活性炭在过氧化氢氧化脱除二苯并噻吩中的催化作用

研究了几种活性炭在过氧化氢氧化二苯并噻吩(DBT)中的催化性能、氧化脱除机理以及碳表面化学对催化性能的影响。考察了活性炭的吸附性能与催化性能以及两者之间的关系、DBT在活性炭上的动态反应活性以及水相pH对其吸附性能和催化性能的影响;并将一种木质活性炭经过3种表面处理,研究了活性炭的表面化学对其催化性能的影响。结果表明:活性炭在过氧化氢氧化DBT中具有较高的催化活性,正辛烷中的DBT转化率可达到81%以上;木质粉末活性炭对DBT的吸附性能优于果壳炭和煤质颗粒活性炭;吸附容量大的活性炭,其催化性能也好;DBT在催化性能高的活性炭作用下的动态反应活性也高;水相pH在低于2的条件下有利于DBT在活性炭上的吸附和催化氧化。DBT的氧化脱除强烈依赖于表面羰基量,是由于表面羰基能加速过氧化氢产生自由基。     

从脂毒及毒损肾络探讨糖尿病肾病病理机制简

脂代谢紊乱对糖尿病并发症的发生有重要影响。根据中医理论特点,脂毒可以归为＂毒＂邪概念。该文试着从脂毒及毒损肾络角度出发,探讨糖尿病肾病的发病机制,旨在为临床治疗糖尿病肾病提供新的思路和方法。     

Effect of L-Glutamine on Chylomicron Formation and Fat-Induced Activation of Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Glutamine (Gln) is required for intestinal mucosal homeostasis, and it can promote triglyceride absorption. The intestinal mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are activated during fat absorption. This study investigated the potential role of Gln on fat absorption-induced activation of MMCs in rats. Lymph fistula rats (n = 24) were studied after an overnight recovery with the infusion of saline only, saline plus 85 mM L-glutamine (L-Gln) or 85 mM D-glutamine (D-Gln), respectively. On the test day, rats (n = 8/group) were given an intraduodenal bolus of 20% Intralipid contained either saline only (vehicle group), 85 mM L-Gln (L-Gln group), or 85 mM D-Gln (D-Gln group). Lymph was collected hourly for up to 6 h for analyses. The results showed that intestinal lymph from rats given L-Gln had increased levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and A-I (ApoA-I), concomitant with an increased spectrum of smaller chylomicron particles. Unexpectedly, L-Gln also increased levels of rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII), as well as histamine and prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) in response to dietary lipid. However, these effects were not observed in rats treated with 85 mM of the stereoisomer D-Gln. Our results showed that L-glutamine could specifically activate MMCs to degranulate and release MMC mediators to the lymph during fat absorption. This observation is potentially important clinically since L-glutamine is often used to promote gut health and repair leaky gut.     

Olfactory Stimulation with Volatile Aroma Compounds of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oil and Linalool Ameliorates White Fat Accumulation and Dyslipidemia in Chronically Stressed Rats

We explored the physiological effects of inhaling basil essential oil (BEO) and/or linalool and identified odor-active aroma compounds in BEO using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–olfactometry (GC–O). Linalool was identified as the major volatile compound in BEO. Three groups of rats were administered BEO and linalool via inhalation, while rats in the control group were not. Inhalation of BEO for 20 min only reduced the total weight gain (190.67 ± 2.52 g) and increased the forced swimming time (47.33 ± 14.84 s) compared with the control group (219.67 ± 2.08 g, 8.33 ± 5.13 s). Inhalation of BEO for 5 min (392 ± 21 beats/min) only reduced the pulse compared with the control group (420 ± 19 beats/min). Inhalation of linalool only reduced the weight of white adipose tissue (5.75 ± 0.61 g). The levels of stress-related hormones were not significantly different among the groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased after inhalation of BEO for 20 min (by more than −10% and −15%, respectively). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered (by more than −10%) by the inhalation of BEO and linalool, regardless of the inhalation time. In particular, BEO inhalation for 20 min was associated with the lowest level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (53.94 ± 2.72 mg/dL). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased after inhalation of BEO (by more than +15%). The atherogenic index and cardiac risk factors were suppressed by BEO inhalation. Animals exposed to BEO and linalool had no significant differences in hepatotoxicity. These data suggest that the inhalation of BEO and linalool may ameliorate cardiovascular and lipid dysfunctions. These effects should be explored further for clinical applications.     

微波对体外培养的骨髓基质细胞脂质过氧化损伤

目的 :观察微波对体外培养的骨髓基质细胞的脂质过氧化损伤作用 .方法 :体外培养骨髓基质细胞 ,微波按强度分为 3组 (10 ,2 0和 30mW·cm-2 ) .辐照 1h ,共进行 2次试验 ,每次每组 4瓶细胞 .辐照后立即测定SOD活性 ,MDA含量 ,检测细胞存活率 .用方差分析进行统计分析 .结果 :微波辐照后 ,2 0mW·cm-2 组和 30mW·cm-2 组SOD活性下降(P <0 .0 1) ,MDA含量升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,细胞存活率明显下降 .结论 :在本实验条件下 ,微波可引起体外培养的骨髓基质细胞的脂质过氧化损伤     

枸杞黄酮对H2O2损伤的血管内皮细胞NO及NOS作用的研究

目的：研究枸杞黄酮对过氧化氢(H 2 O2)损伤的血管内皮细胞一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)作用。方法以人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)为研究对象,建立 H 2 O2诱导 HUVEC 的氧化损伤模型。实验分为正常对照组、H 2 O2组、维生素C(VitC)组、枸杞黄酮低、中、高浓度组(枸杞黄酮100 mg/L、200 mg/L 和400 mg/L 预处理)。用 MTT 法观察枸杞黄酮对 H 2 O2损伤的血管内皮细胞活性的影响,观察枸杞黄酮类化合物对氧化应激损伤细胞过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)、人总一氧化氮合成酶(TNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、及 NO 的作用。结果(1)MTT 结果表明 H 2 O2损伤后内皮细胞生长抑制率(IR)为38.8%;枸杞黄酮低、中、高浓度组 IR 分别为34.0%、30.7%、25.5%,与 H 2 O2组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.01);(2)与正常对照组相比较,H 2 O2组细胞 NO 活性降低,而 TNOS、iNOS、MDA 生成增加。与 H 2 O2组相比较,枸杞黄酮低、中、高浓度组中NO、TNOS、iNOS、MDA 的变化则相反,与枸杞黄酮呈剂量依赖性(P <0.01)。结论枸杞黄酮对 H 2 O2所致人血管内皮细胞损伤有保护作用,且保护效果与枸杞黄酮呈一定相关性。     

慢性肾脏病未透析患者氧化应激状态及血清番茄红素水平研究

目的研究慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease, CKD）未透析患者氧化应激状态及血清番茄红素水平。方法选取CKD未透析患者28例,入职健康体检者31例。清晨空腹采血,检测氧化和抗氧化指标丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化力（T—AOC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（XC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）等血脂水平。高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测血清番茄红素水平。结果两组血脂水平无显著性差异。CKD组血清MDA和T—AOC水平与对照组相比均有显著性差异。CKD组血清SOD水平为83．86±24．47U／ml,显著低于对照组157．18±27．34U／ml（P〈0．01）。CKD组和对照组血清番茄红素水平分别为9．854-7．95μg/dl和10．18±5．29μg/dl,两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CKD未透析患者存在氧化应激,番茄红素缓解CKD患者氧化应激的作用可能不明显。     

西罗莫司纳米脂质载体固化制剂的制备

采用冷冻干燥法以微晶纤维素Avicel PH-101与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)K30的混合物(4:1,w,%)为吸附性粉末固化西罗莫司纳米脂质载体分散液,并以再分散时间、平均粒径及分布、流动性和泄漏率等为指标,采用单因素试验优化固化处方。结果表明,3批按优化方法制备的西罗莫司纳米脂质载体固化制剂的休止角为(42.65±0.80)。,振实密度为(0.79±0.03)g/m1,且含量均匀度良好,再分散时间为(10.0±0.4)min,再分散液粒径(132.7+2.6)nm,分布系数0.297±0.01,ξ电位(-12.8±1.05)mV,冻干前后的泄漏率为(10.80±0.41)%。     

芹菜素对2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠脂代谢紊乱的作用及机制研究

目的研究芹菜素对2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠脂代谢紊乱的作用及机制。方法 8周龄雄性db/db小鼠随机分组分为模型组、芹菜素组(50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照组。各干预8周后,检测小鼠体质量、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、成纤维细胞生长因子-19(FGF-19)、空腹胰岛素水平(Fins)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);肝组织HE染色观察肝细胞脂质蓄积; RT-PCR检测肝脏SREBP1c、FAS、Sirt1、PGC1α、CPT1基因表达; Western blot检测PPARα蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,芹菜素组小鼠体质量、FBG、CHO、TG、FFA显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),FGF-19显著升高(P0.01); HE染色肝细胞脂肪变性程度减轻,胞内脂滴数量减少,细胞排列整齐;肝脏SREBP1c、FAS mRNA表达降低(P0.05,P0.01),Sirt1、PGC1α、CPT1αmRNA表达显著升高(P0.05); PPARα蛋白表达显著升高(P0.01)。结论芹菜素可以改善糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢紊乱,可能是通过下调肝脏SREBP1c、FAS mRNA表达,上调肝脏Sirt1、PGC1α、CPT1α、PPARα表达实现的。