滋肾通络方对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织脑源性神经营养因子蛋白含量的影响

目的观察滋肾通络方对MCAO大鼠脑组织脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurophic factor,BDNF)蛋白含量的变化,以探讨BDNF在脑缺血中的意义及滋肾通络方对缺血周围区神经细胞损伤修复的作用。方法制作MCAO大鼠模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、中药高剂量组、中药低剂量组和西药组。灌胃20天后,取大鼠脑组织,用免疫组织化学法检测各组BDNF的蛋白表达。结果假手术组海马区几乎见不到BDNF阳性细胞表达;模型组切片染色增强,阳性细胞略有表达;西药组、中药低剂量组及高剂量组均见到切片染色强,BDNF阳性细胞强表达,尤以中药高剂量组阳性细胞表达最强。结论 BDNF与损伤后神经元的修复作用有关。滋肾通络方可通过调节BDNF的合成,促进神经细胞的存活和损伤修复,从而减轻缺血性脑损伤。     

补虚解毒化瘀方对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠健侧肾脏肾小球细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的 观察补虚解毒化瘀方对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠健侧肾脏肾小球细胞增殖的抑制作用.方法 结扎大鼠单侧输尿管诱导肾脏损伤.40只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、依普利酮组和中药治疗组.10 d后苏木精-伊红染色(HE)观察肾脏组织病理变化;Sirius red染色检测胶原在肾脏的沉积;免疫组织化学染色及蛋白印迹方法检测缺氧诱导...     

Evolution of the percutaneous penetration and distribution of uranyl nitrate as a function of skin-barrier integrity: an in vitro assessment

As recommended by OECD Guidelines, percutaneous penetration studies consider intact skin, but rarely injured skin. Recent years have witnessed a growing concern for these two types of dermal exposure in the industry, particularly in the nuclear industry. The aim of this study was to show that a method based on an in vitro device can be used to realistically assess how skin-barrier alterations caused by occupational accidents can modify the percutaneous penetration and distribution of radionuclides, particularly uranium. Wounds encountered in the nuclear industry (i.e., nitric acid burns and abrasion) were simulated on hairless rat skin. Skin-barrier alterations were characterized by means of a histological study and by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin thickness. The percutaneous penetration of uranyl nitrate through intact or injured skin biopsies was then measured in vitro. The maximum uranium flux values obtained for intact skin, skin abrasion with stratum corneum removal, and skin exposed to 2 N HNO₃, 5 N HNO₃, and 14 N HNO₃ were, respectively, 0.6?±?0.02, 1.2?±?0.03, 1.2?±?0.04, 42.0?±?1.0, and 174.0?±?8.7?ng.cm^?2.h^?1. These results demonstrated that the percutaneous absorption of uranium increased with the increased impairment of the stratum corneum. TEWL, combined with maximum uranium flux values measured in vitro, yielded a good prediction of the percutaneous penetration of uranium through injured skin, previously observed in vivo. To conclude, this in vitro assay provides a conservative estimate of the percutaneous diffusion of uranium through intact or injured skin, making it a good alternative method for toxicological studies and risk assessments.     

Nimesulide: an NSAID that preferentially inhibits COX-2, and has various unique pharmacological activities

Nimesulide is a NSAID with good anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities expected of such compounds. However, in addition it has some unique therapeutic and pharmacological activities. The novel therapeutic aspects include a relatively low toxicity to the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, it can be given to most patients who experience respiratory problems with other NSAIDs, and the onset of analgesia is comparatively quick. The main novel pharmacological actions obtained using nimesulide in vivo at therapeutic doses, or in vitro at concentrations within the therapeutic range of free (unbound) drug, include: a preferential inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via COX-2, and reductions in cytokine action/release, histamine release, the release of enzymes that degrade cartilage, and the release of superoxide anions and other toxic substances from neutrophils. Interactions with other drugs are few and of little or no clinical significance.     

损毁双侧蓝斑区引起血尿的实验研究

用电解损毁方法损毁Ｗｉｓｔａｒ成年雄性大鼠的双侧蓝斑区。结果出现膀胱扩张、尿液潴留和血尿等，膀胱和输尿管尿液有大量红细胞和血红蛋白，膀胱粘膜和肾脏充血．结果表明：损毁双侧蓝斑区后不仅有膀胱出血，还有肾脏出血。这个实验可用作研究“特发性”血尿的动物模型。     

健脾补肾法防治顺铂为主化疗药所致肾功能损害的临床观察（附167例对照分析）

将１６７的用顺铂为主进行化疗的恶性肿瘤患者分为２组，以健脾补肾法观察化疗药物对肾功能的影响。治疗组加用中药健脾补肾方剂，结果治疗组肾功能损害的发生例数低于对照组。两组对比尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肌酐（Ｃｒ）有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０２５），常规有差异，但无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Successful Three‐Way Kidney Paired Donation with Cross‐Country Live Donor Allograft Transport

Providing transplantation opportunities for patients with incompatible live donors through kidney paired donation (KPD) is seen as one of the important strategies for easing the crisis in organ availability. It has been estimated that an additional 1000—2000 transplants per year could be accomplished if a national KPD program were implemented in the United States. While most of these transplants could be arranged within the participants' local or regional area, patients with hard‐to‐match blood types or broad HLA sensitization would benefit from matching across larger geographic areas. In this case, either patients or organs would need to travel in order to obtain maximum benefit from a national program. In this study, we describe how a triple KPD enabled a highly sensitized patient (PRA 96%) to receive a well‐matched kidney from a live donor on the opposite coast. The kidney was removed in San Francisco and transported to Baltimore where it was reperfused 8 h later. The patient had prompt function and 1 year later has a serum creatinine of 1.1 mg/dl. This case provides a blueprint for solving some of the complexities that are inherent in the implementation of a national KPD program in a large country like the United States.     

Radial, renal and craniofacial anomalies: Baller-Gerold syndrome

The Baller-Gerold syndrome is a rare syndrome with very few cases published in literature. Craniosynostosis and radial aplasia are striking features, easy to diagnose. However, there are many differential diagnoses. Often, the question raised is whether the Baller-Gerald syndrome is a distinct entity. We report a patient with findings of craniosynostosis and radial aplasia consistent with the diagnosis of the Baller-Gerold syndrome. Genotypic heterogeneity could possibly underlie the phenotypic variability exhibited by these cases.     

Radiographic contribution to diagnosis and treatment of complications from peritoneoscopy

Peritoneoscopy is a valuable nonsurgical procedure for evaluating patients with malignant disease. Directed biopsies of suspected tumor masses may be obtained, and peritoneoscopy can frequently obviate the need for laparotomy. Although the complication rate is low, the radiologist must be aware of potential problems. Radiologists may participate not only in the diagnosis and localization of these complications but also in their therapy by interventional techniques. The radiographic findings in four patients with complications of peritoneoscopy are presented.