Effects of orthodox religious fasting versus combined energy and time restricted eating on body weight,lipid concentrations and glycaemic profile

Abstract

For seven weeks, 37 overweight adults followed a hypocaloric diet based on Orthodox Fasting (OF). A hypocaloric, time restricted eating (TRE) plan (eating between 08:00 to 16:00?h, water fasting from 16:00 to 08:00?h) was followed by 23 Body Mass Index (BMI)-matched participants. Anthropometric, glycaemic and inflammation markers and serum lipids were assessed before and after the diets. Both OF and TRE groups demonstrated reductions in BMI (28.54?±?5.45 vs 27.20?±?5.10?kg/m², p?<?0.001 and 26.40?±?4.11 vs 25.81?±?3.78?kg/m² p?=?0.001, respectively). Following the intervention, the OF group presented lower concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, compared with the pre-fasting values (178.40?±?34.14 vs 197.17?±?34.30?mg/dl, p?<?0.001 and 105.89?±?28.08 vs 122.37?±?29.70?mg/dl, p?<?0.001, respectively). Neither group manifested significant differences in glycaemic and inflammatory parameters. Our findings suggest that OF has superior lipid lowering effects than the TRE pattern.     

魔芋精粉与几种常用膳食纤维降血脂效果比较及机理探讨

用含胆固醇1％、胆盐0.25％、猪油5％的高脂饲料喂饲健康雄性大鼠,诱发高脂血症的同时分别加入5％的魔芋精粉、果胶、褐藻胶及琼脂,观察此四种膳食纤维对大鼠生长、血清脂质含量、肝脏脂质含量及肝脏组织病理的不同影响,并通过测定粪中酸性固醇的排泄量来观察它们对胆汁酸代谢的影响。结果表明:1)四种膳食纤维均能有效地降低进食高脂膳食大鼠的空腹血清总胆固醇含量,对空腹血甘油三酯水平无影响;2)魔芋精粉能较其余三种膳食纤维更有效地降低肝脏组织脂质含量,包括胆固醇及甘油三酯。肝组织病理学检查亦显示魔芋精粉减轻肝脂变效果最佳;3)四种膳食纤维均能增加粪中胆汁酸尤其是鹅脱氧胆酸的排泄量,推测这可能是它们降低机体脂质的机理之一;4)四种膳食纤维在5％摄入水平对大鼠摄食及生长无不良影响。     

河南汉族人群载脂蛋白E基因型与血脂水平的关系

目的：研究河南汉族人群中载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因型和等位基因频率以及ApoE表型与血脂水平之间的关系。方法：运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测了317例健康人的ApoE基因型,按标准酶法和免疫学方法测定血脂和载脂蛋白。结果：研究对象的ε2,ε3和ε4等位基因频率分别为0.068、0.869和0.063,与中国其他地区汉族人群比较差异无显著性。携带ε4等位基因的个体具有较高的TC及LDL-C水平。通过人种间比较发现ε4等位基因频率在白种人群中较高。结论：黄种人群ε4等位基因频率较白种人低;ApoE基因多态性影响血中胆固醇水平。     

慢性肾炎各肾功能与脂质变化的关系及临床意义

通过对６１名不同肾功能的慢性肾炎患者胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、载脂蛋白Ａ（ＡｐｏＡ Ⅰ）及载脂蛋白（ＡｐｏＢ）和高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ）的测定,并与正常对照组４０例比较。发现慢性肾炎各期患者血清ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ明显升高,ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ、ＡｐｏＡⅠ下降,这些改变以慢性肾功能不全组明显,ＡｐｏＢ在慢性肾功能衰竭组下降,其余各级升高。笔者在此就慢性肾炎发生继发血     

畅脉舒对家兔动脉粥样硬化的防治作用

目的 探讨畅永舒防治动脉粥样化（ＡＳ）的作用机制。方法 采用高胆固醇饲料喂养,建立家兔ＡＳ模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、地奥心血康组（地奥组）和畅脉舒用药组,每组在实验第１４周取血标本因脂、血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、环鸟苷酸（ｃＧＭＰ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）等指标。结果 与模型组比较,畅脉舒及地奥组１３周后均胡提高ＮＯ,ｃＧＭＰ,高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ     

铅对心肌细胞膜脂、膜蛋白运动影响特征的研究

采用荧光偏振及ＥＳＲ（电子自旋共振）技术观察铅对心肌细胞膜脂、膜蛋白运动的影响。与对照组相比,１～１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ铅可使荧光偏振度Ｐ值及微粘度η值呈增加趋势,但无显著性差异。在同一剂量相同作用时间下,铅对τＣ值有明显影响,在１～５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈剂量反应关系,即随铅剂量增大,τＣ值增大。τＣ增大,膜蛋白运动减慢;τＣ减小,膜蛋白运动加快。提示铅对心肌细胞膜蛋白的影响大于膜脂。     

Fitness in the fit: does physical conditioning affect cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged marathon runners?

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to assess cardiovascular risk factorsin marathon runners with different degrees of fitness. DESIGN: A total of 30 male middle-aged marathon runners were dividedaccording to their marathon running time into fit (265 ±8 min), fitter (222 ± 5 min) and fittest (178 ±12 min). The three groups of 10 runners each were comparablein age, weight, and body surface area. Cardiovascular risk factorswere assessed by measuring arterial pressure before and duringexercise (150 watts) and determination of plasma lipoproteins,uric acid, glucose and white blood cell count before and aftera marathon run. RESULTS: All measured laboratory values such as high-density lipoproteincholesterol (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P <0.05), total cholesterol (non-significant), triglycerides(non-significant), blood sugar (non-significant), uric acid(P <0.05), and white blood cell count (P <0.05) indicateda lower cardiovascular risk in the fastest when compared withthe slowest runners. Resting blood pressure was similar in thethree groups but consistently lower at all levels of exercisein the fittest when compared with the less fit runners. Thefittest runners also showed greater increases in high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol after the marathon run (14% vs 8% inthe slowest runners, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that even at the extreme end of a continuum suchas represented by well-conditioned, middle-aged marathon runners,cardiovascular risk factors are related to the degree of fitness,as measured by the marathon running time.     

Unaltered insulin sensitivity during calcium channel blockade with amlodipine

Summary The sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin is of pathophysiological, therapeutic and possibly also of prognostic relevance. Calcium channel blockers are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders that are commonly associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (S_I). To evaluate the effects of calcium channel blokkade on S_I, glucose homoeostasis and lipid profiles, studies were made of S_I (determined by the Minimal Model Method of Bergman), basal glucose and insulin levels, serum total triglyceride (Tg) and lipoprotein cholesterol (C) fractions and certain other variables in 38 healthy young men (24 y) during placebo and after 3 weeks of calcium channel blockade with amlodipine 5 mg once daily. Measurements were made after 3 days on a standard diet (2200 kcal · day^–1, 45% carbohydrates, 40% fat and 15% proteins) and after an overnight fast. Compared to placebo, amlodipine decreased supine systolic blood pressure (P<0.01). Heart rate, body weight and 24 h urinary sodium excretion were unaltered, and so were fasting plasma glucose (placebo vs amlodipine: 4.86 vs 4.83 mmol·1^–1, respectively) and insulin levels (7.7 vs 7.9 U·ml^–1), S_I (10.5 vs 9.6·10^–4 × min^–1 pro U·ml^–1), serum total Tg, C and lipoprotein C fractions.The findings demonstrate unchanged insulin sensitivity and secretion, as well as lipoprotein regulation, during maintenance administration of 5 mg amlodipine daily to healthy young men.This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation     

Effect of doxazosin on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetic patients

Summary The effect of doxazosin, an a,-adrenoceptor blocking drug, on blood pressure, sensitivity to insulin and serum lipids has been evaluated in 14 hypertensive, non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. The dose was titrated individually upwards from 1 mg until the diastolic blood pressure was below 90 mm Hg, side-effects precluded further dosage increase or the maximum daily dose of 16 mg was achieved.After 12 weeks of treatment (mean doxazosin dose 5.6 ± 5.1 mg daily), the supine and standing diastolic blood pressure of the patients had declined by about 7 mmHg, whereas their systolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly changed. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose increased from 2.35 to 3.37 ml - min^–1 - kg^–1 during treatment, suggesting improved sensitivity to insulin. Fasting plasma glucose was 11.9 mmol·1^–1 before and 10.9 mmol·l^–1 after doxazosin therapy (NS). Serum electrolytes and lipids did not change significantly but serum uric acid decreased from 305 to 281 mol · 1^–1 Doxazosin may be a useful alternative for the treatment of hypertension in NIDDM patients.