复方利多卡因喷雾剂皮肤刺激性实验研究

目的观察动物完整皮肤及破损皮肤接触复方利多卡因喷雾剂后所产生的局部刺激反应,并进行安全性评价。方法用皮肤刺激反应评分表评价复方利多卡因喷雾剂对豚鼠皮肤的刺激反应。结果复方利多卡因喷雾剂对豚鼠完整皮肤组的刺激分值小于0.5,对破损皮肤组刺激分值均低于2.09。结论复方利多卡因喷雾剂一次或多次用药对完好皮肤无刺激性反应,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激性,但用药2天后,这种轻度刺激反应会自行消退。     

麻醉药物对硬膜外阻滞利多卡因药动学的影响

目的：麻醉药物对硬膜外阻滞利多卡因药动学影响进行研究。方法：分别对12例腹部及下肢手术患者硬膜外阻滞加全麻和腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉后的药动学参数进行研究和评价，采用荧光偏振免疫方法（FPIA）测定血中利多卡因浓度，3P97程序进行药动学参数线性拟合，t检验比较组间差异。结果：硬膜外阻滞加全麻和腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞注药后，血药浓度达峰时间分别为（8．4±0．6）min和（9．0±0．6）min（P〉0．05），血药峰值分别为（2．16±0．25）mg·L^-1和（2．02±0．20）mg·L^-1（P〉0．05），吸收速率常数分别为（19．3±4．4）h^-1和（19．4±4．8）h^-1（P〉0.05），消徐半衰期分别为（3．3±1．7）h和（2．6±0．6）h（P〉0．05）。结论：麻醉药物对硬膜外阻滞利多卡因药动学无显著影响，可以安全使用。     

复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶和地塞米松联用局部治疗扁平苔藓的疗效

目的观察和评价复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶和地塞米松(肾上腺皮质激素药)联用局部治疗口腔扁平苔藓的疗效。方法选择扁平苔藓患者240例,随机分成4组:A组患者用地塞米松粉剂(0.75mg)与复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶(1cm)混合均匀后,患处涂抹;B组患者用地塞米松粉剂(0.75mg)在患处涂抹;C组患者用复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶(1cm)患处涂抹;D组患者用口腔溃疡膏(1mg)在患处涂抹。观察1～4周,观察有效率、糜烂和白色斑纹面积的变化以及愈合时间。结果A组有效率明显高于其他组;非糜烂型患者的白色斑纹面积的变化也明显高于其他组(80.0±3.4)mm2;临床痊愈时间明显的小于其他组(3.0±1.4)周,均具有统计学意义。B组糜烂面积的变化明显高于其他组(78.0±5.6)mm2,具有统计学意义。结论复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶和地塞米松局部联用治疗非糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓具有良好的临床疗效。     

罗哌卡因单用及复合不同浓度利多卡因对坐骨神经起效时间的影响

目的:观察不同浓度利多卡因复合罗哌卡因及单用罗哌卡因对坐骨神经阻滞起效时间的影响.方法:90例行单侧下肢手术的病人,随机分A、B、C三组(n=30).采用神经刺激器定位行单侧坐骨神经一腰丛阻滞.三组坐骨神经用药分别为2%或1%利多卡因与罗哌卡因联合及单纯罗哌卡因.记录三组腓肠神经外侧皮支(SN)、腓浅神经(FN)、胫神经跟内侧支(TN)的起效时间.记录起效时间小于15 min及20 min的例数及该时间点可以手术病人百分率.结果:A组TN起效时间快于B组与C组(P＜0.05),A、B两组SN、FN起效时间快于C组(P＜0.05);SN、FN、TN起效时间小于15 min及20 min的例数在A/B/C三组分别为28/24/14、25/19/12、29/19/16和29/28/23、29/24/19、30/23/23;A、B、C三组可以手术病人百分率在15 min和20 min时分别为83.3%、43.3%、33.3%和96.7%、66.7%、60%,A组大于B组和C组(P＜0.01).结论:应用2%利多卡因复合罗哌卡因坐骨神经起效时间较快,是较好的临床用药组合.     

异丙酚静脉麻醉期间利多卡因临床药动学

目的研究异丙酚靶控输注静脉全麻下恒速输注不同速率利多卡因时机体吸收、分布、代谢情况。方法选择18例异丙酚静脉全麻手术患者,麻醉稳定后随机输注利多卡因0.15 mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)(组Ⅰ,n=9)或0.20 mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)(组Ⅱ,n=9)。利多卡因注药后和停药后不同时间分别抽取桡动脉血,应用HPLC-UV法检测利多卡因血浆浓度,DAS软件包计算药动学参数。结果利多卡因注射后血药浓度-时间曲线可用开放性二室模型描述,2组患者利多卡因药动学参数除AUC_((0-65))外差异均无统计学意义(P·0.05):t_(1/2α)为(2.701±2.346)min,t_(1/2β)为(53.508±25.111)min,V_1/F为(0.251±0.151)L·kg~(-1),EL为(6.704±5.098)mL·min~(-1)·kg~(-1),k_(10)为(0.019±0.005)·min~(-1),k_(12)为(0.038±0.023)·min~(-1),k_(21)为(0.195±0.158)·min~(-1)。t_(1/2α)、t_(1/2β)、V_1、CL、k_(10)、k_(12)、k_(21)的RSD分别为86.85%、46.93%、60.10%、76.04%、26.07%、60.55%和80.80%。结论临床应用利多卡因不同输注速率对药动学无明显影响。与异丙酚联合用于全麻患者时利多卡因参数个体差异较大,静脉麻醉靶控输注时应注意个体化用药。     

利多卡因和黄芪对心室晚电位的干预作用

对３８例体表信号平均心电图（ＳＡＥＣＧ）检测为心室晚电位阳性的患者，分别子利子卡因静脉注射（１６例）或黄芪总甙注射液静脉滴注（２２例），每日１次，连续用２周。结果显示：利多卡因组２例（１２．５％）患者ＳＡＥＣＧ转为正常，但治疗前后平均ＳＡＥＣＧ指标无显著改变；黄芪组３例（１３．６％）患者ＳＡＥＣＧ转为正常，平均综合导联ＱＲＳ时限、ＬＡＳ显著缩短（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＲＭＳＪ４０增大（Ｐ＜０．０５），     

Saturation prostate biopsy with periprostatic block can be performed in office

PURPOSE: Recent reports of saturation prostate biopsy performed in the operating room with the patient under anesthesia have shown increased cancer detection rates over repeat office based prostate biopsy. We report equivalent success and tolerability of saturation biopsy in the office using local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 24 core saturation prostate biopsies in 15 patients using periprostatic local anesthesia. Before biopsy 20 cc 2% lidocaine (10 cc per side) were injected under ultrasound guidance into the periprostatic nerve entry into the prostate bilaterally. After measurements were made a random 24 core prostate biopsy was performed using a spring loaded biopsy gun. Pain was determined using a visual analog scale to assess tolerability. RESULTS: Complete 24 core biopsies were successful and well tolerated in all 15 patients. Cancer detected in 5 patients (33%) was clinical stage T1C. Mean prostate specific antigen before biopsy was 11.2 ng./dl. (range 5 to 24.1). The indication for biopsy was elevated prostate specific antigen after a previous normal biopsy in 12 patients. In 2 patients prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was noted on a previous biopsy and in 1 previous atypia was identified on biopsy. The mean visual analog scale pain score was 0.7 (range 0 to 3). Prolonged minor hematuria greater than 5 days in duration occurred in 3 cases requiring no intervention. No other complications occurred. Nerve sparing was not more difficult in the single patient who underwent radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Saturation prostate biopsy is well tolerated in the office setting with the patient under local anesthesia. The additional risk, time and cost of performing these procedures in the operating room using anesthesia may be safely avoided.     

Laser assisted delivery of topical anesthesia for intramuscular needle insertion in adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Currently there is no safe, effective, and rapid means to eliminate the pain associated with a needle insertion through the skin. It is hypothesized that ablation of the stratum corneum layer using a low energy Erbium(Er):YAG laser would allow rapid local anesthesia from a lidocaine product. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty volunteers participated in a placebo-controlled, double blind, cross-over study employing the Norwood-Abbey (Chelsea Heights, Victoria, Australia) laser anesthesia device (LAD) and two lidocaine preparations. Upper-arm skin ablation was followed by a 5-minute application of study treatment. Pain scores were registered immediately following a needle insertion. RESULTS: Comparing the combined lidocaine preparations to placebo, there was a statistically significant reduction in pain when the LAD was employed (P < 0.001). The median pain reduction for lidocaine was 51.3% (95% CI = [40.9, 76.1]). CONCLUSIONS: Use of the low energy Er:YAG LAD device in combination with a 5-minute application of lidocaine significantly reduced the pain associated with a needle insertion.     

雌激素抗肾上腺素实验性心律失常作用

目的： 探讨雌激素在整体水平下的抗肾上腺素心律失常作用及可能机制.方法：24只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组、利多卡因组及雌激素组,各组同步记录体表心电图及经左心室插管测定心功能指标[ 左心室内压（LVSP）、左心室舒张终末压（LVEDP）、左心室内压最大上升速率（＋dp/dtmax）、左心室内压最大下降速率（-dp/dtmax） ], 比较各组按75 μg/kg 静脉注射0.1%肾上腺素前后心电图及相应心功能指标变化.结果：快速静脉注射肾上腺素可引起心功能指标明显上升,同时由于自律性增高致室性心律失常;雌激素可拮抗肾上腺素所致心功能改变,并延长室早（VP）出现时间,缩短室速（VT）持续时间及心律失常持续时间,其作用优于利多卡因（P〈0.05）.结论： 雌激素对心律失常有一定对抗作用,可能与Ca^2＋阻断及改变细胞膜离子通透性有关.