Near‐infrared spectroscopy determined brain and muscle oxygenation during exercise with normal and resistive breathing

To elevate effects of carbon dioxide (CO₂) retention by way of an increased respiratory load during submaximal exercise (150 W), the concentration changes of oxy‐ (ΔHbO₂) and deoxy‐haemoglobin (ΔHb) of active muscles and the brain were determined by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in eight healthy males. During exercise, pulmonary ventilation increased to 33 (28–40) L min^–1 (median with range) with no effect of a moderate breathing resistance (reduction of the pneumotach diameter from 30 to 14 and 10 mm). The end‐tidal CO₂ pressure (P_ETCO ₂) increased from 45 (42–48) to 48 (46–58) mmHg with a reduction of only 1% in the arterial haemoglobin O₂ saturation (S_aO ₂). During control exercise (normal breathing resistance), muscle and brain ΔHbO₂ were not different from the resting levels, and only the leg muscle ΔHb increased (4 (–2–10) μM , P < 0.05). Moderate resistive breathing increased ΔHbO₂ of the intercostal and vastus lateralis muscles to 6 ± (–5–14) and 1 (–7–9) μM (P < 0.05), respectively, while muscle ΔHb was not affected. Cerebral ΔHbO₂ and ΔHb became elevated to 6 (1–15) and 1 (–1–6) μM by resistive breathing (P < 0.05). Resistive breathing caused an increased concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin in active muscles and in the brain. The results indicate that CO₂ influences blood flow to active skeletal muscle although its effect appears to be smaller than for the brain.     

基于“药辅合一”理念的Pickering乳技术提升儿科用药羚珠散中石菖蒲挥发油热稳定性的研究

目的 在“药辅合一”理念下导入Pickering乳技术,提升儿科用药羚珠散中石菖蒲挥发油的稳定性。方法 对羚珠散各饮片粉末进行初步表征,确定稳定剂。通过成乳量、包油量和乳剂形态筛选出最佳稳定剂质量浓度、油水比和制备方法。并使用近红外光谱（nearinfraredspectroscopy,NIRS）分析石菖蒲油在Pickering乳中的包裹状态。比较不同时间下各组别挥发油的保有量、丙二醛和过氧化物的含量。再通过GC-MS分析其中成分的变化趋势。结果 筛选出珍珠粉作为Pickering乳的稳定剂,珍珠粉质量浓度为65 mg/mL,油水比9∶11为最优成乳条件,高压均质法为最优的制备方法,NIRS分析可知石菖蒲挥发油被珍珠粉包裹,Pickering乳液中没有形成新的化学键。对比各组在不同时间段下石菖蒲油的保有率和其中丙二醛和过氧化物含量,可知40℃放置1、3、8 h的Pickering乳剂相比于石菖蒲挥发油组有更高的保有率和更低的氧化程度。GC-MS分析结果表明,相比于石菖蒲挥发油组,Pickering乳组挥发性成分的稳定性显著提高。结论 在“药辅合一”理念下Pickering乳可用于含油固...     

多功能红外治疗仪治疗宫颈糜烂86例疗效观察

目的　探讨多功能红外治疗宫颈糜烂的疗效。方法　将 171例宫颈糜烂患者随机分为两组 ,治疗组用多功能红外治疗仪探头点状光凝子宫颈 ,每点 2～ 3秒 ,对照组用CO2 激光治疗。结果　治疗组治愈 84例 ,占 97.67% ,对照组治愈 73例 ,占 85.88% ,两组疗效比较P <0 .0 5。结论　采用多功能红外治疗仪治疗宫颈糜烂疗效明显优于对照组。     

FT-IR photoacoustic depth profiling spectroscopy of enamel

Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FT-IR) depth profiling spectra of the enamel of an intact human tooth are obtained in a completely nondestructive fashion. The compositional and structural changes in the tissue are probed from the enamel surface to a depth of about 200 m. These changes reflect the state of tissue development. The subsurface carbonate gradient in the enamel could be observed over the range of about 10–100 m. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio increases in the depth profile. The depth profile also reveals changes in the substitutional distribution of carbonate ions. Type A carbonates (hydroxyl substituted) increase relative to type B carbonates (phosphate substituted) with increasing thermal diffusion length. In addition to the changes in the carbonate ion distribution and content, the PA-FT-IR depth profile clearly indicates a dramatic increase in the protein content relative to the phosphate content with increased depth. The changes in the carbonate content and distribution, along with the changes in the protein content, may be responsible for the changes observed in the apatitic structure in the depth profile of the enamel.     

Mucoadhesion of Latexes. I. Analytical Methods and Kinetic Studies

A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflection technique for direct quantification of adsorbed poly(styrene) latexes on rat intestinal mucosa was developed for deposited latex amounts up to 1.5 g/m². The method agreed well with another dosage assay of adsorbed particles by turbidimetry after denaturation of the mucus. Adsorption kinetics were made under static conditions at latex concentrations of 4 g/L in physiological saline. Ninety percent of equilibrium was reached after 10 min for a particle size of 230 nm, 20 min for a size of 320 nm, and 30 min for a size of 670 nm. The plateaus were between 0.6 and 0.9 g/m² (adsorbed mass per apparent surface of mucosa). The first phase of the kinetics was theoretically approached by a diffusion model in the suspension medium. Mucosa from rat jejunum and ileum could be considered as a homogeneous biological model for latex adsorption.     

Effects of sciatic neurectomy on the femur in growing rats: Application of peripheral quantitative computed tomography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The effects of unilateral sciatic neurectomy (USN) on the development of the femur were studied in 15 growing Wistar-derived rats (age, 5 weeks). The rats were divided into four groups: USN-operated group (right femur), USN-nonoperated group (left femur), sham-operated group (right femur), and sham-nonoperated group (left femur). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, periosteal circumference, and endosteal circumference were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the mineral/matrix ratio was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The USN-operated group showed a significant decrease in cortical BMC, bone area, and periosteal circumference compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The cortical BMD did not vary significantly between the groups. In the cancellous bone, the USN-operated group showed a significant decrease in BMD and BMC at the metaphysis compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The mineral/matrix ratio of the cortical bone did not differ significantly between the USN-operated and USN-nonoperated groups. These results suggest that in cortical bone, USN inhibits periosteal bone formation but has no significant effect on the mineral/matrix ratio of cortical bone in femurs. In cancellous bone, USN induces bone loss at the metaphysis. Received: Nov. 19, 1998 / Accepted: Feb. 12, 1999     

中西医结合治疗宫颈糜烂50例观察

目的：观察恒和坤净栓联合波姆红外光治疗宫项糜烂的疗效。方法：中西医结合组50例用恒和坤净检与波姆红外光治力仪联合治疗；对照组50例，单用波姆红外光治疗仪治疗。结果：中西医结合组痊愈率82％，对照组痊愈率40％。结论：中西医结合疗效较好，优于单用西医治疗。     

包裹在脂质体内部胰岛素的二级结构

目的以单纯胰岛素为对照，采用傅立叶红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared， FTIR）研究包裹在脂质体内部胰岛素二级结构的变化。方法分别对单纯胰岛素、胰岛素与空白脂质体混合物（样品I）及包裹胰岛素的脂质体（II）样品进行测定。结果样品I和样品II中胰岛素的FTIR谱图形状与单纯胰岛素相比基本一致，仅α-螺旋百分比略有下降（由36.09%分别下降到31.68%和31.45%），β-折叠百分比略有增加（由47.83%分别增加到53.29%和51.36%）。样品I和样品II中胰岛素的二级结构无明显差别（α-螺旋百分比为31.68%和31.45%，β-折叠百分比为53.29%和51.36%）。结论包裹在脂质体内部胰岛素的二级结构与单纯胰岛素相比无明显变化。     

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in childhood: A case report

A case report is presented of a 15-year-old girl with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). She was referred to hospital because of left upper limb pain. Her left upper limb was cold, edematous and blue with a limited active range of movement. The serum concentration of noradrenaline was lower on the painful side than on the healthy side, and neurotropin, which has an antinociceptive effect to hyperalgesia, was clearly effective. Early diagnosis and management is essential in the treatment of RSD and administration of neurotropin is a useful and non-invasive treatment without severe adverse effects.