近红外透射光谱法快速无损定量分析甲磺酸加替沙星注射液中的主成分

目的：应用近红外透射光谱法快速、无损、定量分析甲磺酸加替沙星注射液中的主成分甲磺酸加替沙星。方法：用偏最小二乘法建立近红外光谱分析模型,交互证实方法确定最佳主成分数,所有样本都经紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定,紫外数据用于建模,高效液相色谱数据用于与近红外测定结果比较。结果：无安瓿包装半成品和安瓿包装成品最佳主成分数分别为3和4,回收率分别为100％和99％,回收率RSD分别为1．6％和1．8％。近红外光谱方法与高效液相色谱方法比较,测定结果无显著性差异。结论：近红外透射光谱法是一种快速、简便、无损定量分析方法,该方法精密度和准确度都符合要求,完全适用于甲磺酸加替沙星注射液半成品和成品中主成分的含量测定。     

首发精神分裂症女性患者基于Stroop范式的近红外光谱成像的脑血流空间特征分析

目的探讨首发精神分裂症女性患者以Stroop范式的近红外光谱成像(NIRS)的脑血流空间特征。方法前瞻性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年12月深圳市康宁医院急性干预科住院的女性首次发作的精神分裂症患者9例,并纳入观察组,同时纳入年龄、受教育年限与观察组相匹配的健康者作为对照组(9例)。以Stroop测试为范式,行NIRS检测,检测时间共74 s,记录NIRS的数据。其中前面10 s为基线期,任务期共64 s,计算相对于基线期的平均氧合血红蛋白(OxyHb)水平,分析NIRS的空间特征。观察组给予奥氮平[平均剂量(17.78±2.92)mg/d]治疗4周,治疗前后各检测1次NIRS,对照组检测1次。结果观察组患者治疗前通道17、18平均OxyHb水平为0.02(-0.02,0.18)、0.04(-0.07,4.11)mmol/L,均高于对照组[-0.22(-0.33,0.04)、-0.35(-0.69,-0.02)mmol/L],通道20治疗前为-0.17(-0.32,0)mmol/L,低于对照组[0.08(-0.08,0.34)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);通道17、18、20治疗后平均OxyHb水平分别为-0.05(-0.21,0.04)、-0.10(-0.24,0.01)、-0.02(-0.21,0.11)mmol/L,与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论女性精神分裂症患者治疗前存在前额叶右腹部中间区负激活及左中间腹外侧区正激活的情况,治疗后有改善。     

Bringing Genetic Tests into the Clinic

The tests tend to become possible soon after the discovery of a disease-related gene. Hence, they often become available before any interventions are known to be effective. They may also arrive before extensive knowledge regarding their clinical validity. To ensure their safe and effective use, physicians must face several issues—in which the crucial point may be not so much that a test is genetic as that it is used predictively.     

近红外光谱法快速测定当归中7种成分的含量

目的应用近红外光谱(NIRS)技术结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立当归中多指标成分的快速无损检测方法,以更好地控制当归药材和饮片的质量。方法采集购买不同产地的当归样品共108批。建立同时测定当归中7种成分含量的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)方法,并以其测定值为参比;以积分球漫反射模式采集当归样品的NIRS图;采用PLS等化学计量学手段建立各指标性成分的参比值与NIRS图的定量校正模型。分别对建模过程的各个阶段进行优化,包括样本集的选择、不同预处理方法和不同光谱区段的选择。结果所建立的绿原酸、阿魏酸、异绿原酸A、藁本内酯、丁烯基苯肽、洋川芎内酯I和欧当归内酯A的模型校正集相关系数分别为0.937 6、0.970 2、0.963 4、0.991 1、0.962 4、0.966 6和0.947 6;预测均方差分别为0.072 1、0.038 9、0.011 3、0.483 0、0.017 5、0.178 0和0.097 0。NIRS模型预测值与UPLC测定值具有良好的线性相关关系,模型预测效果良好。结论采用NIRS技术结合PLS可以快速对当归中绿原酸、阿魏酸、异绿原酸A、藁本内酯、丁烯基苯肽、洋川芎内酯I和欧当归内酯A 7种成分的含量进行检测,方法操作简便、结果可靠。     

大鼠海水浸泡体温过低症水浴复温的实验研究

目的 观察重度海水浸泡体温过低症大鼠不同热水浴复温成功率和复温曲线特征。方法 取490只雄性SD大鼠（实验前行温度记录器腹腔置入术）,随机分为浸泡组（450只）和对照组（40只）,浸泡大鼠在（15.0±0.2）℃海水中分别浸泡不同时长：2 h（100只）、5 h（150只）、10 h（200只）,每个浸泡时长的存活大鼠均随机分为5个亚组并给予相应的方法复温：被动复温（被动复温组）、37℃热水浴复温0.5 h（37℃主动复温0.5 h组）、37℃热水浴复温1 h（37℃主动复温1 h组）、42℃热水浴复温0.5 h（42℃主动复温0.5 h组）、42℃热水浴复温1 h（42℃主动复温1 h组）;对照组不进行海水浸泡,随机均分为4个亚组,分别给予上述4种不同方法的热水浴复温。计算各组的复温成功率;复温20 h后采集存活大鼠血清检测肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平;取出温度记录器读取动态腹腔温度数据,计算被动复温速度、热水浴复温迟发后降效应。结果 随着浸泡时间的延长,浸泡组大鼠低温海水浸泡存活率下降（P<0.05）,被动复温组及主动复温组的复温成功率均下降（P<0.05）,37℃主动复温1 h组大鼠复温成功率大于或等于其他主动复温组,且大于或等于被动复温组;对照组热水浴后均存活。存活大鼠血清CK-MB、ALT和LDH水平随着浸泡时间延长逐渐升高,主动复温组较对照组均升高（P<0.05）,在浸泡时长相同时,37℃主动复温1 h组的CK-MB、ALT和LDH水平低于其他主动复温组,且低于被动复温组,部分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。分析复温曲线,被动复温组复温速度随浸泡时间的延长而下降（P<0.05）,且死亡大鼠的复温速度低于存活大鼠（P<0.05）;热水浴复温大鼠腹腔温度可出现迟发后降效应,迟发后降总效应越大,死亡率越高;对照组37℃热水浴迟发后降效应不明显,42℃热水浴明显（P<0.05）。结论 在重度海水浸泡体温过低症的救治中,恰当的热水浴复温成功率大于被动复温。紧急情况下可以将热水浴作为一种复温选择,但不当的复温条件可降低救治成功率,其可能与迟发后降效应有关。     

青蒿素哌喹片红外光谱鉴别方法的探讨

目的：对青蒿素哌喹片进行鉴别。方法：采用不同溶剂提取青蒿素哌喹片中的青蒿素和哌喹,分别测定各自红外谱图。结果：除了青蒿素红外光谱图在1 574 cm-1 处出现一组哌喹干扰峰外,青蒿素哌喹片经提取后的红外谱图均与《药品红外光谱集》中青蒿素和哌喹标准谱图一致。结论：该方法稳定可靠、专属性强,可用于青蒿素哌喹片的鉴别。     

姜黄丸水分含量测定近红外定量模型的建立

目的: 运用近红外光谱(NIR)技术对姜黄丸水分进行快速测定。方法: 采集不同批次姜黄丸样品的近红外光谱图,结合OPUS软件进行预处理,在7 552.3~6 707.5 cm^-1,6 699.8~5 538.8 cm^-1,5 515.7~4 204.3 cm^-1谱段内,选择8个主成分,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立姜黄丸水分近红外定量模型。结果: 所建模型相关系数(R²)为0.998 6,交互验证均方根偏差(RMSECV)为0.233,仪器精密度及样品重复性良好,所建模型可以准确测出姜黄丸水分含量。结论: 该方法具有快速、准确、简便的特点,可以用于大批量姜黄丸水分含量的快速在线检测。     

Correlation of transcutaneous hepatic near-infrared spectroscopy readings with liver surface readings and perfusion parameters in a piglet endotoxemic shock model.

PURPOSE: To determine whether transcutaneous liver near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) measurements correlate with NIRS measurements taken directly from the liver surface, and invasive blood flow measurements. PROCEDURE: Laparotomy was performed in 12 Yorkshire piglets, and ultrasound blood flow probes were placed on the hepatic artery and portal vein. Intravascular catheters were inserted into the hepatic and portal veins for intermittent blood sampling, and a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted via the jugular vein for cardiac output measurements. NIRS optodes were placed on skin overlying the liver and directly across the right hepatic lobe. Endotoxemic shock was induced by continuous infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide O55:B5. Pearson's correlations were calculated between the NIRS readings and the perfusion parameters. FINDINGS: After endotoxemic shock induction, liver blood flow, and oxygen delivery decreased significantly. There were statistically significant correlations between the transcutaneous and liver-surface NIRS readings for oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and cytochrome c oxidase concentrations. There were similar significant correlations of the transcutaneous oxyhemoglobin with both the mixed venous and hepatic vein saturation, and mixed venous and hepatic vein lactate. CONCLUSIONS: Transcutaneous NIRS readings of the liver, in an endotoxemic shock model, correlate with NIRS readings taking directly from the liver surface, as well as with global and specific organ-perfusion parameters.     

Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the first steps in color vision

Serving as one of our primary environmental inputs, vision is the most sophisticated sensory system in humans. Here, we present recent findings derived from energetics, genetics and physiology that provide a more advanced understanding of color perception in mammals. Energetics of cis–trans isomerization of 11-cis-retinal accounts for color perception in the narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum and how human eyes can absorb light in the near infrared (IR) range. Structural homology models of visual pigments reveal complex interactions of the protein moieties with the light sensitive chromophore 11-cis-retinal and that certain color blinding mutations impair secondary structural elements of these G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Finally, we identify unsolved critical aspects of color tuning that require future investigation.