷用量比为12.50：1,磷脂总量与胆固醇用量比为6.00：1,DSPE-PEG与DLD用量比为3：5;测得金丝桃苷包封率为（95.57±0.56）%,载药量为（8.55±0.57）%。所制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip外观良好,平均粒径为（124.9±3.4）nm,Zeta电位为（-6.2±1.9）mV;在胎牛血清中性状稳定,在体外释放介质中24 h累积释放量达到40%。线粒体靶向实验表明DLD/Hyp-Lip可以促进药物聚集在线粒体部位。结论 采用此方法能够精准有效的优化DLD/Hyp-Lip的制备工艺,该方法操作简单方便,可以用于DLD/Hyp-Lip制备与处方的优化,制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip包封率高,粒径小,分布均匀,且具有良好的缓释作用,为DLD/Hyp-Lip的进一步体内研究奠定了基础。载金丝桃苷的DLD/Hyp-Lip具有良好的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向性,是一种潜在高效的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向给药系统。     

IN VIVO TRAFFICKING OF LONG-CIRCULATING LIPOSOMES IN TUMOUR-BEARING MICE DETERMINED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

Various kinds of long-circulating liposome, such as ganglioside GM1-, polyethyleneglycol- (PEG-), and glucuronide-modified liposomes, have been developed for passive targeting of liposomal drugs to tumours. To evaluate the in vivo behaviour of such long-circulating liposomes, we investigated the liposomal trafficking, especially early trafficking just after injection of liposomes, by a non-invasive method using positron emission tomography (PET). Liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and modifier, namely, GM1, distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)–PEG or palmityl-D -glucuronide (PGlcUA), were labelled with [2-¹⁸F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D -glucose ([2-¹⁸F]FDG), and administered to mice bearing Meth A sarcoma after having been sized to 100 nm. A PET scan was started immediately after injection of liposomes and continued for 120 min. PET images and time–activity curves indicated that PEG liposomes and PGlcUA liposomes were efficiently accumulated in tumour tissues time dependently from immediately after injection. In contrast, GM1 liposomes accumulated less in the tumour as was also the case for control liposomes that contained dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) instead of a modifier. Long-circulating liposomes including GM1 liposomes, however, remained in the blood circulation and avoided liver trapping compared with control DPPG liposomes. These data suggest that PGlcUA and PEG liposomes start to accumulate in the tumour just after injection, whereas GM1 liposomes may accumulate in the tumour after a longer period of circulation.     

自制多聚胺阳离子脂质体转染效率及细胞毒性的评价

目的: 评估制备的多聚胺阳离子脂质体转染哺乳动物细胞的转染效率及细胞毒性. 方法: 多聚胺阳离子脂质TC-Chol与中性磷脂DOPE以3: 1摩尔比,制备多聚胺阳离子脂质体,通过转染以增强型绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因的质粒PIRES2-EGFP入HeLa细胞, Hep2细胞,倒置荧光显微镜下检测转染细胞的报告基因表达,通过MTT法,检测细胞存活分数,并以Lipofectamine2000为对照,评价制备阳离子脂质体转染效率及细胞毒性. 结果: 多聚胺阳离子脂质体转染效率略低于Lipofectamine 2000,但细胞毒性较低,为一种相对高效低毒的阳离子脂质体. 结论: 多聚胺阳离子脂质体为一种相对高效低毒的阳离子脂质体,在基因转染和基因治疗方面具有较广阔的前景.     

注射用青藤碱脂质体温敏凝胶的制备及其药动学研究

目的通过脂质体与温敏凝胶相结合,制备新型注射用关节腔给药系统,并研究其药物代谢动力学(简称药动学)。方法采用逆向蒸发法制备青藤碱脂质体,通过单因素考察、星点设计-效应面法优化处方。选取壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸(CS/β-GP)为温敏凝胶制备体系,并采用透析袋法对青藤碱脂质体温敏凝胶的体外释放度进行测定。建立家兔关节腔给药模型,应用DAS 3.1.0软件进行数据处理进而研究其药动学。结果制备青藤碱脂质体最优处方为药脂比1∶6,大豆磷脂与胆固醇比6∶1,油水比1∶6。体外释放结果显示,青藤碱脂质体温敏凝胶缓释效果明显,至114 h还未释放完全。家兔体内药动学研究表明,青藤碱脂质体温敏凝胶的生物利用度约为青藤碱注射液的2.0倍(P0.01),达峰时间显著延长,约为青藤碱注射液的3.0倍(P0.01),血药峰浓度降低(P0.05),缓释效果优于青藤碱注射剂。结论青藤碱脂质体温敏凝胶性状稳定,缓释效果明显,注射于家兔关节腔后,经体液侵蚀后自行消解,可用于关节腔注射给药。     

RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes suppress non‐small cell lung cancer growth by limiting nutrition supply

Chemotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is far from satisfactory, mainly due to poor targeting of antitumor drugs and self‐adaptations of the tumors. Angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, migration, and invasion are the main ways for tumors to obtain nutrition. Herein, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes were successfully prepared. These liposomes showed ideal physicochemical properties, enhanced tumor targeting and accumulation in tumor sites, and inhibited VM channel formation, tumor angiogenesis, migration and invasion. The liposomes also downregulated VM‐related and angiogenesis‐related proteins in vitro. Furthermore, when tested in vivo, the targeted co‐delivery liposomes increased selective accumulation of drugs in tumor sites and showed extended stability in blood circulation. In conclusion, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes showed strong antitumor efficacy in vivo and could thus be considered a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.     

SEA诱导人PBMC对结肠癌Caco-2细胞的杀伤效果观察

目的通过蛋白注入和基因转染两种形式,观察金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A（SEA）诱导人外周血单核细胞（PBMC）对结肠癌Caco-2细胞的杀伤效果。方法密度梯度离心法分离PBMC,用不同浓度SEA诱导;MTT法测定PBMC对Caco-2细胞的杀伤率;用阳离子脂质体法将重组质粒pEGFP-N1-SEA转染至Caco-2细胞,检测PB—MC对该细胞的杀伤率。结果在一定范围内,随着SEA浓度的升高,PBMC对Caco-2细胞的杀伤率显著上升,在36h、高效靶比、高SEA浓度的情况下,杀伤率可达57．23％;将pEGFP-N1-SEA转染至Caco-2中,转染效率达55％,同时能显著提高PBMC的杀伤率,转染60h后杀伤率可达54．62％。结论通过蛋白注入和基因转染两种形式,SEA均能诱导并增强PBMC对Caco-2细胞的杀伤效果。     

长循环脂质体的研究进展及其在核医学中的应用

脂质体作为药物载体具有很多优点,但是其主动靶向性和稳定性较差,聚乙二醇或与配体连接的聚乙二醇修饰的脂质体,即长循环脂质体,具有延长脂质体在血液循环中的半衰期、提高其稳定性、改变脂质体在体内的生物学分布,赋予脂质体靶向性的优点。本文主要综述了长循环脂质体的研究进展及其在核医学中的应用。     

针刺对肺癌大鼠体内紫杉醇脂质体趋向性的影响

目的观察针刺“肺俞”、“太渊”对紫杉醇脂质体在肺癌大鼠体内趋向性的影响,为抗肿瘤药物的靶向性研究开辟新的途径。方法,紫杉醇脂质体用”“锝标记,选用单纯尾静脉注射药物以及注射药物分别与针刺“肺俞”、“太渊”（相关穴位）、“神门”（无关穴位）相结合等4种方法对造模成功的肺癌大鼠进行干预（每组18只）。分别于静脉注射后60、90、120min（每个时间点取6只）后处死大鼠,用γ-放射免疫记数器分别测定肺、肝、肾等脏器紫杉醇脂质体的药物含量。结果针剌“肺俞”和“太渊”在全部或部分时间点使肺癌大鼠肺组织紫杉醇脂质体含量增加。针刺“神门”未能使肺组织药物含量升高。结论针刺“肺俞”和“太渊”对紫杉醇脂质体在肺癌大鼠体内的分布具有趋向性影响,“肺俞”对药物在肺脏的靶向性影响大于“太渊”。