Experimental Zika virus infection induces spinal cord injury and encephalitis in newborn Swiss mice

A widespread epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was reported in 2015 in South and Central America, with neurological symptons including meningoencephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, besides an apparent increased incidence of microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. It is becoming a necessity to have a trustworthy animal model to better understand ZIKV infection. In this study we used newborn white Swiss mice as a model to investigate the ZIKV strain recently isolated in Brazil. ZIKV was inoculated via intracerebral and subcutaneous routes and analysed through gross histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Here we demonstrated first that the intracerebral group (ICG) displayed severe cerebral lesions, with neuronal death, presence of apoptotic bodies, white matter degeneration and neutrophil perivascular cuffing. In the subcutaneous group (SCG), we observed moderate cerebral lesions, morphologically similar to that found in ICG and additional myelopathy, with architectural loss, marked by neuronal death and apoptotic bodies. Interestingly, we found an intense astrogliosis in brain of both groups, with increased immunoexpression of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and presence of hypertrophic astrocytes. The spinal cord of subcutaneous group (SCG) exhibited reduction of astrocytes, but those positive for GFAP were hypertrophic and presented prolonged cellular processes. Finally significant lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) were present in newborn mice inoculated by both routes, but SCG method led to an important neurological manifestations (including myelopathy), during a longer period of time and appears for us to be a better model for ZIKV infection.     

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Following Shunt in a Patient with Hydrocephalus

We report on a patient with hydrocephalus who was evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) follow‐up study before and after a shunt operation. A 48‐year‐old male patient and 6 age‐matched control subjects were evaluated. The patient presented with hydrocephalus due to hemorrhage caused by the rupture of a right middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm. Three longitudinal DTIs were acquired from the patient (pre‐shunt, post‐shunt 2 weeks, and post‐shunt 8 weeks). The fractional anisotrophy values in the adjacent structures of the lateral ventricle, which were increased before the shunt operation, were decreased after the shunt operation. We think that DTI could be a useful tool for the evaluation of hydrocephalus.     

颅内血肿微创清除术联合亚低温治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效研究

目的探讨颅内血肿微创清除术联合亚低温治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法将符合标准的51例高血压脑出血患者,随机分成观察组(26例)和对照组(25例),观察组使用微创清除术联合亚低温进行治疗,对照组使用单独微创清除术进行治疗。比较2组患者治疗后的疗效及格拉斯哥(GCS)评分神经功能缺损(CSS)程度评分。结果观察组治愈率与总有效率分别为23.1%,88.5%,均显著性高于对照组的4.0%,48.0%(P0.05)。术后7d与14d观察组GCS评分为6.77±1.80与9.38±2.92,均显著性高于对照组的4.62±1.74与4.55±2.85(P0.05)。术后7d、14d、21d观察组患者CSS评分分别为28.3±6.1、20.1±6.9与13.5±6.1,均显著性低于对照组的34.8±5.7、30.9±6.5与27.5±7.8(P0.05)。结论使用微创血肿清除术联合亚低温治疗HICH具有明显的疗效,同时对患者的预后具有较为明显的改善作用,值得临床推广使用。     

急性脑出血病人血清sICAM-1、MDA变化的临床研究

目的探讨急性脑出血病人血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子(sICAM-1)和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化及临床意义.方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法分别测定80例急性脑出血病人和20例健康人血清中sICAM-1、MDA的含量.结果与正常对照组相比,急性脑出血病人血清sICAM-1、MDA含量明显升高(P＜0.01),sICAM-1、MDA在轻、中、重型组之间比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);72 h内不同发病时间各组sICAM-1、MDA均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);以25 h～48 h组为最高;急性脑出血病人血清sICAM-1、MDA两指标之间呈高度的正相关.结论急性脑出血白细胞黏附、机体氧化应激增强,病人血清sICAM-1、MDA明显升高,二者关系密切,参与了脑出血后脑损伤的病理过程;急性脑出血sICAM-1、MDA水平的高峰期在25 h～48 h;且随着神经功能缺损的严重程度、病灶体积增加而增高,可作为判定病情严重程度的参考指标.     

手术时机对小骨窗显微手术治疗高血压脑出血患者预后的影响

目的 探究小骨窗显微手术治疗高血压脑出血的最佳手术时机.方法 连续纳入2010年6月至2014年6月来我院神经外科高血压脑出血发病24 h内接受小骨窗显微手术治疗患者.前瞻性队列研究方法进行研究设计,根据入院接受手术时间分为对照组(＞6h)27例及研究组(≤6h) 31例.两组患者均全麻下进行小骨窗开颅显微手术.术后1周内检测死亡、并发症及再出血例数.手术前后对患者进行GOS评分,手术后1周及半年对患者进行随访,并进行ADL评分及WHOQOL-BREF评分.结果 术前两组GOS评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05),术后研究组患者GOS评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).术后1周,两组ADL评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后半年,研究组患者ADL评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).术后1周,两组WHOQOL-BREF评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后半年,研究组患者WHOQOL-BREF评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).通过多重线性回归发现,在校正性别、年龄、术前GOS评分后,手术时机与术后GOS评分呈线性关系,发病到手术的时间越短,其术后GOS评分越高(P＜0.05).结论 发病到手术的时间越短,患者术后预后越好,在发病后6h内进行手术能够显著提高患者的预后,促进日常生活活动功能的恢复,提高患者的生存质量,具有重要意义.     

亚低温治疗对脑出血大鼠TLR4/NF-κB介导的神经炎症反应的影响

目的:研究亚低温治疗对脑出血后大鼠Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)介导的神经炎症反应的影响。方法:60只成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、脑出血模型组(ICH组)和亚低温治疗组(n=20)。采用自体血注入法复制大鼠脑出血模型,并给予亚低温干预。应用Berdson评分标准对各组大鼠进行神经功能评分,放射免疫法检测肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)、白介素1β(interleukin-1beta,IL-1β)的含量;免疫组织化学法及免疫印迹法检测TLR4、NF-κB的蛋白表达情况。结果:与Sham组比,模型组大鼠神经功能评分明显增加(P0.05),TNF-α和IL-1β的含量明显升高(P0.05),血肿周围脑组织TLR4和NF-κB的表达显著上调(P0.05)。与模型组相比,亚低温治疗组大鼠神经功能评分显著减少(P0.05),TNF-α和IL-1β的含量明显降低(P0.05),TLR4和NF-κB蛋白的表达量显著下调(P0.05)。结论:亚低温治疗能通过调控TLR4/NF-κB表达,减轻大鼠脑出血后血肿周围脑组织的炎症反应,具有一定的神经保护作用。     

神经内镜下治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果研究

目的探讨传统开颅手术与神经内镜手术在治疗基底节区高血压脑出血(HICH)患者中的疗效与安全性,为其临床治疗提供一定依据。方法 86例基底节区HICH患者,根据手术方式不同将患者分为神经内镜组(40例)和开颅手术组(46例),开颅手术组采用开颅血肿清除手术治疗,神经内镜组采用神经内镜微创血肿清除手术治疗,对比两组基底节区HICH患者皮肤切口大小、骨窗大小、皮层切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率、术后并发症、近期与远期疗效和病死率。结果神经内镜组患者的皮肤切口大小、骨窗大小、皮层切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量均明显低于开颅手术组(P 0.01);两组患者血肿清除率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);神经内镜组患者术后并发症发生率为10.0%,明显低于开颅手术组的28.3%(P 0.05);神经内镜组患者近期疗效良好率为90.0%明显高于开颅手术组的60.9%(P 0.01);神经内镜组患者远期疗效良好率为92.5%明显高于开颅手术组的63.0%(P 0.01);开颅手术组患者死亡3例,病死率6.5%;神经内镜组患者死亡2例,病死率5.0%;两组患者病死率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论神经内镜手术治疗基底节区HICH可以减小手术创伤,缩短手术时间,降低出血量,提升近期与远期疗效,降低并发症发生率。     

高血压脑出血患者颅内血肿微创清除术后早期康复治疗

目的探讨高血压脑出血患者颅内血肿微创清除术结合早期康复治疗的有效性。方法将符合要求的86例高血压脑出血患者随机分为康复组和对照组。两组均在CT定位基础上进行颅内血肿微创清除术,待患者病情稳定后,康复组和对照组分别在术后48 h和术后1周行康复训练,比较两组患者手术后有效率、病死率、并发症、治疗前后肢体功能和生活能力评定。结果对照组和康复组术后总有效率分别为81.40%和88.37%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组病死率分别为6.98%和4.65%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复组术后关节挛缩和肩手综合征发生率低于对照组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);再次出血和其他并发症间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后康复组肢体功能和生活能力评分均明显高于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颅内血肿微创清除术结合早期康复治疗可明显改善高血压脑出血患者生存质量,具有重要的临床意义。